Larisa Ratushnaya
Larisa Ratushnaya (Russian: Лариса Ратушная; 9 January 1921 – 18 March 1944) was a Soviet partisan and underground resistance fighter. She was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 8 May 1965 twenty years after the end of the war.[1]
Larisa Stepanovna Ratushnaya | |
|---|---|
Лариса Степановна Ратушная | |
 | |
| Born | 9 January 1921 Tyvriv, Vinnytsia Province, Podolia Governorate |
| Died | 18 March 1944 (aged 23) |
| Nationality |  Soviet Union |
| Awards | Hero of the Soviet Union Order of Lenin |
Early life
Ratushnaya was born on 9 January 1921 to a Ukrainian peasant family in the village of Tyvriv, located within present-day Ukraine. She became a member of the Komosmol in 1937 shortly before graduating from secondary school in 1938. In 1939 she entered Moscow State University but had to postpone her studies after the German invasion of the Soviet Union.[2][3]
World War II
After leaving her studies at Moscow State University she entered nursing courses so she could enlist in the local militia after completing training. As a medical orderly in the 8th Krasnopresnenskaya Division she participated in the Battle of Moscow. In October 1941 she was captured and taken prisoner by enemy forces in Naro-Fominsk but later managed to escape to Vinnytsia. In January 1942 she joined the partisan unit Vinnytsia underground under the command of Ivan Bevz. Ratushnaya was noted for her talent to forge German documents and seals, saving many peoples lives by providing identifications for former POWs as well as forms exempting people from deportation to Germany, further enabling the partisan unit's activities. Due to her fluency in German she managed to infiltrate a POW camp and help several prisoners escape.[4]
Ratushnaya was again arrested by the Gestapo on July 1942 while she was working at a candle factory and sent her to the concentration camp in Hnivan, which she escaped from in April 1943. After her second escape she returned to partisan activities, working in a makeshift printing outlet printing anti-Axis pamphlets and delivered various supplies including weapons, ammunition, and medicine to other partisan detachments. On 18 March 1944 she was killed by an Axis infiltrator of her unit who had knocked on her door and asked to speak to her before shooting her twice. She was buried with full military honors in the Park of Glory in Vinnytsia where there is now an eternal flame memorial. Over twenty years after her death she was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union by decree of the Supreme Soviet for her resistance activities.[3][4]
References
- Sakaida, Henry (2012-04-20). Heroines of the Soviet Union 1941–45. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 58. ISBN 9781780966922.
- Shadov, Ivan (1988). Герой Советского Союза II, Любовь - Яшчук. Moscow: Voenizdat. ISBN 5203005362. OCLC 312615596.
- Ufarkin, Nikolai. "Ратушная Лариса Степановна". www.warheroes.ru. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
- Janina, Cottam (1998). Women in War and Resistance: Selected Biographies of Soviet Women Soldiers. Newburyport, MA: Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co. ISBN 1585101605. OCLC 228063546.
Bibliography
- Cottam, Kazimiera (1998). Women in War and Resistance: Selected Biographies of Soviet Women Soldiers. Newburyport, MA: Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co. ISBN 1-58510-160-5.
- Simonov, Andrey; Chudinova, Svetlana (2017). Женщины - Герои Советского Союза и России [Women – Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia]. Moscow: Russian Knights Foundation and Museum of Technology Vadim Zadorozhny. ISBN 9785990960701. OCLC 1019634607.
