LNU Lightning Complex fires

The LNU Lightning Complex fires were a large complex of wildfires that burned during the 2020 California wildfire season across much of the Wine Country area of Northern California – Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Solano, and Yolo Counties, from August 17 to October 2, 2020. The complex was composed of numerous lightning-sparked fires, most of which were small. However, while they initially started separate from each other, the Hennessey Fire eventually grew to merge with the Gamble, Green, Markley, Spanish, and Morgan Fires, scorching 192,000 acres (777 km2) by itself, for a total burn area of 363,220 acres (1,470 km2) in the complex. The fire, which burned in the hills surrounding several large cities, such as Fairfield, Napa, and Vacaville, destroyed 1,491 structures and damaged a further 232.[1] In all, six people were killed and another five injured.[2] The LNU Lighting Complex is currently the fourth-largest wildfire in the recorded history of California.[4]

LNU Lightning Complex fires
The Hennessey and Spanish Fires burn towards Lake Berryessa on August 18, 2020.
LocationNorthern California
Statistics[1]
Total fires250
Total area363,220 acres (146,990 ha)
Date(s)August 17, 2020 (2020-08-17) – October 2, 2020 (2020-10-02)
CauseLightning
Buildings destroyed1,491 structures destroyed, 232 damaged
Deaths6 civilians[2][3]
Non-fatal injuries5
Location of Northern California wildfires

Name

The name of the complex fire refers to the name of the local unit of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire), the Sonoma–Lake–Napa Unit (LNU).[5]

Timeline

In the early morning hours of Sunday, August 16 through Monday, August 17, a series of highly unusual thunderstorms rolled through most of northern California, which came from the moisture of the diminishing Tropical Storm Fausto.[6] With these thunderstorms came a reported 10,849 lightning strikes that – within a 72-hour period – had then presumably sparked 376 known fires across much of the state.[7]

Monday, August 17

Early on Monday, August 17, at around 6:40 am PDT a spotfire was reported burning in the 60 block of Hennessey Ridge Road near Lake Hennessey which was initially dubbed the 14-3 Fire but then later named the Hennessey Fire.[8] The incident was reported alongside several other fires burning not far from it, most notably the Gamble Fire which began burning in an area off Berryessa Knoxville Road north of Lake Berryessa and west of state Highway 16, the Spanish Fire which was burning near Spanish Flat, the 15-10 Fire burning near the Putah Bridge and the Markley Fire near the Monticello Dam.[9] All of which had been reportedly burning almost completely unchecked as resources meant to combat the incidents had been stretched thin due to the onslaught of new and persisting fires throughout the state. Due to this factor, the fires were not contained during their most critical early phases, and by the evening of that day, the multiple conflagrations sizes were all ranging between 1,000 and 8,000 acres with 0% containment for each fire.[9]

Tuesday, August 18
The Hennessey Fire as seen from Sonoma.

By the morning of August 18, the complex of fires burning through much of the Napa County region had already expanded to collectively encompass over 12,000 acres. By this time, only several hundred firefighters were actively engaging the firelines.[10] Air attack reported additional spotfires beginning to flare up due to the deteriorating weather conditions as between at least 20 to 30 new fires that had been ignited by lightning the day prior were discovered. One of those ignitions was the actively expanding Walbridge Fire (then the 13-4 fire) that had started in rugged hills north of the Austin Creek State Recreation Area of Sonoma County and was now 75 acres in size with vitally no firefighter apparatus engaging the fire.[11] Evacuation warnings were put in place for the rural area in the hills between Healdsburg and Stewarts Point as the fire burned virtually unchecked.[11] Those evacuations were then expanded to include areas east of Sewell Road and King Ridge Road; north of Old Cazadero Road and Austin Creek; west of East Austin Creek and Wal Bridge Ridge; and south of Stewarts Point Skaggs Springs Road --as well as Guerneville, Monte Rio and other areas north of the Russian River-- which displaced hundreds of residences by nightfall as the fire grew to 500 acres.[11]

Meanwhile, a 15 acre fire had also been spotted burning between Meyers Grade and Highway 1 north of the community of Jenner after being caused by lightning the day prior and would later be dubbed the Meyers Fire as it also rapidly expanded in the area.[11] Mandatory evacuations were put in place for areas west of Meyers Grade Road, south of Fort Ross Road and North of the intersection of Meyers Grade Road and Highway 1 throughout the day.[12]

Evacuations orders that initially were put in place for roads near the Hennessey Fire off of Hennessey Ridge Road and Highway 128 and along Chiles Pope Valley Road and Lower Chiles Valley Road began to expand for much of the surrounding Lake Berryessa area as the fire and multipule other conflagrations effectively exploded in size in that area. These mandatory evacuations were put in place for the Berryessa Highlands and Spanish Flat areas as the fires rapidly raged towards those communities.[11] By this time, the Hennessey Fire has reportedly only destroyed one structure and two outbuildings in the area and threatened 205 structures, however an additional 390 homes in the Berryessa Estates area were now reportedly threatened and multiple structures were reported burning throughout the valley.[11] Later that afternoon, the fire further threatened additional rural areas along Highway 128 as it jumped the two-lane winding highway twice and it raced towards the Vaca Mountains bordering Napa and Solano County.[10]

At 8:15 pm on Tuesday night, CAL FIRE has reported that the Hennessey Fire had consumed 10,000 acres, the Gamble Fire off of Berryessa Knoxville Road has also consumed 10,000 acres, the Spanish Fire near Spanish Flat had grown to 1,000 acres, the "15-10" near Putah Creek Bridge had burned 8,000 acres, and the newly-ignited Markley Fire near the Monticello Dam had also grown to 2,500 acres. All zero percent contained that night.[13] By 11:30 pm, the Hennessey Fire was seen still burning at a critical to dangerous rate of spread as the massive conflagration had traveled 13 miles to the southeast scorching the Vaca Mountains and rolled down the canyons towards the city of Fairfield and Vacaville.[10] This dangerous fire spread spurred additional mandatory evacuations for north Fairfield and northwest Vacaville as the fireline made its way down Mix Canyon Road to Pleasants Valley Road and proceeded to destroy hundreds of structures in areas to the west and north of the cities.[10]

September

In September, fire activity decreased significantly within the complex, as firefighters brought most of the fire complex under control. By mid-September, only the Hennessey and Walbridge Fires were still burning within the complex. On October 2, 2020, CAL FIRE reported that the entire complex had been extinguished.[1]

Fires
Smoke from the Walbridge Fire over Santa Rosa.
Name County Acres Start date Containment Deaths Notes Ref
Hennessey Napa305,651 August 17, 2020 100% contained Merged with the Gamble, Green, Aetna, Markley, Spanish, Morgan and Round fires. [1]
Walbridge Sonoma55,209 August 17, 2020 100% contained Merged with the Stewarts Fire [1]
Meyers Sonoma2,360 August 17, 2020 100% contained [1]

See also

References
  1. "LNU Lightning Complex Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  2. "LNU Lightning Complex: Cal Fire confirms 5th death". Sacramento, California: KCRA-TV. August 24, 2020.
  3. "Northern California Wildfires: Where To Find Updates On Air Quality, Evacuations, And Official Information". CapRadio. October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  4. "Top 20 Largest California Wildfires" (PDF). CAL FIRE. October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  5. "How LNU, CZU Lightning Complex wildfires in the Bay Area got their names". ABC7 San Francisco. 2020-08-21. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
  6. Barmann, Jay (17 August 2020). "Lightning Strikes Spark Multiple Fires in Napa, Knock Out Power In Healdsburg". SFist. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  7. Sandler, Adam (19 August 2020). "California Sees 10,849 Lightning Strikes In 72 Hours As Wildfires Rage". Forbes. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  8. Barnard, Cornell W. (18 August 2020). "Some Napa County residents choose to stay despite evacuation orders as Hennessey Fire explodes in size". KGO-TV | ABC 7 Bay Area. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  9. Staff, CBS SF (18 August 2020). "LNU Lightning Complex Fires: Evacuations Expand In Napa, Sonoma Counties, School Closures". KPIX-TV | CBS SF Bay Area. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  10. Gafni, Matthias; Johnson, Lizzie (3 September 2020). "A lightning fire, a thunderous path". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  11. Callanhan, Mary; Schmitt, Will; Chavez, Nashelly; Carter, Lori; Barber, Phil (18 August 2020). "Live updates: Evacuations expanded once again due to 13-4 wildfire". The Press Democrat. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  12. Sonoma, County of [@CountyofSonoma] (August 18, 2020). "MANDATORY EVACUATION ORDER (FORT ROSS FIRE) twitter.com/CountyofSonoma/status/1295867518397997056" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  13. LNU, CAL FIRE [@CALFIRELNU] (August 18, 2020). "LNU Lightning Complex - Evening Update 08-18-2020 twitter.com/CALFIRELNU/status/1295925411193532416" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

 This article incorporates text from https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/8/17/lnu-lightning-complex-includes-hennessey-gamble-15-10-spanish-markley-13-4-11-16/, a public domain work of the Government of California.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.