Kalyan Manikya

Kalyan Manikya (d. 1660) was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1626 to 1660. Reigning in the aftermath of an occupation by the Mughal Empire, Kalyan did much to restore the kingdom, though it remained in a continuous state of war with the Mughals.

Kalyan Manikya
Maharaja of Tripura
Reign1626–1660
PredecessorMughal interregnum
SuccessorGovinda Manikya
Died(1660-06-16)16 June 1660[1]
wivesKalavati[2]
Saharavati[2]
IssueGovinda Manikya
Chhatra Manikya
HouseManikya dynasty
FatherKachu Fa
ReligionHinduism
Kingdom of Tripura
Part of History of Tripura
Maha Manikyac. 1400–1431
Dharma Manikya I1431–1462
Ratna Manikya I1462–1487
Pratap Manikya1487
Vijaya Manikya I1488
Mukut Manikya1489
Dhanya Manikya1490–1515
Dhwaja Manikya1515–1520
Deva Manikya1520–1530
Indra Manikya I1530–1532
Vijaya Manikya II1532–1563
Ananta Manikya1563–1567
Udai Manikya1567–1573
Joy Manikya I1573–1577
Amar Manikya1577–1585
Rajdhar Manikya I1586–1600
Ishwar Manikya1600
Yashodhar Manikya1600–1623
Interregnum1623–1626
Kalyan Manikya1626–1660
Govinda Manikya1660–1661
Chhatra Manikya1661–1667
Govinda Manikya1661–1673
Rama Manikya1673–1685
Ratna Manikya II1685–1693
Narendra Manikya1693–1695
Ratna Manikya II1695–1712
Mahendra Manikya1712–1714
Dharma Manikya II1714–1725
Jagat Manikya1725–1729
Dharma Manikya II1729
Mukunda Manikya1729–1739
Joy Manikya II1739–1744
Indra Manikya II1744–1746
Vijaya Manikya III1746–1748
Lakshman Manikya1740s/1750s
Interregnum1750s–1760
Krishna Manikya1760–1783
Rajdhar Manikya II1785–1806
Rama Ganga Manikya1806–1809
Durga Manikya1809–1813
Rama Ganga Manikya1813–1826
Kashi Chandra Manikya1826–1829
Krishna Kishore Manikya1829–1849
Ishan Chandra Manikya1849–1862
Bir Chandra Manikya1862–1896
Radha Kishore Manikya1896–1909
Birendra Kishore Manikya1909–1923
Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya1947–1949
1949–1978 (titular)
Kirit Pradyot Manikya1978–present (titular)
Tripura monarchy data
Manikya dynasty (Royal family)
Agartala (Capital of the kingdom)
Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence)
Neermahal (Royal residence)
Rajmala (Royal chronicle)
Tripura Buranji (Chronicle)
Chaturdasa Devata (Family deities)
Shamsher Gazi (Usurper)

Reign

Kalyan was born into a branch of the Manikya dynasty, with his father Kachu Fa being a descendant of Gagan Fa, himself a son of Maha Manikya.[3] Upon the capture of Tripura by the Mughals in 1618, Yashodhar Manikya, prior to his expulsion from the kingdom, named Kalyan his heir, due to the former's lack of close male relatives.[4] Following the Mughal's retreat after a deadly epidemic in the region,[5] the Tripuri nobles appointed Kalyan as the new ruler in 1626, confirming his previous nomination.[4]

During his reign, Kalyan extensively worked to restore order to the kingdom. The administration was reorganised and improvements were made to the military, allowing the recapture of previously lost territory.[5] He was also devoted to religious pursuits, having constructed a temple to Kali as well as donating lands to Brahmins.

Like his predecessor, Kalyan refused to pay tribute to the Mughals, resulting in repeated attacks against the kingdom, which he was initially able to repulse. However, he was ultimately defeated by Prince Shah Shuja in 1658. Tripura was subsequently added to the Mughal revenue roll under the name "Sarkar Udaipur" and Kalyan was required to give up his son Nakshatra Roy (later known as Chhatra Manikya) as a hostage to Shuja's court.[6]

After his death in 1660, Tripura, already weakened by war, was further subjected to a fratricidal succession struggle amongst Kalyan's sons.[7]

References
  1. Goswami, D.N. (1989). The Episode of Shuja Mosque- A historical review (PDF). Proceedings of North East India History Association: Tenth session. North East India History Association. p. 123.
  2. Sarma, Raman Mohan (1987). Political History of Tripura. Puthipatra. p. 103.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  3. Gan-Chaudhuri, Jagadis (1980). Tripura, the land and its people. Leeladevi. p. 25.
  4. Sarma (1987, p. 96)
  5. Chib, Sukhdev Singh (1988). This beautiful India: Tripura. Ess Ess Publications. p. 11. ISBN 978-81-7000-039-6.
  6. Chaudhuri, Dipak Kumar (1999). The Political Agents and the Native Raj: Conflict, Conciliation, and Progress, Tripura Between 1871 to 1890. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-81-7099-666-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  7. Chaudhuri (1999, p. 4)
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