Jerusalem railway station

The Jerusalem railway station (Hebrew: תחנת הרכבת ירושלים‎, Tahanat HaRakevet Yerushalayim) is a historic railway station in Jerusalem, Israel, located between Hebron Road and Bethlehem Road, near the German Colony. It was part of the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway until its closure in 1998. When it was in operation it was also known as the Khan station for the old caravanserai building, now the Khan Theater, located across the road.

For other stations in Jerusalem, see Jerusalem Malha railway station and Jerusalem–Yitzhak Navon railway station.

Jerusalem railway station תחנת הרכבת ירושלים أورشليم القدس
Jerusalem railway station in 1978
Location	David Remez Street, Jerusalem
Line(s)	Tel Aviv – Jerusalem
Platforms	2
Tracks	4
History
Opened	26 September 1892
Closed	15 August 1998

The station opened in 1892 as a terminus of the Jaffa–Jerusalem line, at the 86.6 kilometer mark and an elevation of 787 metres (2,582 ft).[1] In 1998 this railway along with the station were closed and the station was not included in the restoration of the Tel Aviv – Jerusalem line, completed in 2005.[2] The station lay neglected for many years, although the railway yard was used for annual events such as Hebrew Book Week. After undergoing an extensive restoration, it reopened as a culture and entertainment center in May 2013.[3]

History

Jerusalem railway station, c. 1900

Map showing the Ottoman railways on the eve of World War I

The idea to build a railway linking the coast with the Jerusalem was first raised in the middle of the 19th century by Dr. Conrad Schick, Moses Montefiore and others. The franchise for laying the railway was obtained from the Ottoman government by Joseph Navon, but due to financial difficulties, he had to sell the franchise to a French company which was set up to build the line – Société du Chemin de Fer Ottoman de Jaffa à Jérusalem et Prolongements.[4]

In 1892, construction of the line from Jaffa to Jerusalem was finally completed. It was built along the "donkeys' trail", an ancient route ascending to Jerusalem which passed through Nahal Sorek and the Valley of Rephaim. The station was inaugurated on 26 September 1892 in the presence of the city's dignitaries, Jews and Arabs. Among those present at the ceremony was Eliezer Ben Yehuda, the reviver of the Hebrew language, which gave the train the literal name of – horse of the steel in Hebrew as the word Rakevet had not yet been created.[5]

The station operated almost continuously until 1948, when traffic stopped on the Jaffa–Jerusalem line due to the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. At the end of the war a section of the track near Beit Safafa, an Arab neighborhood in southeastern Jerusalem, remained under the control of the Jordanian Arab Legion. Following the 1949 Armistice Agreements, it was agreed that Jordan would hand the control of this section of the track to Israel, in order to enable Israel Railways to restart the service to Jerusalem.[5]

As a result, between 1948 and 1967 the Beit Safafa neighborhood was divided; the area south of the railway line was part of the Jordanian controlled West Bank and the railway line itself and small area to the North part of the Israeli controlled section of Jerusalem. The service on the line resumed on August 7, 1949.[5]

Jerusalem railway station, 1956

In 1959 the railway tracks to Jerusalem underwent extensive renovations, but over time, the number of passengers using the line decreased, especially after the opening of Highway 1. For the majority of the years until the line was finally closed, there was only once or twice daily service to Tel Aviv South railway station (now also closed) and / or Haifa Central railway station. During the 1990s, due to the poor level of railway tracks maintenance, there were many minor derailments;[6] therefore it was decided to close the section of the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway line from Beit Shemesh railway station along Nahal Sorek to Jerusalem. On 14 August 1998 the last train service left the station, and on 15 August 1998 the station was officially closed. The Beit Shemesh–Jerusalem section was later renovated and reopened in 2005, but only reached the Malha neighborhood, with the railway between Malha and the original Jerusalem station having been abandoned.

The station building

The station building is a symmetrical structure containing the station offices, ticket hall and a Concourse. The original building (before later modifications) was identical to the Ramla railway station and Jaffa railway station buildings, which were all built at the same time.[5] The triangular arches on the roof of the first floor, on both sides of the ticket hall, were built in early 1920s by the British-run Palestine Railway, who managed the railway during the British Mandate of Palestine. The building underwent many renovations over the years, but its basic shape has not changed since 1920.[5]

Restoration plans and reopening

Jerusalem railway station in 2008 before being extensively restored

After restoration as a leisure and entertainment venue

After its closure, the station sat abandoned and suffered from neglect and vandalism. In the 2000s, the area around the station was used for cultural events such as the Jerusalem Film Festival, Jerusalem Jazz Festival and Israel Festival.[7]

In May 2013, the station reopened as HaTakhana HaRishona ("The First Station"), a culture and entertainment venue. The $9.3 million refurbishment was financed by the Jerusalem Municipality and the Jerusalem Development Authority. The 4,000 sq.m. rail yard now features wooden decks, food stalls and umbrella-topped vendor carts. Several restaurants and pubs have opened in the area, and an exhibition of historic photographs is displayed inside the station house. The site hosts musical, literary and artistic events, and adjoins a bike path that links it to the Train Track Park, a walking and cycling path built along the route of the old train tracks.[3] The line's other original terminus, the Jaffa train station, also underwent a similar restoration which was completed in 2009.

Tel Aviv – Jerusalem line
Tel Aviv Savidor Central Tel Aviv HaShalom Tel Aviv HaHagana to Rishon LeZion Moshe Dayan Highway 20 ( Ayalon Highway ) to Tel Aviv South & Jaffa to Ben Gurion Airport Highway 1 to Rosh HaAyin Lod to Ashkelon Ramla Route 431 to Be'er Sheva Central Highway 6 ( Trans-Israel Highway ) Beit Shemesh Jerusalem Biblical Zoo Jerusalem–Malha Jerusalem (Khan)
Israel Rail Lines Map

See also

• Ramla railway station
• Jaffa railway station
• Conrad Schick

References

1. Travis, Anthony S. (2009). On Chariots with Horses of Fire and Iron. Jerusalem, Israel: Magnes Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-965-91147-0-2.
2. Ehrlich, Sybil, "New train service proves a hit in Jerusalem and Ashkelon. Capital's rail link renewed after almost seven years", Jerusalem Post Article date: Apr 11, 2005, retrieved 2009-11-06
3. Klein Leichman, Abigail (30 January 2013). "Old Jerusalem station to be transformed into top culture spot". Israel 21c. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2013. (subscription)
4. Glass, Yosef, "Yosef Navon Bey and his involvement in late 19th century Palestine's development", Cathedra (in Hebrew)., 62 (1992)
5. Wallach, Yair, "Nostalgia and Promise in Jerusalem's Derelict Ottoman Railway Station", The Jerusalem Quarterly, Summer 2009 (38), retrieved 2009-11-06
6. Ehrlich, Sybil, "No Tel Aviv-Haifa train service today", Jerusalem Post Article date: September 1, 1995, archived from the original on 2012-11-02, retrieved 2009-11-06
7. "Moonlight Cinema at the Old Train Station", The Jerusalemite – the Jerusalem Culture Guide – July 14, 2008, retrieved 2009-11-06

External links

• Official site for renovated station