Jeongye Daewongun

Jeongye Daewongun (hangul: 전계대원군, hanja: 全溪大院君, March 21, 1785 – November 2, 1841) or Grand Internal Prince Jeongye was a royal family member of the Korean Joseon dynasty. He was the biological father of King Cheoljong of Joseon also King Cheoljong was his third illegitimate son, also he was illegitimate son of his fathers. His real name was Yi Kwang (hangul: 이광, hanja: 李㼅), his Chinese name was Changgang (hangul: 창강, hanja: 昌康), first real name was Kwae-deuk(hangul: 쾌득, hanja: 快得), Hae-dong (hangul: 해동, hanja: 海東).[1]

In this Korean name, the family name is Yi.
Yi Kwawng
Jeongye Daewongun
Born(1785-03-21)21 March 1785
Died2 November 1841(1841-11-02) (aged 56)
IssueCheoljong of Joseon
FatherPrince Euneon
MotherLady Lee of Jeonsan

Life

On March 21, 1785, he was born in Ganghwa-do. His birth name was Kwae-deuk; later it changed from Kwae-deuk to Haedong; after some years his name changed again from Haedong to Gwang.

He was an illegitimate son of Prince Euneon by his concubine Lady Lee of Jeonsan. His father Prince Euneon was an illegitimate son of Crown Prince Sado; Sado himself was an illegitimate son of the 21st King Yeongjo of Joseon. This made Jeongye the half-nephew of the 22nd King Jeongjo of Joseon; but during his life he did not receive treatment as a member of the royal family. Also he was one bastard of royal family and he was implication to his elder half-brother Prince Sanggye, Prince Sanggye was have Crown prince affairs by Hong Guk-yeong.

He was one of several illegitimate sons of Prince Euneon, and the second of two sons of his mother Lady Lee of Jeonsan. The first son of Lady Lee of Jeonsan had an early death.

In 1801, his father Prince Euneon was executed as a prisoner of implication of wife Lady Song of Sangsan and his daughter-in-law Lady Sin of Sanggye (the wife of Prince Sanggye). Lady Song of Sangsan and Lady Sin of Sanggye had been baptized into the Roman Catholic church. The Joseon dynasty's state religion was Neo-Confucianism, so Lady Song of Sangsan and Lady Sin of Sanggye were executed and his father Prince Euneon was implicated and executed.

In 1801 son of Prince Euneon and some illegitimate son of Prince Euneon were deported to Ganghwa-do, also he was deported to Ganghwa-do, the name of crime is implication of apostate. after he was lifetime was poor farmers. This time, his second eldest brother had a terrible fever and nobody helped him, but he alone helped to his second eldest brothers.[2]

In February 1812, Lee Chin-chae and Chung Wu-moon, Park Chong-il, Han Kwang-wu was attempt coup d'état and failure. On February 21 there were arrests for Uigeumbu.[3] Uigeumbu was interrogated for them, there was selected king to one son of Prince Euneon.[4][5] Lee Chin-chae, Chung Wu-moon, Park Chong-il, Han Kwang-wu and some rebel rebellion was choose to son of Prince Euneon is unknown. but high government official of Joseon dynastys demands was childs of Prince Euneon was all punishment according to law, but King Sunjo of Joseon was refusal and answers.[6] this time, Prince Jeongye and his half-brother Yi Seong-deuk, other half-brother Yi Dang and other his some half-brothers was avoid danger of execution and have a near-death experience.

In 1822, specially unprison for King Sunjo.[2]

A family of Prince Jeongye and family of Jeongye's was despised to some newly appointed County-governor of Ganghwa and some newly appointed government official of Ganghwa County. In 1831 there was a release of some prisoners, also his family also released by special order of King Sunjo, his half-cousins. He went to Gyeonghaeng-borough in Hanseong. On November 2, 1841, he died at his home Gyeonghaeng-borough in Hanseong at age 56; the cause of death was unknown.

After death

In August 1841, Min Jin-yong, Lee Won-deok was plot a coup d'état and crown as king to Yi Won-gyeong, primogeniture and legitimate of Jeongye Daewongun. Yi Won-gyeong was the second cousin of King Heonjong of Joseon and great-great grandson of 21st King Yeongjo of Joseon, but Min Jin-yong, Lee Won-deok was plot a coup d'état was detected and there was executions. So his first son Yi Won-gyeong was executed. His only boode and sole survivors were two illegitimate sons, Yi Kyung-eung and Yi Won-beom, who were deported to Ganghwa-do.

In 1849, his third illegitimate son Won-beom became King of the Joseon dynasty. The title Daewongun was posthumously conferred on Prince Jeongye, making his full name Jeongye Daewongun. King Cheoljong was born of a concubine Grand Lady Yeom of Yongsung.

His burial and first grave was at Jingwan, Eunpyeong-gu in Seoul, Point 30° degrees northwest of his father Prince Euneon's graves. Later his grave was moved to Yeoju. After August 1851, his grave was moved again to Seondan-ri, Pocheon-eup in county Pocheon, near Wangbang Mountain.

Family
  • Father: Yi In, Prince Euneon (29 May 1754 – 30 June 1801) (이인 은언군)
    • Grandfather: King Jangjo of Joseon (13 February 1735 – 12 July 1762) (조선 장조)
    • Grandmother: Royal Noble Consort Suk of the Buan Im clan (? - 1773) (숙빈 임씨)
  • Mother: Princess Consort Jeonsan of the Jeonju Yi clan (19 December 1764 – 4 June 1819) (전산군부인 전주 이씨)
  • Consorts and their Respective Issue:
  1. Grand Internal Princess Consort Wangyang of the Jeonju Choi clan (19 February 1804 - 19 February 1840) (완양부대부인 전주 최씨)
    1. Yi Myeong, Prince Hoepyeong (11 September 1827 – 6 September 1844) (회평군 이명)
  2. Grand Internal Princess Consort Yongseong of the Yongdan Yeom clan[7] (20 July 1793 - March 1834) (용성부대부인 용담 염씨)
    1. King Cheoljong (25 July 1831 – 16 January 1864)
  3. Lady of the Yi clan (이씨)
    1. Yi Gyeongeung, Prince Yeongpyeong (20 July 1828 – 1 February 1902) (영평군 이경응)

Ancestry

References
  1. 전계대원군 신도비, 경기도 포천시 선단동 산11번지 해룡산 임좌, 37° 51′ 52.32″ N, 127° 9′ 17.69″ E
  2. 전계대원군신도비(全溪大院君神道碑) 해석문 (in Korean)
  3. 이진채·정우문·한광우 등을 국문하다. (in Korean)
  4. 추국 죄인 이진채를 정법하다 (in Korean)
  5. 추국 죄인 정우문과 한광우를 정법하다 (in Korean)
  6. 삼사에서 역적 이인의 아들에 대한 전형을 합계하다 (in Korean)
  7. Elevated to Budaebuin (Hangul: 부대부인, Hanja: 府大夫人, i.e. Grand Internal Princess Consort), on the ascension of her son to the throne.

Further reading
  • Byeon Tae-seop (변태섭) (1999). 韓國史通論 (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed. ISBN 89-445-9101-6.
  • Cummings, Bruce. (1997). Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History. New York. ISBN 0-393-04011-9
  • 완양부대부인 묘비 탁본 (in Korean)
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