Jalayirid Sultanate

The Jalayirid Sultanate was a Persianate[4] Mongol Jalayir dynasty which ruled over Iraq and western Persia after the breakup of the Mongol khanate of Persia in the 1330s.[5] It lasted about fifty years, until disrupted by Timur's conquests and the revolts of the Kara Koyunlu ("Black Sheep") Turkmen. After Timur's death in 1405, there was a brief attempt to re-establish the sultanate in southern Iraq and Khuzistan. The Jalayirids were finally eliminated by the Kara Koyunlu in 1432.

Jalayirid Sultanate
1335–1432
Division of Ilkhanate territory
Capital	Baghdad (until 1358 and 1388–1411) Tabriz (1358–1388) Basra (1411–1432)
Common languages	Persian (official, poetry)[1][2] Mongolian (government)[3] Arabic (diplomatic)[3]
Government	Monarchy
History
• Established	1335
• Disestablished	1432
Preceded by Succeeded by Ilkhanate Kara Koyunlu
Today part of	Iran Iraq Syria

Jalairid coinage, Baghdad, 1382-1387.

Government

The Jalayirid administration was modeled after Ilkhanate protocols, with documents in Persian and Mongolian.[3] Its diplomatic correspondence also copied the Ilkhanate's, using a red ink square seal with Islamic phrases in Arabic.[3]

Rulers

Title/Name[6]	Personal name	Reign
Taj-ud-Din تاج الدین	Hasan Buzurg	1336–1356
Mu'izz-ud-duniya wa al-Din معزالدنیا والدین Bahadur Khan بهادرخان	Shaikh Awais Jalayir	1356–1374
Jalal-ud-Din جلال الدین	Shaikh Hasan Jalayir	1374
Ghiyas-ud-Din غیاث الدین	Shaikh Hussain Jalayir	1374–1382
	Shaikh Bayazid Jalayir Ruler of Iraq-i 'Ajam at Soltaniyeh and contender for the throne	1382–1384
Sultan سلطان	Sultan Ahmed Jalayir Ruler of Iraq-i 'Arab at Baghdad and contender for the throne	1382–1410
	Shah Walad Jalayir son of Shaikh Ali Jalayir	1410–1411
Sultan سلطان	Mahmud bin Shah Walad Jalayir under tutelage of Tandu Khatun	1411 (1st reign)
Sultan سلطان	Awais bin Shah Walad Jalayir	1411–1421
Sultan سلطان	Muhammad bin Shah Walad Jalayir	1421
Sultan سلطان	Mahmud bin Shah Walad Jalayir	1421–1425 (2nd reign)
	Hussain bin Ala-ud-Daulah bin Sultan Ahmed Jalayir	1425–1432

Family tree

Husein Gurkan

daughter of Arghun

Hasan Buzurg 1336–1356

Dilshad Khatun

Uvais I 1356–1374

Alishah

Husain I 1374–1382

Ahmad 1383–1410

Hasan 1374

Shah Valad 1410–1411

Tandura Khatun

Al'a od-Dowleh

Mahmud 1411–1415

Uvais II 1415–1421

Mohammed 1421–1422

Husain II 1424–1432

See also

• Chupanids

References

1. Jackson, edited by Peter; Lockhart, the late Laurence (1986). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6: The Timurid and Safavid periods (Repr ed.). Cambridge: New York. p. 978. ISBN 0521200946.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
2. Wing 2016, p. 18.
3. Broadbridge, Anne F. Kingship and Ideology in the Islamic and Mongol Worlds, (Cambridge University Press, 2008), 157.
4. Wing 2016, p. 185.
5. Bayne Fisher, William. The Cambridge History of Iran, p.3: "From then until Timur's invasion of the country, Iran was under the rule of various rival petty princes of whom henceforth only the Jalayirids could claim Mongol lineage"
6. Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. The new Islamic dynasties: a chronological and genealogical manual. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys Series; ISBN 0-7486-2137-7, 978-0-7486-2137-8

Sources

• Jackson, Peter (2008). "Jalayerids". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XIV, Fasc. 4. pp. 415–419.
• Wing, Patrick (2016). "The Jalayirids: Dynastic State Formation in the Mongol Middle East". Edinburgh University Press: 1–256. ISBN 9781474402262. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)