Irish exonyms
This is list of Irish language exonyms for places outside Ireland. The tables contain both exonym and endonym of places around the world. The exonyms in Irish and the endonyms in their regional language.
Algeria
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Algiers | Cathair na hAilgéire | Al Jāza'ir (الجزائر) | Standard Arabic | |
Dzayer | Berber |
Belgium
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Antwerp | Antuairp | Antwerpen | Dutch | |
Brussels | an Bhruiséil | Brussel | Dutch | |
Bruxelles | French | |||
Flanders | Flóndras | Vlaanderen | Dutch | |
Leuven | Lováin | Leuven | Dutch | Site of St Anthony's College, Leuven, a centre of Irish learning and culture on the Continent |
Ostend | Ostainn | Oostende | Dutch | |
Wallonia | an Vallúin | Wallonie | French | |
Walonreye | Walloon |
Bosnia and Herzegovina
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Sarajevo | Sairéavo | Sarajevo (Сарајево) | Bosnian |
Canada
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Labrador | (Leithinis) Labradar | Labrador | English, French | |
Nunatsuak | Inuttitut | |||
Newfoundland | Talamh an Éisc | Ikkarumikluak | Inuttitut | Irish name means "fishing grounds"; Newfoundland was settled by large numbers of Irish emigrants |
Newfoundland | English | |||
Terre-Neuve | French | |||
Nova Scotia | Albain Nua | Alba Nuadh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Nouvelle-Écosse | French | |||
Nova Scotia | English |
China
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Beijing | Bésing | Beijing (北京) | Mandarin | |
Tibet | Tibéid | Bhö (བོད) | Tibetan |
Croatia
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Dalmatia | an Dalmáit | Dalmacija | |
Zagreb | Ságrab | Zagreb |
Cyprus
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English name | Irish name | Endony | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Nicosia | an Leafcóis; an Nicóis | Lefkosía | Greek | |
Lefkoşa | Turkish |
Czechia
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Bohemia | an Bhohéim | Čechy | |
Prague | Prág | Praha |
Denmark
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Copenhagen | Cóbanhávan | København | |
Jutland | an Iútlainn | Jylland | |
Zealand | an tSéalainn | Sjælland |
France
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English name | Irish name | French place | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Bordeaux | Bordghal | Bordeaux | French | |
Bordèu | Gascon | From Latin Burdigula[1] | ||
Brittany | an Bhríotáin | Breizh | Breton | |
Bretagne | French | |||
Burgundy | an Bhurgúin | Bourgogne | French | |
Corsica | an Chorsaic | Corse | French | |
Corsica | Italian | |||
Lorraine | an Lorráin | Lorraine | French | |
Lottringe | West Franconian | |||
Louréne | Lorrain | |||
Normandy | an Normainn | Normandie | French | |
Normaundie | Norman | |||
Paris | Páras | Paris | French |
Germany
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Bavaria | an Bhaváir | Bayern | German | |
Saxony | an tSacsain |
United Kingdom
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Aberdeen | Obar Dheathain | Obar Dheathain | Scottish Gaelic | |
Bristol | Briostó | Bristol | English | |
Cardiff | Caedydd | Caerdydd | Welsh | |
Carlisle | Cathair Luail | Carlise | English | |
Coatbridge | Drochaid an Chóta | Drochaid a' Chòta | Scottish Gaelic | |
Cornwall | an Chorn | Kernow | Cornish | |
Corn na Breataine | ||||
Douglas | Dúlais | Doolish | Manx | |
Glasgow | Glaschú | Glaschu | Scottish Gaelic | |
Dundee | Dún Déagh | Dùn Dèagh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Edinburgh | Dún Éideann | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
England | Sasana | England | English | From Old Irish Saxain (“Saxons, England”).[2][3] |
Guernsey | Geansaí | |||
Hebrides | Inse Ghall | na h-Innse Gall | Scottish Gaelic | |
Inverness | Inbhear Nis | Inbhir Nis | Scottish Gaelic | |
Isle of Man | Manainn | Mannin | Manx | Translation Oileán Mhanann (from Manx: Ellan Vannin) also used |
Isle of Wight | Inis Iocht | Isle of Wight | English | |
Jersey | Geirsí | |||
Liverpool | Learpoll, Learpholl | Liverpool | English | |
London | Londain | London | English | |
Manchester | Manchain | Manchester | English | |
Orkney | Inse Orc | Arcaibh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Oxford | Áth na nDamh | Oxford | English | Calque, literally "ford of the oxen" |
Scotland | Albain | Alba | Scottish Gaelic | See Alba |
Stirling | Sruighle | Sruighlea | Scottish Gaelic | English name also used in Irish |
Wales | an Bhreatain Bheag | Cymru | Welsh | Literally "Little Britain" or "Lesser Britain."[4] |
York | Eabhrac | York | English | From the Latin Eboracum. |
Greece
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Language | Notes | |||
Athens | an Aithin | |||
Crete | an Chréit | |||
Rhodes | Ródas | |||
Thessaloniki | Teasaloinicé |
India
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Delhi | Deilí | |||
Kolkata | Calcúta |
Indonesia
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Jakarta | Iacárta | Jakarta | Indonesian |
Israel
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | Al-Quds | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
Yerushalayim (ירושלים) | Hebrew |
Italy
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Florence | Flórans | |||
Lombardy | an Lombaird | |||
Milan | Milan/ Milano[5] | |||
Piedmont | Píodmant | |||
Rome | an Róimh | |||
Sardinia | an tSairdín | |||
Sicily | an tSicil | |||
Tuscany | an Tuscáin | |||
Venice | an Veinéis |
Lithuania
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Vilnius | Vilnias | Vilnius | Lithuanian |
Poland
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Warsaw | Vársá | Warzawa | Polish |
Portugal
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Lisbon | Liospóin | Lisboa | Portuguese | |
Madeira | Maidéara |
Romania
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---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Bucharest | Búcairist | Bucureşti | Romanian |
Russia
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Moscow | Moscó | Moskva | Russian | |
Saint Petersburg | Cathair Pheadair | Sankt Peterburg | Russian | |
Siberia | an tSibéir | |||
Ural | an Úrail |
South Korea
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Seoul | Súl |
Spain
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
A Coruña | an Choróin | Obsolete | ||
Cathair na Cruinne | ||||
Aragon | an Aragóin | |||
Galicia | an Ghailís | |||
Mallorca | Mallarca | |||
Menorca | Mionarca | |||
Seville | Seville |
Sweden
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Götaland | an Ghotlann | Götaland | Swedish | |
Stockholm | Stócólm | Stockholm | Swedish |
Switzerland
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Geneva | an Ghinéiv | Genf | German | |
Genève | French |
Syria
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---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Damascus | an Damaisc | Dimašq | Standard Arabic |
Ukraine
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---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Crimea | an Chrimé | |||
Kiev | Cív | Kyiv | Ukrainian |
United Arab Emirates
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---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Abu Dhabi | Abú Daibí |
United States
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Boston | Bostún | Boston | English | |
Hawai'i | Haváí | Hawai'i | English, Hawaiian | |
New York City | Nua-Eabhrac | New York City | English | From the Latin Eboracum, the old name for York, England. |
Vietnam
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English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Hanoi | Hanáí | Hà Nội | Vietnamese |
References
- téarma.ie – Téarma – the National Terminology Database for Irish, developed by Fiontar (Dublin City University) in collaboration with An Coiste Téarmaíochta (Foras na Gaeilge)
- Molloy, Cian (2002). The Story of the Irish Pub. The Liffey Press. p. 14.
- "Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores, Or, Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland During the Middle Ages". Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts. September 18, 1887 – via Google Books.
- O'Curry, Eugene (July 20, 1878). "Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History: Delivered at the Catholic University of Ireland, During the Sessions of 1855 and 1856". William A. Hinch – via Google Books.
- McGarry, Patsy. "In a Word . . . Wales". The Irish Times.
- "Milan". tearma.ie - Dictionary of Irish Terms - Foclóir Téarmaíochta. Fiontar. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
See also
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