Indonesian military ranks

The Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) uses a simplified ranking system for the three branches of Indonesian Army, Indonesian Navy and Indonesian Air Force. Most of the ranks are similar with differences for the rank titles of the high-ranking officers. Exception exists, however, in the ranks of the service members of the Indonesian Marine Corps. While Indonesian Marine Corps is a branch of the Navy, the rank titles of the Marine Corps are the same as those of the Army, but it still uses the Navy's style insignia (for lower-ranking enlisted men, blue are replacing the red colour).

As said above, all services maintain the same rank insignia and title, with the main difference for officers are that high-ranking officers use their special titles, while officers below that rank use the similar title but followed by their respective branch/corps abbreviation. For example, an Army colonel with Infantry branch use the title "Kolonel INF.", which "INF" means "Infanteri" or "Infantry"; A Navy colonel with Supply Corps background use the title "Kolonel Laut (S)", in which "S" means "Suplai" or "Supply". Also, an Air Force Colonel with Electronical Engineering Corps background use the title "Kolonel (Lek)", in which "Lek" means "Elektronika" or "Electronics". There are no differences with enlisted personnel's title for Army and Air Force, but the Navy still use the personnel's branch/corps abbreviation behind the title.[1]

High-ranking officers use stars as their insignia, middle-rank officers use jasmine buds and lower-rank officer use bars. High-rank NCOs use wavy bars, NCOs use yellow chevrons, high-rank enlisted men use red chevrons (blue for Navy and Marine Corps) and lower-rank enlisted men use red bars (blue for Navy and Marine Corps).

Rank title

Ranks before 1957

The following ranks were used at the beginning of the establishment of the Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR, People's Security Armed Forces) in late 1945, the basis of the present day Indonesian National Armed Forces. This first rank system, with insignia following the former Imperial Japanese practice, was used until 1957.[2]

The TKR's Ground, Air and Naval Forces, later the Indonesian Army, Air Force, and Navy, used these ranks. (The same Army ranks were also used by the nascent Indonesian Marine Corps.)

Rank category Ranks of the TKR Ground Forces (until 1948),
Ranks of the Indonesian Army (1949–57)
Ranks of the Indonesian Marine Corps (formerly Corps Mariniers 1945-1948 and later Navy Commando Corps 1948-57)		 Ranks of the TKR Naval Forces (until 1948),
Ranks of the Indonesian Navy (1949–57)		 Ranks of the TKR Air Force (until 1948),
Ranks of the Indonesian Air Force (1949–57)
Generals,
flag officers,
air admirals		 Djenderal
(General)		 Laksamana I
(Admiral)		 Laksamana Udara
(Air Admiral)
Letnan Djenderal
(Lieutenant General)		 Laksamana II
(Vice Admiral)		 Laksamana Muda Udara
(Air Vice Admiral)
Djenderal Major
(Major General)		 Laksamana III
(Rear Admiral)		 Komodor Udara
(Air Commodore)
Senior officers Kolonel
(Colonel)		 Kolonel Laut
(Captain)		 Komodor Muda Udara
(Group Captain)
Letnan Kolonel
(Lieutenant Colonel)		 Letnan Kolonel Laut
(Commander)		 Opsir Udara I
(Wing Commander)
Mayor
(Major)		 Mayor Laut
(Lieutenant commander)		 Opsir Udara II
(Squadron Leader)
Junior officers Kapten
(Captain)		 Kapten Laut
(Lieutenant)		 Opsir Udara III
(Flight Lieutenant)
Letnan I
(First Lieutenant)		 Letnan Laut
(Sub-lieutenant)		 Opsir Muda Udara I
(Flying Officer)
Letnan II
(Second Lieutenant)		 Letnan Muda Laut
(Ensign)		 Opsir Muda Udara II
(Pilot Officer)
Non-commissioned officers Letnan Muda,
Pembantu Letnan (Warrant Officer)		 Adjudan
(Adjutant)		 Opsir Muda Udara III
(Warrant Officer,
Master Aircrew)
Sersan Major
(Sergeant Major)		 Sersan Major
(Chief petty officer)		 Sersan Major
(Sergeant Major)
Sersan
(Sergeant)		 Sersan
(Petty Officer)		 Sersan
(Sergeant)
Enlisted men,
ratings		 Kopral
(Corporal)		 Kopral
(Leading Seaman)		 Kopral
(Corporal)
Pradjurit I
(Private First Class)		 Kelasi I
(Able Seaman)		 Pradjurit I
(Airman First Class)
Pradjurit II
(Private)		 Kelasi II
(Seaman)		 Pradjurit II
(Airman)

Ranks between 1957–73

The rank system was updated by yet another Government Regulation on 22 June 1957.[3] The Army received the Brigadier General rank, the Navy flag officer ranks were replaced by new ones (Admiral, Vice Admiral, Rear Admiral and Commodore replacing Admiral 1st Class, Admiral 2nd Class and Admiral 3rd Class) and the Air Force flag officer ranks replaced to be similar with Navy (with special title "Udara"). The ranks remained Army-style in the Army and Navy and army-style ranks were formally introduced into the air force. NCOs and Enlisted ranks and ratings became different per service branch. Although the government regulation did not specifically mention rank to be used in Naval Commando Corps, the rank system of Army is beginning to be used in Naval Commando Corps (Marine Corps today)

Rank Category Indonesian Army,
Naval Commando Corps
 Indonesian Navy Indonesian Air Force
Generals,
flag officers,
air marshals		 Jenderal
(General)		 Laksamana
(Admiral)		 Laksamana Udara
(Air Admiral)
Letnan Jenderal
(Lieutenant General)		 Laksamana Madya
(Vice Admiral)		 Laksamana Madya Udara
(Air Vice Admiral)
Jenderal Mayor
(Major General)		 Laksamana Muda
(Rear Admiral)		 Laksamana Muda Udara
(Air Rear Admiral)
Brigadir Jenderal
(Brigadier General)		 Komodor
(Commodore)		 Komodor Udara
(Air Commodore)
Field officers Kolonel
(Colonel)		 Kolonel Laut
(Captain)		 Kolonel Udara
(Colonel)
Letnan Kolonel
(Lieutenant Colonel)		 Letnan Kolonel Laut
(Commander)		 Letnan Kolonel Udara
(Lieutenant Colonel)
Mayor
(Major)		 Mayor
(Lieutenant Commander)		 Mayor Udara
(Major)
Junior grade officers Kapten
(Captain)		 Kapten
(Lieutenant)		 Kapten Udara
(Captain)
Letnan I
(First Lieutenant)		 Letnan
(Lieutenant junior grade)		 Letnan Udara I
(First Lieutenant)
Letnan II
(Second Lieutenant)		 Letnan Muda
(Ensign)		 Letnan Udara II
(Second Lieutenant)
Warrant officers and non-commissioned personnel Pembantu Letnan I
(Chief Warrant Officer)		 Pembantu Letnan
(Warrant Officer)		 Letnan Muda Udara I
(Warrant Officer Class 1)
Pembantu Letnan Calon Perwira
(Warrant Officer Class 1)
Pembantu Letnan II
(Warrant Officer Class 2)		 Ajudan
(Adjutant)		 Letnan Muda Udara II
(Warrant Officer Class 2)
Sersan Major
(Sergeant Major)		 Sersan Major I
(Master Chief Petty Officer)		 Sersan Major Udara
(Sergeant Major)
Sersan Mayor II
(Senior Chief Petty Officer)
Sersan Kepala
(Staff Sergeant)		 Sersan I (Chief Petty Officer) Sersan Udara I (Flight Sergeant)
Sersan I
(Sergeant First Class)
Sersan II
(Sergeant)		 Sersan II
(Petty Officer 1st Class)		 Sersan Udara II
(Sergeant)
Enlisted personnel,
ratings		 Kopral Kepala (Master Corporal) Kopral
(Petty Officer 2nd Class)		 Kopral Udara I
(Corporal)
Kopral I
(Corporal)
Kopral II
(Lance Corporal)		 Kopral Udara II
(Lance Corporal)
Prajurit Kader
(Specialist)		 Kelasi I (Seaman) Prajurit Udara I
(Airman First Class)
Prajurit I
(Private First Class)
Prajurit II
(Private)		 Kelasi II
(Seaman Apprentice)		 Prajurit Udara II
(Airman)
Kelasi III
(Seaman Recruit)

Changes between 1973–90

Government Regulation No. 24/ 1973,[4] updated the rank system once again, the changes were as follows:

  • Perwira Tinggi (PATI) (General Officers, Flag Officers, and Air Officers)
    • Ranks of General, Lieutenant General, Major General, Brigadier General are used in the Army, the Naval Commando Corps (Marine Corps today), and the Police.
    • Ranks of Admiral, Vice Admiral, and Rear Admiral are to be maintained in the Navy and the rank of Commodore (lit. 'First Admiral') introduced
    • Air Chief Marshal, Air Marshal, Air Vice Marshal, and Air Commodore are to be used in the Air Force
  • Perwira Menengah (PAMEN) (Field Officers), used same rank system in all branches of armed forces.
  • Perwira Pertama (PAMA) (Subaltern Officers), used same rank system in all branches of armed forces.
  • Bintara Tinggi (BATI) (Warrant Officers), used same Army rank system in all branches of armed forces.
  • Bintara (NCOs), used same rank system in all branches of armed forces.
  • Tamtama (Higher Enlisted Rank or Corporal), used Navy and Air Force rank system in all branches of the armed forces.
  • Tamtama (Lower Enlisted Rank)
    • Private is used in the Army, the Naval Commando Corps (Marine Corps today), and the Air Force (equivalent to Airman)
    • Seamen is used in the Navy
    • Agent is used in the Police (later restricted to the Mobile Brigade and Water Police, all policemen in the other branches would later start directly as Sergeants)

Changes between 1990–97

During this period, there are minor changes of rank system in all branch of the armed forces, which are removal of rank of senior warrant officer and new enlisted ranks introduced (Master Corporal and Petty Officer 1st Class and Master Private, Seaman and Senior Airman). Those changes are based on Government Regulation No.6/ 1990.[5]

Changes between 1997–2010

Government Regulation No. 32/ 1997 regarding the rank system of armed forces[6] was issued. The primary difference with previous regulation are new five-star honorary rank for all branches of the armed forces was introduced and warrant officers rank was re-introduced.

Current ranks 2010–present

Five-star honorary rank for all branches of the armed forces are no longer regulated on the latest regulation.[1]

The ranks and rank insignia used today come from the Armed Forces rank regulations of 1990 and 1997, themselves revisions of the first rank regulations published in 1973 to use the current system. All three branches have the same rank titles at the same paygrades, except for the Perwira Tinggi (General Officers, Flag Officers, and Air Officers) and the Tamtama (Lower Rank Enlisted) of the Navy and Air Force.

Rank insignia

All branches of the armed forces maintain the same rank insignia, with minor color difference in insignia background. Since, all services have at least three type of uniform (Service dress uniform (Pakaian Dinas Harian / PDH), Full dress uniform (Pakaian Dinas Upacara}} / PDU), and Field uniform (Pakaian Dinas Lapangan / PDL)), there are three different insignia style corresponding to type of uniform. Aside from type of the uniform above, The Navy has uniform for wear in oversea service, officially known as Black Navy. When wearing such uniform, officers wear their ranks as gold stripes on their lower sleeves. The number and width of the stripes for each rank is similar to that of the United States Navy.

The rank insignia for same services are also differentiated by red piping (command) or no piping (staff) at the sides of the boards.

Note: Indonesia is not a member of NATO, so there is no official equivalence between the Indonesian military ranks and those defined by NATO. The displayed parallel is approximate and for illustration purposes only.

Commissioned officers

The rank insignia for commissioned officers for the army, navy and air force respectively.[7][8][9]

Equivalent
NATO code		OF-10OF-9OF-8OF-7OF-6OF-5OF-4OF-3OF-2OF-1OF(D) and student officer
 Indonesian Army
 No equivalent
Jenderal Besar Jenderal Letnan Jenderal Mayor Jenderal Brigadir Jenderal Kolonel Letnan Kolonel Mayor Kapten Letnan Satu Letnan Dua
General of the Army General Lieutenant General Major General Brigadier General Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Major Captain First Lieutenant Second Lieutenant
Army rank insginia
on PDU
Army rank insginia
on PDL
 Indonesian Navy
Laksamana Besar Laksamana Laksamana Madya Laksamana Muda Laksamana Pertama Kolonel Letnan Kolonel Mayor Kapten Letnan Satu Letnan Dua
Admiral of the Fleet Admiral Vice Admiral Rear Admiral Commodore Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Major Captain First Lieutenant Second Lieutenant
Navy rank insginia
on PDU
Navy rank insginia
on PDL
Navy sleeve rank
on Black Navy uniform		 No insignia
 Indonesian Air Force
Marsekal Besar Marsekal Marsekal Madya Marsekal Muda Marsekal Pertama Kolonel Letnan Kolonel Mayor Kapten Letnan Satu Letnan Dua
Marshal of the Air Force Air Chief Marshal Air Marshal Air Vice Marshal Air Commodore Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Major Captain First Lieutenant Second Lieutenant
Air Force rank insginia
on PDU
Air Force rank insginia
on PDL
Equivalent
NATO code		OF-10OF-9OF-8OF-7OF-6OF-5OF-4OF-3OF-2OF-1OF(D) and student officer

Enlisted

The rank insignia for enlisted personnel for the army, navy and air force respectively.[7][8][9]

Equivalent
NATO code		OR-9OR-8OR-7OR-6OR-5OR-4OR-3OR-2OR-1
 Indonesian Army
Pembantu Letnan Satu Pembantu Letnan Dua Sersan Mayor Sersan Kepala Sersan Satu Sersan Dua Kopral Kepala Kopral Satu Kopral Dua Prajurit Kepala Prajurit Satu Prajurit Dua
Chief Warrant Officer Warrant Officer Sergeant Major Master Sergeant Staff Sergeant Sergeant Master corporal Corporal Lance corporal Master Private Private First Class Private
Army rank insginia
on PDU
Army rank insginia
on PDL
 Indonesian Navy
Pembantu Letnan Satu Pembantu Letnan Dua Sersan Mayor Sersan Kepala Sersan Satu Sersan Dua Kopral Kepala Kopral Satu Kopral Dua Kelasi Kepala Kelasi Satu Kelasi Dua
Chief Warrant Officer Warrant Officer Master Chief Petty Officer First Class Master Chief Petty Officer Second Class Senior Chief Petty Officer Chief Petty Officer Petty Officer First Class Petty Officer Second Class Petty Officer Third Class Seaman Seaman Apprentice Seaman recruit
Navy rank insginia
on PDU
Navy rank insginia
on PDL
 Indonesian Air Force
Pembantu Letnan Satu Pembantu Letnan Dua Sersan Mayor Sersan Kepala Sersan Satu Sersan Dua Kopral Kepala Kopral Satu Kopral Dua Prajurit Kepala Prajurit Satu Prajurit Dua
Chief Warrant Officer Warrant Officer Sergeant Major Master Sergeant Staff Sergeant Sergeant Master Corporal Corporal Lance Corporal Senior Airman Airman First Class Airman
Air Force rank insginia
for PDU
Air Force rank insginia
on PDL
Equivalent
NATO Code		OR-9OR-8OR-7OR-6OR-5OR-4OR-3OR-2OR-1

See also

References
  1. "Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 39 Tahun 2010 Tentang Administrasi Prajurit Tentara Nasional Indonesia" [Government Regulation No 39 Year 2010 Regarding Administration of Armed Forces Personnel].  No. 39 of 2010 (PDF) (in Indonesian). Government of Indonesia.
  2. Peraturan Pemerintah No.21 Tahun 1949 Tentang Gaji Militer. Lampiran A.
  3. Peraturan Pemerintah No.24 Tahun 1957 Tentang Peraturan Pangkat-pangkat Militer dalam Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia. Lampiran A. Lembaran Negara Tahun 1957 Nomor. 65.
  4. Peraturan Pemerintah No.24 Tahun 1973 Tentang Kepangkatan Militer/Polisi Dalam Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah No 24 Tahun 1973.
  5. "Peraturan Pemerintah No.6 Tahun 1990 Tentang Administrasi Prajurit Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia". Government Regulation No. 6 of 1990 (in Indonesian).
  6. "Peraturan Pemerintah No.32 Tahun 1997 Tentang Administrasi Prajurit Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia". Government Regulation No. 32 of 1997 (in Indonesian).
  7. "Pangkat Harian". tni.mil.id. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  8. "Pangkat Upacara". tni.mil.id. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  9. "Pangkat Lapangan". tni.mil.id. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
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