INSAT-1D

INSAT-1D was 4th and the concluding multipurpose geostationary satellite of INSAT-1 (first generation Indian National Satellite) series. It was launched on June 12, 1990.[7][8][9][10][11]

INSAT-1D (Full name: Indian National Satellite - 1D)
Mission typeCommunications, Cloud Observation
OperatorINSAT
COSPAR ID1990-051A
SATCAT no.20643
Mission duration7 years
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft typeINSAT-1
ManufacturerFord Aerospace
Launch mass1,190 kilograms (2,620 lb) (Lift - off Mass)[1]
Dry mass550 kilograms (1,210 lb)[1]
Power1000 W (Solar array);[1] Nominal Power: 1200.0 W [2]
Start of mission
Launch dateJune 12, 1990, 05:52:00 UTC [3][4]
RocketDelta 4925[5]
Launch siteCape Canaveral LC-17B
ContractorNASA
Deployment date (2021-01-19UTC03:45:22Z) UTC
End of mission
DisposalDecommissioned (mission life over)[1]
Deactivated14 May 2002 (2002-05-15)
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric
RegimeGeostationary
Longitude83° east [1]
Semi-major axis42,164.88 kilometres (26,200.04 mi)
Eccentricity0.0012393
Perigee altitude35,741 kilometres (22,208 mi)
Apogee altitude35,846 kilometres (22,274 mi)
Inclination14.30 degrees[6]
Period23.93 hours
Epoch14 November 2013, 15:52:38 UTC[6]
 

Importance of INSAT-1D satellite

Similar to all other INSAT systems, INSAT-1D was also a joint venture of DOS (Department of Space), DOT (Department of Telecommunications), IMD (Indian Meteorological Department), AIR (All India Radio). The objectives of INSAT-1D were meteorological observations over India and the Indian Ocean, and search & rescue services, domestic telecommunications (nationwide direct TV broadcasting, TV program distribution, meteorological data distribution, etc.). Meteorological Data Utilization Center (MDUC, at Delhi), under IMD, was authorized for the dissemination and distribution of INSAT meteorological images and ancillary data. Master Control Facility of DOS was decided to take responsibility for the operation of the INSAT space segment.[12]

But the success of this launch meant a lot to India - a country that was setting up own national computer networks. Relying on a lot of communication circuits, microwave, coaxial and fibre-optic telecommunication links throughout the country causes a huge problem; and thus the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) planned at the start of the INSAT-1 series to always have at least two satellites in space to meet the increasing demand of telecommunication links for India's civilian community. INSAT-1A and INSAT-1C had already faced immature death and their plans had suffered a serious setback. Another satellite INSAT-1B, launched in 1983 had already exceeded its planned seven year working life.[13]

Launch

INSAT 1D was built by Ford Aerospace (now Loral Inc) for the Indian National Satellite System.[14] Initially, the launch was scheduled on 29 June 1989. Unfortunately, 10 days before that, during launch preparation, a launch pad hoist cable broke and a crane hook fell on it damaging its C-band reflector. The fully insured satellite was repaired by Ford Aerospace at a reported cost of $10 million. But that mishap was followed solar panel damage of cost $150,000 suffered during the 1989 San Francisco earthquake. The satellite was finally Delta-launched from Cape Canaveral, United States. It had a 7-year life expectancy.[2]

Structure

The satellite was box-shaped, measuring 2.18 × 1.55 × 1.42 metres (7.2 × 5.1 × 4.7 ft).[2][1] A solar sail and 11.5-square-metre (124 sq ft) solar panel extended overall length to 19.4 m (64 ft) when deployed. It was housed 12 C-band transponders for telephone and data communications and two S-band transponders for direct broadcast service. A very high resolution radiometer (VHRR) was installed for meteorological imagery for long-term weather forecasting, storm warning and resource management.[1]

INSAT-1D played a vital role in replacing INSAt-1B. Moreover, at that moment India already had hired Arabsat's 12 transponders at high cost (the rate of $800,000 per transponder per year). Failure of 1D mission would compel the government to hire more transponders.[13]

See also

References
  1. "ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru - SALIENT FEATURES OF INSAT-1D".
  2. "NASA-INSAT 1D (NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1990-051A)". NASA.
  3. "Archived ISRO Website". Archived from the original on 2014-10-17.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  4. McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  5. "Department of Space Indian Space Research Organization - INSAT-1D". dos.gov.in. 12 June 1990.
  6. "INSAT 1B Satellite details 1983-089B NORAD 14318". N2YO. 14 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  7. "Press Information Bureau (pib.nic.in) - Fact Sheet about SPACE PROGRAMME". 2000.
  8. "Open Access Digital Repository of Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India - Southern hemispheric forcing at revealed by INSAT-1D during summer monsoon, 1991". Mahajan, PN (1993) Southern hemispheric forcing at revealed by INSAT-1D during summer monsoon, 1991. Vayu Mandal, 23. pp. 7-13. 1991.
  9. "SSL (Space Systems Loral) - INSAT-1D".
  10. "Satellite: INSAT-1D". Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review Tool.
  11. "Second generation Indian national satellite system space segment — INSAT II". 18. 2012: 309–323. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. "INSAT-2". eoPortal.
  13. "Filling a crucial gap; The satellite will improve vital communication links". Amarnath K. Mknon, India Today. July 15, 1990.
  14. Krebs, Gunter. "Insat 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
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