Homer E. Capehart

Homer Earl Capehart (June 6, 1897 – September 3, 1979) was an American businessman and politician from Indiana.[1] After serving in the United States Army during World War I, he became involved in the manufacture of record players and other products. Capehart later served 18 years (1945–1963) in the U.S. Senate as a Republican from Indiana. Initially an isolationist on foreign policy, he took a more internationalist stance in later years; he retired after a narrow defeat for a fourth term in 1962.

Homer E. Capehart
United States Senator from Indiana
In office January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1963
Preceded by	William E. Jenner
Succeeded by	Birch Bayh
Personal details
Born	Homer Earl Capehart June 6, 1897 Algiers, Indiana
Died	September 3, 1979 (aged 82) Indianapolis, Indiana
Resting place	Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis, Indiana
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Irma Viola Mueller Capehart
Children	2 sons, 1 daughter
Signature
Military service
Branch/service	U.S. Army
Years of service	1917–1919
Rank	Sergeant
Unit	Infantry, Quartermaster Corps
Battles/wars	World War I

Early life

Capehart was born in Algiers, Indiana, in Pike County, the son of Susan (Kelso) and Alvin T. Capehart, a tenant farmer.[2] During World War I, he enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1917, served in the infantry and supply corps, and was discharged as a sergeant in 1919.[1]

Business career

Capehart attained fame as the father of the jukebox industry.[3] He worked for the company Holcomb and Hoke, which made record players and popcorn machines, until 1928. He started his own company in 1928, and was forced out of the company by investors in 1931. The company was taken over as one of the divisions in the new Farnsworth Radio and Television Company in 1939.[4] In 1932, Capehart formed a new company called Packard. Packard developed the Simplex mechanism for automatic record changing, and sold the device to Wurlitzer. The entire company was eventually bought by Wurlitzer.

Political career

Capehart's career in the music industry made him wealthy and provided a path to the national political stage.[3] Being the center-point for a Republican Party revolution in Indiana and the Midwest, mainly by sponsoring a huge "Cornfield-Conference" on one of his farms in 1938.[5][6] Capehart was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 1944, narrowly defeating Henry Schricker, going on to win subsequent victories in 1950 against Alexander M. Campbell and in 1956 against Claude R. Wickard. When first elected to the Senate at the height of World War II, Capehart supported efforts to compromise with the Japanese on terms of surrender in the summer of 1945 when minority leader Wallace H. White, Jr. stated that the war might end sooner if President Truman would state specifically in the upper chamber just what unconditional surrender meant for the Japanese. After 1945, Capehart was critical of the Truman administration and the military for their postwar policies in Germany, accusing Truman and General Dwight D. Eisenhower of a conspiracy to starve the remains of the German nation.

Throughout the 1950s, Capehart was constantly at odds with his Senate colleague William E. Jenner, a staunch isolationist Republican who consistently opposed President Eisenhower's "modern-Republicanism." Capehart, although an isolationist himself during his first term in the Senate, became increasingly more internationalist during his later years in the Senate and this eventually led to the split with Jenner.

By 1959, Jenner had retired and Democrat Vance Hartke had taken his place. Capehart was extremely critical of President Kennedy and his New Frontier programs, such as Medicare and the Peace Corps. In 1962, Capehart attained his greatest popularity and what would ultimately become his lasting legacy as one of the key figures in the Cuban Missile Crisis by calling for a "crack-down on Cuba" and warning of a missile build-up on the island. Kennedy, before receiving the famous spy-plane photos, thought Capehart was "inventing an issue." This was not the case and Capehart, although not appreciated at the time, has come to be seen in a more positive light because of his early and aggressive stances on Cuba.

Capehart also backed, with Senator Kenneth Wherry of Nebraska, legislation for building military family housing in the post-World War II era, when there were critical shortages of such housing. His support of public housing for veterans was part of his support of a strong defense, which he considered a legitimate use of public money. However, he opposed social welfare programs to give away houses to the poor at public expense as unconstitutional. In 1955, the U.S. Senate initiated a groundbreaking bill which authorized the construction of 540,000 public housing units over four years. Capehart, believing the bill was socialistic in nature, and lacking enough support to kill it, introduced an amendment which would have reduced the authorization to 35,000 units. Although Capehart thought he had enough votes to pass his amendment (even going so far as to tell majority leader Lyndon Johnson on the morning of the vote, "this time I'm going to rub your nose in shit"), his amendment was defeated by last-minute maneuvering engineered by Johnson.[7] Capehart voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960,[8][9] but did not vote on the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.[10]

Capehart was also an advocate of clean air legislation, and briefly served on the United States Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management with Kennedy, Barry Goldwater, and Karl Mundt.[11]

Later life

In the 1962 election, Capehart was narrowly defeated by 34-year-old Birch Bayh. He retired to his farming and business interests in Indiana, occasionally returning to Washington to provide both foreign policy and domestic-issue advice; jaded by the Watergate scandal, he became increasingly critical of President Richard Nixon.

Capehart died at age 82 at St. Vincent Hospital in Indianapolis in 1979 and is buried at its Crown Hill Cemetery.

He is honored (along with Indiana Senator Sherman Minton) in the Minton-Capehart Federal Building near the Indiana World War Memorial Plaza in downtown Indianapolis. His name is also memorialized in the Capehart Room in the Old Dorm Block of Reed College, which once contained a record player that Capehart had donated to the college.[12]

Both his son Thomas C. Capehart and daughter-in-law were killed aboard Avianca Flight 671 on January 21, 1960.[13]

References

1. Smith, J.Y. (September 5, 1979). "Former Senator Capehart of Indiana dies at 82". Washington Post. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
2. Cook, Joan (1979-09-05). "Homer E. Capehart is Dead at 82; Was 3‐Term Senator from Indiana". The New York Times.
3. Pickett, William B. (1986). "Homer E. Capehart: Phonograph Entrepreneur". Indiana Magazine of History. 82 (3): 264–276. JSTOR 27790996.
4. Fortune Magazine Feb 1941
5. Indiana Public Media. The Great Cornfield Conference
6. Ralph D. Gray, Indiana History: A Book of Readings (1994), p. 335-341.
7. Caro, Robert A. (2002). The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Master of the Senate. Random House. p. 606. ISBN 0-394-52836-0.
8. "HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957". GovTrack.us.
9. "HR. 8601. PASSAGE OF AMENDED BILL".
10. "S.J. RES. 29. APPROVAL OF RESOLUTION BANNING THE POLL TAX AS PREREQUISITE FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS". GovTrack.us.
11. Hersh, Burton (2007). Bobby and J. Edgar: The Historic Face-Off Between The Kennedys and J. Edgar Hoover that Transformed America. New York: Basic Books. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-465-00607-6.
12. Sheehy, John (2012). Comrades of the Quest: An Oral History of Reed College. Oregon State University Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-87071-667-6.
13. "17 Americans Among 37 Lost in Air Crash". Los Angeles Times. 22 January 1960. p. 2.

Further reading

• Pickett, William B. (1990). Homer E. Capehart: A Senator's Life, 1897-1979. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. ISBN 0-87-195054-5. OCLC 22182601.
• Pickett, William B. Biography: Homer E. Capehart, 1969-1973. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Center for Documentary Research and Practice, Indiana University Center for History and Memory. ohrc015.
• Pickett, William B. (1999). "Homer Earl Capehart". In Garraty, John A.; Carnes, Mark C. (eds.). American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0700585.

External links

• US Senate biography
• Jukeboxes made by Sen. Capehart's Packard Company
• A film clip "Longines Chronoscope with Homer Capehart" is available at the Internet Archive
• A film clip "Longines Chronoscope with Homer E. Capehart" is available at the Internet Archive
• Indiana History – Homer Capehart papers
• Homer E. Capehart at Find a Grave