Haplogroup Q-M346

Haplogroup Q-M346 is a subclade of Y-DNA Haplogroup Q. Haplogroup Q-M346 is defined by the presence of the M346 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).

Haplogroup Q-M346
Possible time of origin	24,100-27,900 BP
Possible place of origin	Eurasia
Ancestor	Q-MEH2[1]
Descendants	Q-L54, Q-M323[1]
Defining mutations	L56, L57, M346 [1]

Origin and distribution

Q-M346 was discovered in Central Asia and announced in Sengupta 2006.[2] A latter paper suggested that its ancestral state was isolated to India,[3] but this has since been refuted by its presence in West Asia,[4] Europe and the Americas.[5]

Asia

Q-M346 has a wide distribution across much of Asia.[6][7][8][9]

Population		Paper	N	Percentage	SNP Tested
Altaians		Malyarchuk 2011 [6]	23/89	~25.8%	M346
Khakassians		Malyarchuk 2011 [6]	4/64	~6.3%	M346
Todjins		Malyarchuk 2011 [6]	10/26	~38.5%	M346
Tuvinians		Malyarchuk 2011 [6]	41/108	~38.0%	M346
Sojots		Malyarchuk 2011 [6]	2/28	~7.1%	M346
Kalmyks		Malyarchuk 2011 [6]	1/60	~1.7%	M346
Halba		Sengupta 2006 [2]	1/21	~4.76%	M346
Makrani		Sengupta 2006 [2]	1/20	~5.00%	M346
Pathan		Sengupta 2006 [2]	2/21	~5.00%	M346
Brahmin (Uttar Pradesh)		Sengupta 2006 [2]	1/14	~7.14%	M346
Vellalar		Sengupta 2006 [2]	1/31	~3.23%	M346
Pakistan		Abu-Amero 2009 [7]	3/176	~1.70%	M346
Kazakhs (Southwest Altai)		Dulik 2011 [8]	1/30	~3.33%	M346
Chelkan		Dulik 2012 [9]	15/25	~60.00%	M346
Tubalar		Dulik 2012 [9]	10/27	~37.00%	M346

The Americas

In the Americas, the founding paternal lineages include those who are Q-M346 but do not belong to the Q-M3 lineage.[5][10]

Population		Paper	N	Percentage	SNP Tested
Enxet		Bailliet 2009 [5]	7/24	~29.20%	M346
Ayoreo		Bailliet 2009 [5]	2/9	~22.20%	M346
Wichi		Bailliet 2009 [5]	1/120	~0.80%	M346
Mocovi		Bailliet 2009 [5]	2/40	~5.00%	M346
Mapuche		Bailliet 2009 [5]	1/26	~3.80%	M346
Salta		Bailliet 2009 [5]	3/72	~4.80%	M346
Cordoba		Bailliet 2009 [5]	1/156	~0.60%	M346
Huilliche		Bailliet 2009 [5]	1/26	~3.80%	M346
La Paz		Bailliet 2009 [5]	1/29	~3.40%	M346
Tarija		Bailliet 2009 [5]	4/72	~5.50%	M346

Associated SNPs

Q-M346 is marked by the presence of the M346 SNP. Since the discovery of M346 several additional SNPs have been found to also be associated with Q-M346. These SNP's include: L56 and L57. These SNPs appear to be "parallel" to M346.[1]

Subgroups

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft tree Proposed Tree for haplogroup Q-M346. The first three levels of subclades are shown. Additional detail is provided on the linked branch article pages.[1]

• Q-MEH2 MEH2, L472, L528
  • Q-M346 M346, L56, L57, L474, L892, L942
    • Q-M323 M323
    • Q-L717 L717, L718
    • Q-L940 L940
      • Q-L527 L527, L529, L639
      • Q-L933 L933, L938, L941
    • Q-L53 L53, L55, L213, L331, L475, L476
      • Q-L54 L54

See also

• Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades

• Q-M242
• Q-L275
• Q-L330
• Q-L717
• Q-L940
• Q-L53
• Q-L54
• Q-M120
• Q-M25
• Q-M3
• Q-M323
• Q-M346
• Q-NWT01
• Q-P89.1
• Q-Z780

Y-DNA backbone tree

Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
	"Y-chromosomal Adam"
		A00	A0-T [χ 3]
			A0	A1 [χ 4]
				A1a	A1b
					A1b1		BT
							B	CT
								DE						CF
							D	E		C		F
															F1	F2		F3	GHIJK
																				G	HIJK
																					IJK	H
														IJ	K
									I	J		LT [χ 5]		K2 [χ 6]
																L	T		K2a [χ 7]	K2b [χ 8]	K2c	K2d	K2e [χ 9]
																			K-M2313 [χ 10]		K2b1 [χ 11]	P [χ 12]
																			NO		S [χ 13]	M [χ 14]		P1	P2
																		N	O			Q	R
Y-DNA by population Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people Footnotes  Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809. International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.) Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4). Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4. Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1. Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT. Haplogroup K2a (M2308) and its primary subclade K-M2313 were separated from Haplogroup NO (F549) in 2016. (This followed the publication of: Poznik GD, Xue Y, Mendez FL, et al. (2016). "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences". Nature Genetics. 48 (6): 593–9. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. PMC 4884158. PMID 27111036. In the past, other haplogroups, including NO (M214) and K2e had also been identified with the name "K2a". Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS. Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a). K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017) Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure. Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2. Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.) Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

References

1. Krahn, Thomas. "FTDNA Draft Y-DNA Tree (AKA YTree)". Family Tree DNA. Archived from the original on 2015-08-15. Retrieved 2012. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
2. Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; Sil, Samir K. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
3. Sharma, Swarkar; Rai, Ekta; Bhat, Audesh K; Bhanwer, Amarjit S; Bamezai, Rameshwar NK (2007). "A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q in India". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7: 232. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-232. PMC 2258157. PMID 18021436.
4. Abu-Amero, Khaled K; Hellani, Ali; González, Ana M; Larruga, Jose M; Cabrera, Vicente M; Underhill, Peter A (2009). "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions". BMC Genetics. 10: 59. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59. PMC 2759955. PMID 19772609.
5. Bailliet, Graciela; Ramallo, Virginia; Muzzio, Marina; García, Angelina; Santos, María R.; Alfaro, Emma L.; Dipierri, José E.; Salceda, Susana; Carnese, Francisco R. (2009). "Brief communication: Restricted geographic distribution for Y-Q* paragroup in South America". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 140 (3): 578–82. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21133. PMID 19591214.
6. Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011). "Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (8): 583–8. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64. PMID 21677663.
7. K. Abu-Amero, Khaled; et al. (2009). "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions". BMC Genetics. 10: 59. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59. PMC 2759955. PMID 19772609.
8. Dulik, Matthew C.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Schurr, Theodore G. (2011). Kayser, Manfred (ed.). "Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions". PLOS ONE. 6 (3): e17548. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...617548D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017548. PMC 3055870. PMID 21412412.
9. Dulik, Matthew C.; Zhadanov, Sergey I.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Askapuli, Ayken; Gau, Lydia; Gokcumen, Omer; Rubinstein, Samara; Schurr, Theodore G. (2012). "Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 90 (2): 229–46. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014. PMC 3276666. PMID 22281367.
10. Bisso-Machado, Rafael; Jota, Marilza S.; Ramallo, Virginia; Paixão-Côrtes, Vanessa R.; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bonatto, Sandro L.; Santos, Fabrício R.; Bortolini, Maria Cátira (2011). "Distribution of Y-chromosome q lineages in native americans". American Journal of Human Biology. 23 (4): 563–6. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21173. PMID 21544893. S2CID 8730722.

External links

• The Y-DNA Haplogroup Q Project