Haplogroup Q-L275

Haplogroup Q-L275 or Haplogroup Q2 (formerly Haplogroup Q1b) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup believed to have originated in Eurasia. Haplogroup Q-L275 is defined by the presence of the L275 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Haplogroup Q-L275 can be identified through genealogical DNA testing.

Haplogroup Q-L275 or Q2
Possible place of originEurasia
AncestorQ-M242
DescendantsQ-M378
Defining mutationsL275, L314, L606, L612

Distribution

Q-L275 has descendants across Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia.

The Americas

Q-L275 has not been identified in pre-Columbian groups in the Americas. Potential sources in indigenous populations are European colonists and religious missionaries.

South Asia

The problematic phylogeny sampling of early studies has been demonstrated by subsequent studies that have found the Q-M378 descendant branch in South Asia.

West Asia

According to Behar et al. 5% of Ashkenazi males belong to haplogroup Q.[1] This has subsequently been found to be entirely Q-L275's Q-M378 subclade and may be further restricted to the Q-L245 branch.

Subclade Distribution

Q-L245 This branch was discovered by citizen scientists. It is a descendant branch of the Q-M378 lineage and is the most common branch in West Asian groups such as Iranians and Jewish populations.

Q-L272.1 This branch was discovered by citizen scientists. It has only been identified in one Sicilian sample.

Q-L301 This branch was discovered by citizen scientists. They have identified it in two unrelated Iranian samples.

Q-L315 This branch was discovered by citizen scientists. It has only been identified in one Ashkenazi Jewish sample. Thus, it is presumed to have arisen after the Q-L245 branch to which it belongs became part of the pre-Diaspora Jewish population.

Q-L327 This branch was discovered by citizen scientists. It has only been identified in one Azorean sample.

Q-L619.2 This branch was discovered by citizen scientists. They have identified it in two unrelated Armenian samples.

Q-P306 This branch was discovered by the University of Arizona research group headed by Dr. Michael Hammer in a Southeast Asian sample. It has been identified by citizen scientists in South Asians.

Q-M378 — It is widely distributed in Europe, South Asia, and West Asia. It is found among samples of Hazaras and Sindhis.[2] It has been found in one individual in a small sample of eleven Lachungpa in Sikkim.[3] It is also found in the Uyghurs of North-Western China in two separate groups.[4] The Q-M378 subclade and specifically its Q-L245 subbranch is speculated to be the branch to which Q-M242 men in Jewish Diaspora populations belong.[1][5] Although published articles have not tested for M378 in Jewish populations, genetic genealogists from the Ashkenazi, Mizrachi, and Sephardi Jewish populations have tested positive for both M378 and L245.

Associated SNPs

Q-L275 is currently defined by the SNPs L275, L314, L606, and L612.

Subgroups

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft tree Proposed Tree for haplogroup Q-L275.

  • L275, L314, L606, L612
    • M378, L214, L215
      • L245
        • L272.1
        • L315
        • L619.2
      • L301
      • P306
      • L327

See also

Y-DNA Q-M242 Subclades

Y-DNA Backbone Tree
Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
"Y-chromosomal Adam"
A00 A0-T [χ 3]
A0 A1 [χ 4]
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
F1  F2  F3  GHIJK
G HIJK
IJK H
IJ K
I   J     LT [χ 5]       K2 [χ 6]
L     T    K2a [χ 7]        K2b [χ 8]     K2c     K2d K2e [χ 9]  
K-M2313 [χ 10]     K2b1 [χ 11] P [χ 12]
NO   S [χ 13]  M [χ 14]    P1     P2
N O Q R

References
  1. Behar, Doron M.; Garrigan, Daniel; Kaplan, Matthew E.; Mobasher, Zahra; Rosengarten, Dror; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Ostrer, Harry; Skorecki, Karl (2004). "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations". Human Genetics. 114 (4): 354–65. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1073-7. PMID 14740294. S2CID 10310338.
  2. Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; Sil, Samir K. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
  3. Monojit Debnath; Malliya G Palanichamy; Bikash Mitra; Jie-Qiong Jin; Tapas K Chaudhuri; Ya-Ping Zhang (2011). "Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in the sub-Himalayan Terai and Duars populations of East India". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (11): 765–771. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.98. PMID 21900945.
  4. Zhong, H.; Shi, H.; Qi, X.-B.; Duan, Z.-Y.; Tan, P.-P.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Ma, R. Z. (2010). "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (1): 717–27. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID 20837606.
  5. Adams, S. M.; Bosch, E.; Balaresque, P. L.; Ballereau, S. J.; Lee, A. C.; Arroyo, E.; López-Parra, A. M.; Aler, M.; Grifo, M. S.; et al. (2008). "The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula". Am J Hum Genet. 83 (6): 725–736. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007. PMC 2668061. PMID 19061982.
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