Haplogroup O-M175
Haplogroup O, also known as O-M175, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is primarily found among populations in Southeast Asia and East Asia. It also is found in various percentages of populations of the Russian Far East, South Asia, Central Asia, Caucasus, Crimea, the Middle East, Oceania, Madagascar, and the Comoros. Haplogroup O is a primary descendant of haplogroup NO-M214.
| Haplogroup O-M175 | |
|---|---|
.PNG.webp) | |
| Possible time of origin | 36,800 [95% CI 34,300 <-> 39,300] ybp (YFull[1]) 41,900 [95% CI 31,294 <-> 51,202] years ago (Karmin 2015[2]) 44,700 or 38,300 ybp[3] |
| Coalescence age | 31,200 [95% CI 29,400 <-> 33,100] ybp (YFull[1]) 34,042 [95% CI 25,228 <-> 41,942] years ago (Karmin 2015[2]) 35,000 or 30,000 years ago depending on mutation rate[3] |
| Possible place of origin | East Asia |
| Ancestor | NO |
| Descendants | Primary: O1 (O-F265); O2 (O-M122) Secondary: O1a (O-M119); O1b (O-M268); O2a (O-M324); O2b (O-F742) |
| Defining mutations | M175 (+ numerous other SNPs).[4] |
The O-M175 haplogroup is very common amongst males from China, Korea, and Southeast Asia. It has two primary branches: O1 (O-F265) and O2 (O-M122). O1 is found at high frequencies amongst males native to Southeast Asia, Taiwan, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Madagascar and some populations in southern China and Austroasiatic speakers of India. It is also high in the Melanesian populations of the Solomon Islands, Fiji, and the Moluccas, and shows significant frequencies in some populations of Papua New Guinea. O2 is found at high levels amongst Han Chinese, Tibeto-Burman populations (including many of those in Yunnan, Tibet, Burma, Northeast India, and Nepal), Manchu, Mongolians, Koreans, Vietnamese, Malays, Filipinos, Thais, Polynesians, the Naiman tribe of Kazakhs in Kazakhstan,[5] Kazakhs in the southeast of Altai Republic,[6] and Kazakhs in the Ili area of Xinjiang.[7]
Origins
Haplogroup O-M175 is a descendant haplogroup of Haplogroup NO-M214, and first appeared according to different theories either in Southeast Asia (see Rootsi 2006, TMC & ?, Shi 2005, and Bradshaw & ?) or East Asia (see ISOGG 2012) approximately 40,000 years ago (or between 31,294 and 51,202 years ago according to Karmin et al. 2015).[2][8]
Haplogroup O-M175 is one of NO-M214's two branches. The other is Haplogroup N, which is common throughout North Eurasia.
Distribution
This haplogroup appears in 80-90% of most populations in East Asia and Southeast Asia, and it is almost exclusive to that region: M175 is almost nonexistent in Western Siberia, Western Asia, Europe, most of Africa, and the Americas, where its presence may be the result of recent migrations. However, certain subclades of Haplogroup O-M175 do achieve significant frequencies among some populations of Central Asia, South Asia, and Oceania. For example, one study found it at a rate of 65.81% among the Naimans, a tribe in Kazakhstan,[5] even though the rate among Kazakhs in general is believed to be only about 9% (Wells et al. 2001). It has been estimated that 25% of the entire male population of the world carries O-M175.[9]
An association with the spread of Austronesian languages in late antiquity is suggested by significant levels of O-M175 among island populations of the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, including the East African littoral. For example, Haplogroup O-M50 has even been found in Bantu-speaking populations of the Comoros along 6% of O-MSY2.2(xM50),[10] while both O-M50 and O-M95(xM88) occur commonly among the Malagasy people of Madagascar.[11][12] O-M175 has been found in 28.1% of Solomon Islanders from Melanesia.[13] 12% of Uyghurs (Wells et al. 2001), 6.8% of Kalmyks[14] (17.1% of Khoshuud, 6.1% of Dörwöd, 3.3% of Torguud, 0% of Buzawa), 6.2% of Altaians (Kharkov et al. 2007), 4.1% of Uzbeks on average but Uzbeks from Bukhara 12.1%, Karakalpaks (Uzbekistan) 11.4%, Sinte (Uzbekistans) 6.7%(Wells et al. 2001) and 4.0% of Buryats.[15] In the Caucasus region it has been found in the Nogais 6%[16] but 5.3% in the Karan Nogais, it is also found in the Dargins of Dargwa speakers at 2.9%.[17] In the Iranic population of Middle east and Pakistan, it is found in Iranian (Esfahan) at 6.3% (Wells 2001), 8.9% of Tajiks in Afghanistan[18] 4.2% in the Pathans in Pakistan (Firasat 2007) but 1% in Afghanistan (Borkar 2011), 3.1% in Burusho (Firasat 2007).
Among the sub-branches of haplogroup O-M175 are O-M119(O1a), O-M268(O1b), and O-M122(O2).
O-M175*
A broad survey of Y-chromosome variation among populations of central Eurasia found haplogroup O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) in 31% (14/45) of a sample of Koreans and in smaller percentages of Crimean Tatars (1/22 = 4.5%), Tajiks (1/16 = 6.25% Dushanbe, 1/40 = 2.5% Samarkand), Uyghurs (2/41 = 4.9%), Uzbeks (1/68 = 1.5% Surkhandarya, 1/70 = 1.4% Khorezm), and Kazakhs (1/54 = 1.9%) (Wells 2001). However, nearly all of the purported Korean O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) Y-chromosomes may belong to Haplogroup O-M176,[Note 1] and later studies do not support the finding of O-M175* among similar population samples (Xue 2005, Kim 2011). The reported examples of O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) Y-chromosomes that have been found among these populations might therefore belong to Haplogroup O-M268*(xM95,M176) or Haplogroup O-M176.
A study published in 2013 found O-M175(xM119, M95, M176, M122) Y-DNA in 5.5% (1/18) Iranians from Teheran, 5.4% (2/37) Tajiks from Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan, and 1/97 Mongols from northwest Mongolia, while finding O-M176 only in 1/20 Mongols from northeast Mongolia.[19]
O-F265 (O1)
O1a-M119 and O1b-M268 share a common ancestor, O-F265 (a.k.a. O-F75) approximately 23,400 [95% CI 21,600 to 25,300] YBP.[8][20] O-F75, in turn, coalesces to a common ancestor with O3-M122 approximately 24,700 [95% CI 23,000 to 26,500] YBP.[8] Thus, O-F75 existed as a single haplogroup parallel to O3-M122 for a duration of approximately 1,300 years (or anywhere from 0 to 4,900 years considering the 95% CIs and assuming that the phylogeny is correct) before breaking up into its two extant descendant haplogroups, O1-MSY2.2 and O2-M268.
O-M119 (O1a)
O-M119 (which was known briefly as O-MSY2.2, until the SNP MSY2.2 was found to be unreliable) is found frequently in Austronesian-speaking people, with a moderate distribution in southern and eastern Chinese and Tai–Kadai peoples.
O-M268 (O1b)
- O-K18 Naxi[1]
- O-CTS4040 Guangxi[1]
- O-PK4
- O-F838 Found with low frequency among Han Chinese[21]
- O-M95
- O-CTS350 Found in Hunan (Han) and in Japan (Aichi)[1]
- O-F1803/M1348
- O-M1348* Hainan,[1] Liaoning[1]
- O-F789/M1283 Found in China (Blang,[25] Palaung,[25] Wa,[25] Dai,[1][26] Yi,[1][26] Naxi), Vietnam, Cambodia, Singapore (Malay), Java, Borneo, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, Bhutan, Bangladesh, India (Tripura, Ho, Konda Dora, Gond)
- O-M1283* Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City,[1] Lao Isan[27]
- O-Y9322
- O-Y9322* Dai in Xishuangbanna[1]
- O-Y9325
- O-F1252
- O-SK1630/F5505
- O-F2924
- O-CTS5854 Found among Tai peoples, Eastern Lawa, Nyah Kur, Han Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos
- O-Z23810
- O-Z23781 Henan[1]
- O-F4229 Xishuangbanna, Guangdong, Chongqing[1]
- O-M111/M88 Found frequently among Hani, She people, Tai peoples, Cambodians, Kuy,[25][29] Htin in Northern Thailand,[25] and Vietnamese, with a moderate distribution among Qiang, Yi, Hlai, Miao, Yao, Taiwanese aborigines, and Han Chinese.
- O-M111/M88* Northern Thailand (Htin, Lawa), Cambodia (Jarai, Brao, Kachac, Khmer, Lao, Lun), Yunnan (De'ang)[25]
- O-F2524
- O-F2524* Jiangsu[1]
- O-F2346
- O-F2890 Thailand (Khon Mueang,[27] Phuan,[27] Shan,[27] Htin,[27] Tai Dam,[27] Thai,[27] Lawa,[27] Lao Isan,[27] Mon[27])
- O-F2890* Ho Chi Minh City[1]
- O-Z24048
- O-F2758 Cambodia (Kuy, Tampuan, Khmer), Thailand (Phutai,[27] Bru,[27] Tai Khün,[27] Phuan,[27] Tai Dam,[27] Shan,[27] Khon Mueang,[27] Mon,[27] Lao Isan,[27] Tai Lue,[27] Htin,[25][27] Lawa,[25] Khmu,[27] Kaleun,[27] Nyaw,[27] Suay,[27] Thai[27]), Laos (Laotian in Luang Prabang[27]), Yunnan (Bulang, De'ang)[25]
- O-F2758* China (Miao)
- O-Z24083
- O-Z24083* Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh)
- O-Z24089
- O-F2890 Thailand (Khon Mueang,[27] Phuan,[27] Shan,[27] Htin,[27] Tai Dam,[27] Thai,[27] Lawa,[27] Lao Isan,[27] Mon[27])
- O-CTS5854 Found among Tai peoples, Eastern Lawa, Nyah Kur, Han Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos
- O-M176
- O-M176(x47z): Found frequently among Koreans, with a moderate distribution among Buryats, Daurs, Evenks, Hezhe, Indonesians, Japanese, Manchus, Micronesians, Ryukyuans, Sibe, Thais, Udegeys, and Vietnamese.
- O-47z: Found frequently among Japanese and Ryukyuans, with a moderate distribution among Indonesians, Koreans, Manchus, Thais, and Vietnamese.
O-M122 (O2)
Found frequently among populations of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and culturally Austronesian regions of Oceania, with a moderate distribution in Central Asia (Shi 2005).
- O-M122
- O-CTS1754 East & Southeast Asia
- O-M324
- O-L465
- O-CTS727
- O-F915
- O-CTS3709
- O-JST002611/CTS2483
- O-CTS2483* China,[22] Japan,[22] Philippines[22]
- O-CTS10573 Beijing,[30] Sichuan,[30] Henan,[30] Jiangsu[30]
- O-F18
- O-CTS498 China,[1] Japan (Tokyo)[1]
- O-F449 Azerbaijan[22]
- O-F117
- O-F117* Fujian[1]
- O-F11
- O-F11* Gansu,[1] Japanese[1]
- O-F930 Beijing,[1] Armenia,[1] Inner Mongolia,[30] Hebei,[30] Shaanxi,[30] Shandong,[30] Zhejiang,[30] Hubei[30]
- O-F2685 Beijing, Shanghai, Fujian, Guangdong[30]
- O-BY169374
- O-F539 Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan[30]
- O-CTS12877
- O-Y29837
- O-BY36917 Japan[22]
- O-F4062 Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shaanxi, Chongqing, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang[30]
- O-Y15976 China, Japan,[22] Korea, Pakistan, Vietnam
- O-FGC54474
- O-F971 Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei, Guangdong[30]
- O-F632
- O-F632* Beijing[1]
- O-F16340 Zhejiang[1]
- O-F133 China, Bulgaria[22]
- O-CTS727
- O-P201
- O-M188
- O-M188* Korea[22]
- O-CTS800
- O-CTS445
- O-CTS201 Korea[22]
- O-M159 China, Taiwan, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore[22]
- O-MF18110
- O-M7 Found frequently among human remains associated with the Neolithic Daxi culture[31] and modern Hmong–Mien, Katuic, and Bahnaric peoples,[29] with a moderate distribution among Han Chinese (Xue 2006), Buyei (Xue 2006), Bai (Wen 2004), Mosuo (Wen 2004), Tibetans (Wen 2004), Qiang (Xue 2006), Oroqen (Xue 2006), Tujia (Su 2000), Thai (Su 2000), Orang Asli (Su 2000), western Indonesians (Su 2000 and Kayser 2008), Malaysians (Kayser 2008), Vietnamese (Kayser 2008), and Atayal (Su 2000).
- O-CTS201 Korea[22]
- O-P164
- O-F996/F3237
- O-A16433 Heilongjiang[1]
- O-MF56976 Anhui[1]
- O-Y125645
- O-F871
- O-F706 Philippines, China, Cambodia,[22] Thailand (Bru in Sakon Nakhon Province[27])
- O-F1010 Thailand (Eastern Lawa, Blang, Palaung, Khon Mueang from Chiang Rai Province[27])
- O-AM01750/AM01861/B451 Singapore (Malay),[2] Indonesia (Bajo),[2] Philippines (Batak)[2]
- O-F2472
- O-F706 Philippines, China, Cambodia,[22] Thailand (Bru in Sakon Nakhon Province[27])
- O-A16433 Heilongjiang[1]
- O-M134: Found frequently among Sino-Tibetan peoples, among members of the Kazakh Naiman tribe with a moderate distribution throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia.
- O-Y20/PAGES00125 Poland[22]
- O-F1725
- O-Y12/F314
- O-Y12* Beijing (Han)[1]
- O-CTS2643/CTS11192
- O-CTS53
- O-F876
- O-F275
- O-F634
- O-CTS3776/F2887
- O-M117/PAGE23
- O-MF1380/CTS4960 China, Korea, Japan,[22] Indonesia[22]
- O-M133/M1706 Shandong[1]
- O-M1706* Japan (Tokyo)[1]
- O-YP4864
- O-CTS7634
- O-M1726
- O-A9459
- O-F6800
- O-F14249
- O-F438 Japan (Tokyo)[1]
- O-CTS1642
- O-Y20/PAGES00125 Poland[22]
- O-F996/F3237
- O-M188
- O-L465
Language families and genes
Haplogroup O is associated with populations which speak Austric languages. The following is a phylogenetic tree of language families and their corresponding SNP markers, or haplogroups, sourced mainly from Edmondson 2007 and Shi 2005. This has been called the "Father Tongue Hypothesis" by George van Driem (vanDriem 2011). It does not appear to account for O-M176, which is found among Japanese, Korean, and Manchurian males.
| (M175) |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phylogenetics
Phylogenetic history
Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being, above all, timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.
| YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) | (α) | (β) | (γ) | (δ) | (ε) | (ζ) | (η) | YCC 2002 (Longhand) | YCC 2005 (Longhand) | YCC 2008 (Longhand) | YCC 2010r (Longhand) | ISOGG 2006 | ISOGG 2007 | ISOGG 2008 | ISOGG 2009 | ISOGG 2010 | ISOGG 2011 | ISOGG 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-M175 | 26 | VII | 1U | 28 | Eu16 | H9 | I | O* | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O |
| O-M119 | 26 | VII | 1U | 32 | Eu16 | H9 | H | O1* | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a |
| O-M101 | 26 | VII | 1U | 32 | Eu16 | H9 | H | O1a | O1a1 | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1 | O1a1 | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1a |
| O-M50 | 26 | VII | 1U | 32 | Eu16 | H10 | H | O1b | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 |
| O-P31 | 26 | VII | 1U | 33 | Eu16 | H5 | I | O2* | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 |
| O-M95 | 26 | VII | 1U | 34 | Eu16 | H11 | G | O2a* | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a1 | O2a1 |
| O-M88 | 26 | VII | 1U | 34 | Eu16 | H12 | G | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1a | O2a1a |
| O-SRY465 | 20 | VII | 1U | 35 | Eu16 | H5 | I | O2b* | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b |
| O-47z | 5 | VII | 1U | 26 | Eu16 | H5 | I | O2b1 | O2b1a | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1a | O2b1a | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1 |
| O-M122 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3* | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 |
| O-M121 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3a | O3a | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1a | O3a1a |
| O-M164 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3b | O3b | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a1b | O3a1b |
| O-M159 | 13 | VII | 1U | 31 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3c | O3c | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3 | O3a3 | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3a |
| O-M7 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H7 | L | O3d* | O3c | O3a3b | O3a3b | O3a4 | O3a4 | O3a3b | O3a3b | O3a3b | O3a2b | O3a2b |
| O-M113 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H7 | L | O3d1 | O3c1 | O3a3b1 | O3a3b1 | - | O3a4a | O3a3b1 | O3a3b1 | O3a3b1 | O3a2b1 | O3a2b1 |
| O-M134 | 26 | VII | 1U | 30 | Eu16 | H8 | L | O3e* | O3d | O3a3c | O3a3c | O3a5 | O3a5 | O3a3c | O3a3c | O3a3c | O3a2c1 | O3a2c1 |
| O-M117 | 26 | VII | 1U | 30 | Eu16 | H8 | L | O3e1* | O3d1 | O3a3c1 | O3a3c1 | O3a5a | O3a5a | O3a3c1 | O3a3c1 | O3a3c1 | O3a2c1a | O3a2c1a |
| O-M162 | 26 | VII | 1U | 30 | Eu16 | H8 | L | O3e1a | O3d1a | O3a3c1a | O3a3c1a | O3a5a1 | O3a5a1 | O3a3c1a | O3a3c1a | O3a3c1a | O3a2c1a1 | O3a2c1a1 |
Original Research Publications
The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.
Phylogenetic trees
ISOGG 2017 tree (ver. 12.244).[36]
- O (M175)
- O1 (F265/M1354, CTS2866, F75/M1297, F429/M1415, F465/M1422)
- O1a (M119)
- O1a1 (B384/Z23193)
- O1a1a (M307.1/P203.1)
- O1a1a1 (F446)
- O1a1a1a (F140)
- O1a1a1a1 (F78)
- O1a1a1a1a (F81)
- O1a1a1a1a1 (CTS2458)
- O1a1a1a1a1a (F533)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1 (F492)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a (F656)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (A12440)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a1a (A12439)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a2 (A14788)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a3 (F65)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a4 (MF1068)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a5 (Z23482)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (A12440)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1b (FGC66168)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1b1 (CTS11553)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1c (Y31266)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1c1 (Y31261)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1d (A12441)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1e (MF1071)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1e1 (MF1074)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a (F656)
- O1a1a1a1a1a2 (CTS4585)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1 (F492)
- O1a1a1a1a1a (F533)
- O1a1a1a1a2 (MF1075)
- O1a1a1a1a1 (CTS2458)
- O1a1a1a1a (F81)
- O1a1a1a2 (YP4610/Z39229)
- O1a1a1a2a (AM00330/AMM480/B386)
- O1a1a1a2a1 (AM00333/AMM483/B387)
- O1a1a1a2a1a (B388)
- O1a1a1a2a1 (AM00333/AMM483/B387)
- O1a1a1a2b (SK1555)
- O1a1a1a2a (AM00330/AMM480/B386)
- O1a1a1a1 (F78)
- O1a1a1b (SK1568/Z23420)
- O1a1a1b1 (M101)
- O1a1a1b2 (Z23392)
- O1a1a1b2a (Z23442)
- O1a1a1b2a1 (SK1571)
- O1a1a1b2a (Z23442)
- O1a1a1a (F140)
- O1a1a2 (CTS52)
- O1a1a2a (CTS701)
- O1a1a2a1 (K644/Z23266)
- O1a1a2a (CTS701)
- O1a1a1 (F446)
- O1a1b (CTS5726)
- O1a1a (M307.1/P203.1)
- O1a2 (M110)
- O1a2a (F3288)
- O1a2a1 (B392)
- O1a2a1a (B393)
- O1a2a1 (B392)
- O1a2a (F3288)
- O1a3 (Page109)
- O1a1 (B384/Z23193)
- O1b (M268)
- O1b1 (F2320)
- O1b1a (M1470)
- O1b1a1 (PK4)
- O1b1a1a (M95)
- O1b1a1a1 (F1803/M1348)
- O1b1a1a1a (F1252)
- O1b1a1a1a1 (F2924)
- O1b1a1a1a1a (M111)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1 (F2758)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a (Z24083)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1 (Z24089)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a (F923)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (CTS2022)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1a (F1399)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (F2415)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1a (F1399)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a2 (Z24131)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a3 (Z24100)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (CTS2022)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1b (SK1627/Z24091)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1b1 (Z39410)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a (F923)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a2 (Z24088)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1 (Z24089)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a (Z24083)
- O1b1a1a1a1a2 (F2890)
- O1b1a1a1a1a2a (Z24048)
- O1b1a1a1a1a2a1 (Z24050)
- O1b1a1a1a1a2b (Z24014)
- O1b1a1a1a1a2a (Z24048)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1 (F2758)
- O1b1a1a1a1b (CTS5854)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1 (Z23810)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a (CTS7399)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a1 (FGC19713/Y14026)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a1a (Z23849)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a1a1 (FGC61038)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a1a (Z23849)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a1 (FGC19713/Y14026)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1b (CTS651)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1b1 (CTS9884)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a (CTS7399)
- O1b1a1a1a1b2 (F4229)
- O1b1a1a1a1b2a (F809)
- O1b1a1a1a1b2a1 (F2517)
- O1b1a1a1a1b2a (F809)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1 (Z23810)
- O1b1a1a1a1a (M111)
- O1b1a1a1a2 (SK1630)
- O1b1a1a1a2a (SK1636)
- O1b1a1a1a1 (F2924)
- O1b1a1a1b (F789/M1283)
- O1b1a1a1b1 (FGC29900/Y9322/Z23667)
- O1b1a1a1b1a (B426/FGC29896/Y9033/Z23671)
- O1b1a1a1b1a1 (FGC29907/YP3930)
- O1b1a1a1b1a2 (B427/Z23680)
- O1b1a1a1b1b (Z39485)
- O1b1a1a1b1c (B418)
- O1b1a1a1b1a (B426/FGC29896/Y9033/Z23671)
- O1b1a1a1b2 (SK1646)
- O1b1a1a1b1 (FGC29900/Y9322/Z23667)
- O1b1a1a1a (F1252)
- O1b1a1a2 (CTS350)
- O1b1a1a3 (Page103)
- O1b1a1a1 (F1803/M1348)
- O1b1a1b (F838)
- O1b1a1b1 (F1199)
- O1b1a1a (M95)
- O1b1a2 (Page59)
- O1b1a2a (F993)
- O1b1a2a1 (F1759)
- O1b1a2a1a (CTS1127)
- O1b1a2a1 (F1759)
- O1b1a2b (F417/M1654)
- O1b1a2b1 (F840)
- O1b1a2b1a (F1127)
- O1b1a2b2 (CTS1451)
- O1b1a2b1 (F840)
- O1b1a2c (CTS9996)
- O1b1a2a (F993)
- O1b1a1 (PK4)
- O1b1a (M1470)
- O1b2 (P49, M176)
- O1b2a (F1942/Page92)
- O1b2a1 (CTS9259)
- O1b2a1a (F1204)
- O1b2a1a1 (CTS713)
- O1b2a1a1a (CTS1875)
- O1b2a1a1a1 (CTS10682)
- O1b2a1a1b (Z24598)
- O1b2a1a1c (CTS203)
- O1b2a1a1a (CTS1875)
- O1b2a1a2 (F2868)
- O1b2a1a2a (L682)
- O1b2a1a2a1 (CTS723)
- O1b2a1a2a1a (CTS7620)
- O1b2a1a2a1b (A12446)
- O1b2a1a2a1b1 (PH40)
- O1b2a1a2a1 (CTS723)
- O1b2a1a2b (F940)
- O1b2a1a2a (L682)
- O1b2a1a3 (CTS10687)
- O1b2a1a3a (CTS1215)
- O1b2a1a1 (CTS713)
- O1b2a1b (CTS562)
- O1b2a1a (F1204)
- O1b2a2 (Page90)
- O1b2a1 (CTS9259)
- O1b2a (F1942/Page92)
- O1b1 (F2320)
- O1a (M119)
- O2 (M122)
- O2a (M324)
- O2a1 (L127.1)
- O2a1a (F1876/Page127)
- O2a1a1 (F2159)
- O2a1a1a (F1867/Page124)
- O2a1a1a1 (F852)
- O2a1a1a1a (F2266)
- O2a1a1a1a1 (L599)
- O2a1a1a1a1a (Z43961)
- O2a1a1a1a1a1 (Z43963)
- O2a1a1a1a1a (Z43961)
- O2a1a1a1a1 (L599)
- O2a1a1a1b (F854)
- O2a1a1a1b1 (Z43966)
- O2a1a1a1c (Page130)
- O2a1a1a1a (F2266)
- O2a1a1a1 (F852)
- O2a1a1b (F915)
- O2a1a1b1 (F1478)
- O2a1a1b1a (PF5390)
- O2a1a1b1a1 (CTS1936)
- O2a1a1b1a1a (Z43975)
- O2a1a1b1a2 (FGC33994)
- O2a1a1b1a (PF5390)
- O2a1a1b1 (F1478)
- O2a1a1a (F1867/Page124)
- O2a1a1 (F2159)
- O2a1b (M164)
- O2a1c (IMS-JST002611)
- O2a1c1 (F18)
- O2a1c1a (F117)
- O2a1c1a1 (F13)
- O2a1c1a1a (F11)
- O2a1c1a1a1 (F632)
- O2a1c1a1a1a (F110/M11115)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1 (F17)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a (F377)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a1 (F1095)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a (F856)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a1 (F1418)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a2 (Z25097)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a (F856)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a2 (CTS7501)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a1 (F1095)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1b (F793)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a (F377)
- O2a1c1a1a1a2 (Y20951)
- O2a1c1a1a1a2a (Y20932)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1 (F17)
- O2a1c1a1a1a (F110/M11115)
- O2a1c1a1a2 (F38)
- O2a1c1a1a3 (F12)
- O2a1c1a1a4 (F930)
- O2a1c1a1a4a (F2685)
- O2a1c1a1a5 (F1365/M5420/PF1558)
- O2a1c1a1a5a (Y15976)
- O2a1c1a1a5a1 (Y16154)
- O2a1c1a1a5a1a (Y26383)
- O2a1c1a1a5a1a1 (SK1686)
- O2a1c1a1a5a1a (Y26383)
- O2a1c1a1a5a1 (Y16154)
- O2a1c1a1a5b (FGC54486)
- O2a1c1a1a5b1 (FGC54507)
- O2a1c1a1a5a (Y15976)
- O2a1c1a1a6 (CTS12877)
- O2a1c1a1a6a (F2527)
- O2a1c1a1a6a1 (CTS5409)
- O2a1c1a1a6a2 (F2941)
- O2a1c1a1a6a (F2527)
- O2a1c1a1a7 (F723)
- O2a1c1a1a8 (CTS2107)
- O2a1c1a1a9 (SK1691)
- O2a1c1a1a1 (F632)
- O2a1c1a1b (PH203)
- O2a1c1a1a (F11)
- O2a1c1a1 (F13)
- O2a1c1b (F449)
- O2a1c1b1 (F238)
- O2a1c1b1a (F134)
- O2a1c1b1a1 (F1273)
- O2a1c1b1a2 (F724)
- O2a1c1b1a (F134)
- O2a1c1b2 (F1266)
- O2a1c1b1 (F238)
- O2a1c1c (CTS498)
- O2a1c1a (F117)
- O2a1c2 (FGC3750/SK1673)
- O2a1c1 (F18)
- O2a1a (F1876/Page127)
- O2a2 (IMS-JST021354/P201)
- O2a2a (M188)
- O2a2a1 (F2588)
- O2a2a1a (CTS445)
- O2a2a1a1 (CTS201)
- O2a2a1a1a (M159/Page96)
- O2a2a1a2 (M7)
- O2a2a1a2a (F1276)
- O2a2a1a2a1 (CTS6489)
- O2a2a1a2a1a (F1275)
- O2a2a1a2a1a1 (M113)
- O2a2a1a2a1a2 (N5)
- O2a2a1a2a1a3 (Z25400)
- O2a2a1a2a1a (F1275)
- O2a2a1a2a2 (F1863)
- O2a2a1a2a2a (F1134)
- O2a2a1a2a2a1 (F1262)
- O2a2a1a2a2a (F1134)
- O2a2a1a2a1 (CTS6489)
- O2a2a1a2b (Y26403)
- O2a2a1a2a (F1276)
- O2a2a1a1 (CTS201)
- O2a2a1b (F1837)
- O2a2a1a (CTS445)
- O2a2a2 (F879)
- O2a2a2a (F1226)
- O2a2a2a1 (F2859)
- O2a2a2a (F1226)
- O2a2a1 (F2588)
- O2a2b (P164)
- O2a2b1 (M134)
- O2a2b1a (F450/M1667)
- O2a2b1a1 (M117/Page23)
- O2a2b1a1a (M133)
- O2a2b1a1a1 (F438)
- O2a2b1a1a1a (Y17728)
- O2a2b1a1a1a1 (F155)
- O2a2b1a1a1a1a (F813/M6539)
- O2a2b1a1a1a1a1 (Y20928)
- O2a2b1a1a1a1a (F813/M6539)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2 (F1754)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a (F2137)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a1 (F1442)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a1a (F1123)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a1a1 (F1369)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a1a (F1123)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a2 (A16636)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a1 (F1442)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a (F2137)
- O2a2b1a1a1a3 (Z25907)
- O2a2b1a1a1a1 (F155)
- O2a2b1a1a1a (Y17728)
- O2a2b1a1a2 (FGC23469/Z25852)
- O2a2b1a1a2a (F310)
- O2a2b1a1a2a1 (F402)
- O2a2b1a1a2a1a (F1531)
- O2a2b1a1a2a1 (F402)
- O2a2b1a1a2a (F310)
- O2a2b1a1a3 (CTS7634)
- O2a2b1a1a3a (F317)
- O2a2b1a1a3a1 (F3039)
- O2a2b1a1a3a2 (Y29861)
- O2a2b1a1a3b (CTS5488)
- O2a2b1a1a3a (F317)
- O2a2b1a1a4 (Z25853)
- O2a2b1a1a4a (CTS5492)
- O2a2b1a1a4a1 (CTS6987)
- O2a2b1a1a4a1a (Z42620)
- O2a2b1a1a4a2 ( F20963)
- O2a2b1a1a4a1 (CTS6987)
- O2a2b1a1a4a (CTS5492)
- O2a2b1a1a5 (CTS10738/M1707)
- O2a2b1a1a5a (CTS9678)
- O2a2b1a1a5a1 (Z39663)
- O2a2b1a1a5a2 (M1513)
- O2a2b1a1a5b (A9457)
- O2a2b1a1a5b1 (F17158)
- O2a2b1a1a5a (CTS9678)
- O2a2b1a1a6 (CTS4658)
- O2a2b1a1a6a (CTS5308)
- O2a2b1a1a6b (Z25928)
- O2a2b1a1a6b1 (SK1730/Z25982)
- O2a2b1a1a6b1a (Z26030)
- O2a2b1a1a6b1b (Z26010)
- O2a2b1a1a6b2 (A9462)
- O2a2b1a1a6b3 (B456)
- O2a2b1a1a6b1 (SK1730/Z25982)
- O2a2b1a1a7 (YP4864)
- O2a2b1a1a7a (Z44068)
- O2a2b1a1a7a1 (F5525/SK1748)
- O2a2b1a1a7b (Z44071)
- O2a2b1a1a7a (Z44068)
- O2a2b1a1a8 (Z44091)
- O2a2b1a1a8a (Z44092)
- O2a2b1a1a1 (F438)
- O2a2b1a1b (CTS4960)
- O2a2b1a1a (M133)
- O2a2b1a2 (F114)
- O2a2b1a2a (F79)
- O2a2b1a2a1 (F46/Y15)
- O2a2b1a2a1a (FGC16847/Z26091)
- O2a2b1a2a1a1 (F48)
- O2a2b1a2a1a1a (F152)
- O2a2b1a2a1a1a1 (F2505)
- O2a2b1a2a1a1b (CTS3149)
- O2a2b1a2a1a1a (F152)
- O2a2b1a2a1a2 (F242)
- O2a2b1a2a1a2a (CTS4266)
- O2a2b1a2a1a2a1 (Z26108)
- O2a2b1a2a1a2a1a (F2173)
- O2a2b1a2a1a2a1 (Z26108)
- O2a2b1a2a1a2a (CTS4266)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3 (F2887)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3a (F3607)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3a1 (F3525)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b (CTS3763)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b1 (A9472)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2 (FGC16863/Y7110)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2a (L1360)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2a1 (FGC16889)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b (SK1768/Y7112/Z26257)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b1 (F4249)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b1a (FGC23868)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b2 (CTS335)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b1 (F4249)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2a (L1360)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3a (F3607)
- O2a2b1a2a1a1 (F48)
- O2a2b1a2a1b (CTS53)
- O2a2b1a2a1b1 (CTS6373)
- O2a2b1a2a1b1a (A9473)
- O2a2b1a2a1b1 (CTS6373)
- O2a2b1a2a1c (F3386)
- O2a2b1a2a1d (Y29828)
- O2a2b1a2a1d1 (F735)
- O2a2b1a2a1d1a (FGC34973)
- O2a2b1a2a1d1b (F1739)
- O2a2b1a2a1d1 (F735)
- O2a2b1a2a1a (FGC16847/Z26091)
- O2a2b1a2a1 (F46/Y15)
- O2a2b1a2b (F743)
- O2a2b1a2b1 (CTS8481)
- O2a2b1a2b1a (CTS4325)
- O2a2b1a2b1a1 (A16629)
- O2a2b1a2b1a2 (CTS682)
- O2a2b1a2b1a (CTS4325)
- O2a2b1a2b2 (F748)
- O2a2b1a2b2a (F728)
- O2a2b1a2b1 (CTS8481)
- O2a2b1a2c (Page101)
- O2a2b1a2a (F79)
- O2a2b1a1 (M117/Page23)
- O2a2b1a (F450/M1667)
- O2a2b2 (AM01822/F3223)
- O2a2b2a (AM01856/F871)
- O2a2b2a1 (N7)
- O2a2b2a1a (F4110)
- O2a2b2a1a1 (F4068)
- O2a2b2a1a2 (SK1780)
- O2a2b2a1b (F4124)
- O2a2b2a1b1 (IMS-JST008425p6)
- O2a2b2a1b2 (BY15188)
- O2a2b2a1b2a (F16411)
- O2a2b2a1a (F4110)
- O2a2b2a2 (AM01845/F706)
- O2a2b2a2a (F717)
- O2a2b2a2a1 (F3612)
- O2a2b2a2a2 (SK1783)
- O2a2b2a2b (AM01847/B451)
- O2a2b2a2b1 (A17418)
- O2a2b2a2b2 (AM01756)
- O2a2b2a2b2a (B450)
- O2a2b2a2b2b (AM00472/B452)
- O2a2b2a2b2b1 (F18942)
- O2a2b2a2b2c (A16427)
- O2a2b2a2a (F717)
- O2a2b2a1 (N7)
- O2a2b2b (A16433)
- O2a2b2b1 (A16438)
- O2a2b2b1a (SK1775)
- O2a2b2b1a1 (SK1774)
- O2a2b2b1b (A16440)
- O2a2b2b1a (SK1775)
- O2a2b2b1 (A16438)
- O2a2b2a (AM01856/F871)
- O2a2b1 (M134)
- O2a2a (M188)
- O2a3 (M300)
- O2a4 (M333)
- O2a1 (L127.1)
- O2b (F742)
- O2b1 (F1150)
- O2b1a (F837)
- O2b1a1 (F1025)
- O2b1a (F837)
- O2b2 (F1055)
- O2b2a (F3021)
- O2b1 (F1150)
- O2a (M324)
- O1 (F265/M1354, CTS2866, F75/M1297, F429/M1415, F465/M1422)
See also
Genetics
- genetic genealogy
- Haplogroup
- Haplotype
- Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
- molecular phylogeny
- Paragroup
- Subclade
- Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
- Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
Y-DNA O subclades
Y-DNA backbone tree
| Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Y-chromosomal Adam" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A00 | A0-T [χ 3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A0 | A1 [χ 4] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1a | A1b | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1b1 | BT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| B | CT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DE | CF | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | E | C | F | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| F1 | F2 | F3 | GHIJK | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| G | HIJK | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IJK | H | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IJ | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| I | J | LT [χ 5] | K2 [χ 6] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L | T | K2a [χ 7] | K2b [χ 8] | K2c | K2d | K2e [χ 9] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| K-M2313 [χ 10] | K2b1 [χ 11] | P [χ 12] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NO | S [χ 13] | M [χ 14] | P1 | P2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| N | O | Q | R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes
- O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) is sometimes incorrectly called "O*".
- The outlier Kadai branch is called "Kra" by Thai linguist Weera Ostapirat and "Geyang" by Chinese linguists.
References
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