GIMP

GIMP (/ɡɪmp/ GHIMP; GNU Image Manipulation Program) is a free and open-source raster graphics editor[4] used for image manipulation (retouching) and image editing, free-form drawing, transcoding between different image file formats, and more specialized tasks.

For other uses, see Gimp (disambiguation).

GIMP
GIMP 2.10 screenshot
Original author(s)Spencer Kimball, Peter Mattis
Developer(s)GIMP Team
Initial release15 February 1996 (1996-02-15)
Stable release2.10.22 (7 October 2020 (2020-10-07)[1]) [±]
Preview release2.99.4 (25 December 2020 (2020-12-25)[2]) [±]
Repositoryhttps://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gimp
Written inC with GTK version 2 for user interface
Operating systemLinux, macOS, Microsoft Windows
TypeRaster graphics editor
LicenseGPLv3+[3]
Websitehttps://GIMP.org

GIMP is released under GPLv3+ license and is available for Linux, macOS, and Microsoft Windows.

History

In 1995 Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis began developing GIMP as a semester-long project at the University of California, Berkeley for the eXperimental Computing Facility; they named it the General Image Manipulation Program.[5] The acronym was coined first, with the letter G being added to "IMP" as a reference to "the gimp" in a scene in the 1994 film Pulp Fiction.[6] In 1996 GIMP (0.54) was released as the first publicly available release.[7][8] In the following year Kimball and Mattis met with Richard Stallman of the GNU Project while he visited UC Berkeley and asked if they could change General in the application's name to GNU (the name given to the operating system created by Stallman), and Stallman approved.[9] The application subsequently formed part of the GNU software collection.[10] The number of computer architectures and operating systems supported has expanded significantly since its first release. The first release supported UNIX systems, such as Linux, SGI IRIX and HP-UX.[5][11] Since the initial release, GIMP has been ported to many operating systems, including Microsoft Windows and macOS; the original port to the Windows 32-bit platform was started by Finnish programmer Tor M. Lillqvist (tml) in 1997 and was supported in the GIMP 1.1 release.[11]

Following the first release, GIMP was quickly adopted and a community of contributors formed. The community began developing tutorials, artwork and shared better work-flows and techniques.[12]

A GUI toolkit called GTK (GIMP tool kit) was developed to facilitate the development of GIMP. GTK was replaced by its successor GTK+ after being redesigned using object-oriented programming techniques. The development of GTK+ has been attributed to Peter Mattis becoming disenchanted with the Motif toolkit GIMP originally used; Motif was used up until GIMP 0.60.[8][13]

Versions
Major version Initial release Significant changes and notes Latest minor version
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.x 1995-11-21 First release ?
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.54 1996-01-31 ? 0.99.31
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.0 1998-06-05 ? 1.0.3
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.2 2000-12-25 Improvements to the user interface, bug fixes. 1.2.5
GIMP 2.x
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.0 2004-03-23 Many new tool options, GIMP now using GTK+ 2.x graphical toolkit. Tabs and docks system introduced. Script-fu scripting support improved greatly. Allows text to be re-edited. CMYK color support. 2.0.6
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.2 2004-12-19 Plugin support, keyboard shortcut editor, previews for transform tools. New GIMP hardware controllers support. Drag/drop and copy/paste from GIMP to other applications improved. 2.2.17
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.4 2007-10-24 Color management support, scalable brushes, new and rewritten selection tools and many user interface changes including a new icon theme. Increased file format support. Full screen editing, and new crop tools. Improved printing quality. Improved interface for external device input. 2.4.7
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6 2008-10-01 Partial implementation of GEGL, and first iteration of UI re-design 2.6.12 [14]
Older version, yet still maintained: 2.8 2012-05-03 Single-window mode, exporting, layer groups, tool improvements, and many more updates. 2.8.22
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.9.2 2015-11-27 GEGL Port extended and new or improved Tools 2.9.2
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.9.4 2016-07-13 Revamped User Interface and Usability Changes 2.9.4
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.9.6 2017-08-24 Performance, improvements, bug fixes. 2.9.6
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.9.8 2017-12-12 Performance, improvements, bug fixes. 2.9.8
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.10.0 RC1 2018-03-26 Full linear usage of GEGL, Dashboard dockable, Image recovery, some Bugfix to Do to stable Version,[15] RC2 next 2.10.0 RC1
Latest preview version of a future release: 2.10.0 RC2 2018-04-17 Optimizations and multi-threading for painting and display, themes rewritten, gradient tool improved, new on-canvas control for 3D rotation, translations, GEGL changes, and improvements in handling masks, channels, and selections.[16] Some Blockerbugs[17] 2.10.0 RC2
Current stable version: 2.10 2018-10-14 Full use of GEGL. Bugfix, HEIF-support and more in 2.10.2, MacOS Beta and more improvements available in 2.10.4, Vertical text in 2.10.6, Optimization in 2.10.8, initial DDS support in 2.10.10, better curve Tools in 2.10.12, many Filters with GEGL in 2.10.14, new 3D Transform Tool in 2.10.18[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] 2.10.22
GIMP 3.x
Future release: 3.0 TBA 2021? Complete port from GTK+ 2.x to GTK+ 3.24[25] or GTK+ 4.0, 2.99.4 available as 2nd public prerelease[26]
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Development
GIMP's icon features Wilber, the application's mascot[27]

GIMP is primarily developed by volunteers as a free and open source software project associated with both the GNU and GNOME projects. Development takes place in a public git source code repository,[28] on public mailing lists and in public chat channels on the GIMPNET IRC network.[29]

New features are held in public separate source code branches and merged into the main (or development) branch when the GIMP team is sure they won't damage existing functions.[28] Sometimes this means that features that appear complete do not get merged or take months or years before they become available in GIMP.

GIMP itself is released as source code. After a source code release installers and packages are made for different operating systems by parties who might not be in contact with the maintainers of GIMP.

The version number used in GIMP is expressed in a major-minor-micro format, with each number carrying a specific meaning: the first (major) number is incremented only for major developments (and is currently 2). The second (minor) number is incremented with each release of new features, with odd numbers reserved for in-progress development versions and even numbers assigned to stable releases; the third (micro) number is incremented before and after each release (resulting in even numbers for releases, and odd numbers for development snapshots) with any bug fixes subsequently applied and released for a stable version.

Previously, GIMP applied for several positions in the Google Summer of Code (GSoC).[30][31] From 2006 to 2009 there have been nine GSoC projects that have been listed as successful,[30] although not all successful projects have been merged into GIMP immediately. The healing brush and perspective clone tools and Ruby bindings were created as part of the 2006 GSoC and can be used in version 2.8.0 of GIMP, although there were three other projects that were completed and are later available in a stable version of GIMP; those projects being Vector Layers (end 2008 in 2.8 and master),[32] and a JPEG 2000 plug-in (mid 2009 in 2.8 and master).[33] Several of the GSoC projects were completed in 2008, but have been merged into a stable GIMP release later in 2009 to 2014 for Version 2.8.xx and 2.10.x. Some of them needed some more code work for the master tree.

Second public Development 2.9-Version was 2.9.4 with many deep improvements after initial Public Version 2.9.2.[34][35] Third Public 2.9-Development version is Version 2.9.6.[36] One of the new features is removing the 4GB size limit of XCF file.[37][38] Increase of possible threads to 64 is also an important point for modern parallel execution in actual AMD Ryzen and Intel Xeon processors. Version 2.9.8 included many bug fixes and improvements in gradients and clips.[39] Improvements in performance and optimization beyond bug hunting were the development targets for 2.10.0.[40] MacOS Beta is available with Version 2.10.4 [41]

The next stable version in the roadmap is 3.0 with a GTK3 port.[42]

GIMP developers meet during the annual Libre Graphics Meeting.[43] Interaction designers from OpenUsability have also contributed to GIMP.[44]

Distribution

The current version of GIMP works with numerous operating systems, including Linux, macOS and Windows. Many Linux distributions include GIMP as a part of their desktop operating systems, including Fedora[45] and Debian.[46][47]

GIMP began to host its own downloads after discontinuing use of SourceForge in 2013.[48] The website later repossessed GIMP's dormant account and hosted advertising-laden versions of GIMP for Windows.[49]

Professional reviews

Lifewire reviewed GIMP favorably in March 2019, writing that "(f)or those who have never experienced Photoshop, GIMP is simply a very powerful image manipulation program," and "(i)f you're willing to invest some time learning it, it can be a very good graphics tool."[50]

GIMP's fitness for use in professional environments is regularly reviewed; it is often compared to and suggested as a possible replacement for Adobe Photoshop.[51][52] GIMP has similar functionality to Photoshop, but has a different user interface.[53]

GIMP 2.6 was used to create nearly all of the art in Lucas the Game, an independent video game by developer Timothy Courtney. Courtney started development of Lucas the Game in early 2014, and the video game was published in July 2015 for PC and Mac. Courtney explains GIMP is a powerful tool, fully capable of large professional projects, such as video games.[54]

The single-window mode introduced in GIMP 2.8 was reviewed in 2012 by Ryan Paul of Ars Technica, who noted that it made the user experience feel "more streamlined and less cluttered".[55] Michael Burns, writing for Macworld in 2014, described the single-window interface of GIMP 2.8.10 as a "big improvement".[56]

In his review of GIMP for ExtremeTech in October 2013, David Cardinal noted that GIMP's reputation of being hard to use and lacking features has "changed dramatically over the last couple years", and that it was "no longer a crippled alternative to Photoshop". He described GIMP's scripting as one of its strengths, but also remarked that some of Photoshop's features – such as Text, 3D commands, Adjustment Layers and History – are either less powerful or missing in GIMP. Cardinal favorably described the UFRaw converter for raw images used with GIMP, noting that it still "requires some patience to figure out how to use those more advanced capabilities". Cardinal stated that GIMP is "easy enough to try" despite not having as well developed documentation and help system as those for Photoshop, concluding that it "has become a worthy alternative to Photoshop for anyone on a budget who doesn't need all of Photoshop's vast feature set".[57]

The user interface has been criticized for being "hard to use".[58]

Features
Further information: Comparison of raster graphics editors
Animation Showing Brushes, Patterns, Gradients Created in GIMP

Tools used to perform image editing can be accessed via the toolbox, through menus and dialogue windows. They include filters and brushes, as well as transformation, selection, layer and masking tools.

Color

There are several ways of selecting colors, including palettes, color choosers and using an eyedropper tool to select a colour on the canvas. The built-in color choosers include RGB/HSV selector or scales, water-color selector, CMYK selector and a color-wheel selector. Colors can also be selected using hexadecimal color codes as used in HTML color selection. GIMP has native support for indexed colour and RGB color spaces; other color spaces are supported using decomposition where each channel of the new color space becomes a black-and-white image. CMYK, LAB and HSV (hue, saturation, value) are supported this way.[59][60] Color blending can be achieved using the Blend tool, by applying a gradient to the surface of an image and using GIMP's color modes. Gradients are also integrated into tools such as the brush tool, when the user paints this way the output color slowly changes. There are a number of default gradients included with GIMP; a user can also create custom gradients with tools provided. Gradient plug-ins are also available.

Selections and paths

GIMP selection tools include a rectangular and circular selection tool, free select tool, and fuzzy select tool (also known as magic wand). More advanced selection tools include the select by color tool for selecting contiguous regions of color—and the scissors select tool, which creates selections semi-automatically between areas of highly contrasting colors. GIMP also supports a quick mask mode where a user can use a brush to paint the area of a selection. Visibly this looks like a red colored overlay being added or removed. The foreground select tool is an implementation of Simple Interactive Object Extraction (SIOX), a method used to perform the extraction of foreground elements, such as a person or a tree in focus. The Paths Tool allows a user to create vectors (also known as Bézier curves). Users can use paths to create complex selections, including around natural curves. They can paint (or "stroke") the paths with brushes, patterns, or various line styles. Users can name and save paths for reuse.

Image editing

There are many tools that can be used for editing images in GIMP. The more common tools include a paint brush, pencil, airbrush, eraser and ink tools used to create new or blended pixels. The Bucket Fill tool can be used to fill a selection with a color or pattern. The Blend tool can be used to fill a selection with a color gradient. These color transitions can be applied to large regions or smaller custom path selections.

GIMP also provides "smart" tools that use a more complex algorithm to do things that otherwise would be time-consuming or impossible. These include:

  • Clone tool, which copies pixels using a brush
  • Healing brush, which copies pixels from an area and corrects tone and color
  • Perspective clone tool, which works like the clone tool but corrects for distance changes
  • Blur and sharpen tool blurs and sharpens using a brush
  • The Smudge tool can be used to subtly smear a selection where it stands.
  • Dodge and burn tool is a brush that makes target pixels lighter (dodges) or darker (burns)
Animation showing three docked and tabbed dialogs: layers, channels, and paths.

Layers, layer masks and channels

An image being edited in GIMP can consist of many layers in a stack. The user manual suggests that "A good way to visualize a GIMP image is as a stack of transparencies," where in GIMP terminology, each level (analogous to a transparency) is called a layer.[61] Each layer in an image is made up of several channels. In an RGB image, there are normally 3 or 4 channels, each consisting of a red, green and blue channel. Color sublayers look like slightly different gray images, but when put together they make a complete image. The fourth channel that may be part of a layer is the alpha channel (or layer mask). This channel measures opacity where a whole or part of an image can be completely visible, partially visible or invisible. Each layer has a layer mode that can be set to change the colors in the image.[62]

Text layers can be created using the text tool, allowing a user to write on an image. Text layers can be transformed in several ways, such as converting them to a path or selection.[63][64]

Droste effect using Mathmap plug-in

Automation, scripts and plug-ins

GIMP has approximately 150 standard effects and filters, including Drop Shadow, Blur, Motion Blur and Noise.

GIMP operations can be automated with scripting languages. The Script-Fu is a Scheme-based language implemented using a TinyScheme interpreter built into GIMP.[65] GIMP can also be scripted in Perl,[66][67] Python (Python-Fu),[68][69] or Tcl, using interpreters external to GIMP.[70] New features can be added to GIMP not only by changing program code (GIMP core), but also by creating plug-ins. These are external programs that are executed and controlled by the main GIMP program.[71][72] MathMap is an example of a plug-in written in C.

There is support for several methods of sharpening and blurring images, including the blur and sharpen tool. The unsharp mask tool is used to sharpen an image selectively — it sharpens only those areas of an image that are sufficiently detailed. The Unsharp Mask tool is considered to give more targeted results for photographs than a normal sharpening filter.[73][74] The Selective Gaussian Blur tool works in a similar way, except it blurs areas of an image with little detail.

GEGL

The Generic Graphics Library (GEGL) was first introduced as part of GIMP on the 2.6 release of GIMP. This initial introduction does not yet exploit all of the capabilities of GEGL; as of the 2.6 release, GIMP can use GEGL to perform high bit-depth color operations; because of this less information is lost when performing color operations.[75] When GEGL is fully integrated, GIMP will have a higher color bit depth and better non-destructive work-flow. GIMP 2.8.xx supports only 8-bit of color, which is much less than what e.g. digital cameras produce (12-bit or more). Full support for high bit depth is included with GIMP 2.10. OpenCL enables hardware acceleration for some operations.[76]

File formats

GIMP supports importing and exporting with a large number of different file formats,[77] GIMP's native format XCF is designed to store all information GIMP can contain about an image; XCF is named after the eXperimental Computing Facility where GIMP was authored. Import and export capability can be extended to additional file formats by means of plug-ins. XCF file size is extended to more than 4 GB since 2.9.6 and new stable tree 2.10.x.

  File formats
Import and export GIMP has import and export support for image formats such as BMP, JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF and HEIF,[78] along with the file formats of several other applications such as Autodesk flic animations, Corel PaintShop Pro images, and Adobe Photoshop documents. Other formats with read/write support include PostScript documents, X bitmap image, xwd, and Zsoft PCX. GIMP can also read and write path information from SVG files and read/write ICO Windows icon files.
Import only GIMP can import Adobe PDF documents and the raw image formats used by many digital cameras, but cannot save to these formats. An open source plug-in, UFRaw, adds full raw compatibility, and has been noted several times for being updated for new camera models more quickly than Adobe's UFRaw support.
Export only GIMP can export to MNG layered image files (Linux version only) and HTML (as a table with colored cells), C source code files (as an array) and ASCII Art (using a plug-in to represent images with characters and punctuation making up images), though it cannot read these formats.

Forks and derivatives

Because of the free and open-source nature of GIMP, several forks, variants and derivatives of the computer program have been created to fit the needs of their creators. While GIMP is cross-platform, variants of GIMP may not be. These variants are neither hosted nor linked on the GIMP site. The GIMP site does not host GIMP builds for Windows or Unix-like operating systems either, although it does include a link to a Windows build.

GIMP's functionality can be extended with plugins such as G'MIC, which adds image filters and effects.[79]

Fork
  • CinePaint: Formerly Film Gimp, it is a fork of GIMP version 1.0.4, used for frame-by-frame retouching of feature film. CinePaint supports up to 32-bit IEEE-floating point color depth per channel, as well as color management and HDR. CinePaint is used primarily within the film industry due mainly to its support of high-fidelity image formats. It is available for BSD, Linux, and macOS.
  • GIMP classic: A patch against GIMP v2.6.8 source code created to undo changes made to the user interface in GIMP v2.4 through v2.6.[80] A build of GIMP classic for Ubuntu is available.[81] As of March 2011, a new patch could be downloaded that patches against the experimental GIMP v2.7.
  • GIMP Portable: A portable version of GIMP for Microsoft Windows XP or later that preserves brushes and presets between computers[82]
  • GIMPshop: Derivative that aim to replicate the Adobe Photoshop in some form. Development of GIMPshop was halted in 2006 and the project disavowed by the developer, Scott Moschella, after an unrelated party registered "GIMPshop" as part of an Internet domain name and passed off the website as belonging to Moschella while accepting donations and making revenue from advertising but passing on none of the income to Moschella
  • GimPhoto: GimPhoto[83] follows the Photoshop-UI tradition of GIMPshop. More modifications are possible with the GimPad tool. GimPhoto stands at version 24.1 for Linux and Windows (based on GIMP v2.4.3) and version 26.1 on macOS[84] (based on GIMP v2.6.8). Installers are included for Windows 7, 8.1, and 10; macOS 10.6+; Ubuntu 14 and Fedora; as well as source code. Only one developer is at work in this project, so fast updates and new versions based on Gimp 2.8.x or 2.9.x are not planned.
  • McGimp: An independent port for macOS that is aim to run GIMP directly on this platform, and integrated multiple plug-ins intended to optimize photos.[85]
  • Seashore: easier to use image editing application for macOS[86]
  • Glimpse: A UI rewrite stemming from a group of users who consider "GIMP" to be an ableist slur.[87]

See also

About GIMP

About editing

Other

References
  1. "GIMP 2.10.22 Released". The GIMP Website. The GIMP Team. 7 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  2. "Development release GIMP 2.99.4 is out". The GIMP Website. The GIMP Team. 25 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  3. "COPYING · master · GNOME / GIMP". GitLab.
  4. Peck, Akkana (2006). Beginning GIMP: From Novice to Professional. Physica-Verlag. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4302-0135-9.
  5. Kimball, Spencer; Mattis, Peter. "How It All Started". Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  6. Beane, Zachary (1 January 1997). "Spencer Kimball & Peter Mattis". Gimp Gazette. Retrieved 29 March 2020. It took us a little while to come up with the name. We knew we wanted an image manipulation program like Photoshop, but the name IMP sounded wrong. We also tossed around XIMP (X Image Manipulation Program) following the rule of when in doubt prefix an X for X11 based programs. At the time, Pulp Fiction was the hot movie and a single word popped into my mind while we were tossing out name ideas. It only took a few more minutes to determine what the 'G' stood for.
  7. "GIMP — Prehistory — before GIMP 0.54". GIMP history. Peter Mattis. 29 July 1995. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  8. "ancient history". gimp.org. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  9. "Documentation". GIMP. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  10. "GNU Software". gnu.org. GNU. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  11. "why port to windows". Archived from the original on 27 June 2009.
  12. Bunks, Carey (2000). Grokking the GIMP. New Riders. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-7357-0924-9. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  13. Hackvän, Stig (1 January 1999). "Where did Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis go?". LinuxWorld.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 1999. Retrieved 19 August 2013. LinuxWorld: Why did you write GTk as part of GIMP? Mattis: The original version of the GIMP (0.5) used Motif.
  14. "Sign in". GitLab. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  15. "GIMP 2.10.0 Release Candidate 1 Released". gimp.org.
  16. "GIMP 2.10.0 Release Candidate 2 Released". gimp.org.
  17. "GNOME Bugzilla is pondering your search". Bugzilla.gnome.org.
  18. Pagès, Jehan. "GIMP 2.10.2 Released". Gimp.org.
  19. Alexandre Prokoudine. "GIMP 2.10.4 Released". Gimp.org.
  20. Wilber. "GIMP 2.10.6 Released". Gimp.org.
  21. Wilber. "GIMP 2.10.8 Released". Gimp.org.
  22. "GIMP 2.10.10 Released". gimp.org.
  23. "GIMP 2.10.12 Released". gimp.org.
  24. "GIMP 2.10.14 Released". gimp.org.
  25. "build: bumping flatpak dependency to GNOME 3.24 runtime. (639e69c6) · Commits · GNOME / GIMP". GitLab.
  26. "Development release GIMP 2.99.4 is out". gimp.org.
  27. Peck, Akkana (2006). Beginning GIMP: From Novice to Professional. Apress. p. 24, 498. ISBN 978-1-4302-0135-9.
  28. "gimp — GNU Image Manipulation Program". gimp.org. GNOME. 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  29. "gimp — GIMP — Development". gimp.org. GNOME. 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  30. "SummerOfCode — Wilber's Wiki". Wilber's Wiki. GIMP developers. 30 April 2009. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  31. "GNU Image Manipulation Program". Google Summer of Code 2009. 2009. Archived from the original on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  32. "gimp - GNU Image Manipulation Program". git.gnome.org.
  33. "GNU Image Manipulation Program". git.gnome.org.
  34. "GIMP 2.9.2 Released". gimp.org.
  35. "GIMP 2.9.4 Released". gimp.org.
  36. "GIMP 2.9.6 Released". gimp.org.
  37. "GIMP 2.9.6 Readying New Clipboard, GUI Improvements - Phoronix". phoronix.com.
  38. "gimp - GNU Image Manipulation Program". git.gnome.org.
  39. "GIMP 2.9.8 Released". gimp.org.
  40. "GIMP 2.10.0 Release Candidate 2 Released". gimp.org.
  41. Prokoudine, Alexandre. "GIMP 2.10.4 Released". gimp.org. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  42. "Roadmap - GIMP Developer Wiki". wiki.gimp.org. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  43. James, Daniel (2011). Crafting Digital Media: Audacity, Blender, Drupal, GIMP, Scribus, and other Open Source Tools. Apress. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-4302-1888-3.
  44. Sanders, N. (August 25, 2006). "OpenUsability funds student projects". Linux.com. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  45. "Changes/GIMP as a Module - Fedora Project Wiki". fedoraproject.org. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  46. "GIMP - Debian Wiki". wiki.debian.org. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  47. "Debian -- Details of package gimp in buster". packages.debian.org. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  48. Sharwood, Simon (8 November 2013). "GIMP flees SourceForge over dodgy ads and installer". The Register. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
  49. Gallagher, Sean (27 May 2015). "SourceForge grabs GIMP for Windows' account, wraps installer in bundle-pushing adware [Updated]". Ars Technica.
  50. Chastain, Sue (2 December 2019). "GIMP Free, Open-Source, Multi-Platform Image Editor Review". Lifewire.com. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  51. Paul, Ryan (1 October 2008). "GIMP 2.6 released, one step closer to taking on Photoshop". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  52. "A Thrifty Photoshop Built for the Web". Wired. 17 March 1998. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
  53. "GIMP Developers Conference 2006". gimp.org. The GIMP Project. 2006. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  54. "Gimp Glory – Story from the Guy Who Made a Video Game With Gimp". lucasthegame.com. 6 July 2014. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  55. Paul, Ryan (7 May 2012). "Hands-on: testing the GIMP 2.8 and its new single-window interface". Ars Technica. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
  56. "GIMP 2.8.10 review – free photo editing software". MacWorld. 28 January 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  57. "GIMP review: This free image editor is no longer a crippled alternative to Photoshop". ExtremeTech.com. 28 October 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  58. "GIMP Reviews 2020 - Capterra". www.capterra.com. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  59. Yamakawa, Yoshinori (6 January 2007). "Separate+". cue.yellowmagic.info. Archived from the original on 7 January 2007. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  60. "Decompose". GIMP user manual. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  61. "Introduction to layers". GIMP user manual. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  62. "Layer Modes". GIMP user manual. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  63. "Paths and Text". GIMP manual. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  64. "Text and Fonts". GIMP manual. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  65. "Using Script-Fu Scripts". gimp.org. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  66. "GIMP – Basic Perl". gimp.org. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  67. "GIMP Perl source". GNOME git repository. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  68. "GIMP Python Documentation". gimp.org. Archived from the original on 15 June 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  69. "GIMP Python source". GNOME git repository. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  70. "Gimp Client". wiki.tcl.tk website. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  71. "Plug-In Development". gimp.org. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  72. Oliver, Earl; Ruiz, Jaime; She, Steven; Wang, Jun (4 December 2006). "The Software Architecture of the GIMP". CiteSeerX 10.1.1.84.7715. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  73. "Sharpening — Unsharp Mask". scantips.com. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
  74. "Unsharp Mask". GIMP manual. Archived from the original on 2 May 2006. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
  75. "GIMP 2.6 Release Notes". gimp.org. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  76. "Hacking:Porting filters to GEGL". wiki.gimp.org. The GIMP Project.
  77. "File formats supported by the GIMP". gimphelp.org. 2007. Archived from the original on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  78. @GIMP_Official (4 May 2018). "GIMP just got a HEIF Import/Export plug-in, contributed by @DirkFarin. Will be released soon in GIMP 2.10.2" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  79. Wallen, Jack. "G'MIC: An incredibly powerful filtering system for GIMP". TechRepublic. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  80. Hartshorn, Peter. "gimp-classic". sourceforge.net. Dice. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
  81. Robinson, Alastair M. "GIMP-classic". launchpad.net. Canonical. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
  82. Haller, John T. (22 March 2009). "GIMP Portable". PortableApps.Com. Rare Ideas. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  83. GimPhoto website In: gimphoto.com.
  84. "Gimphoto 26.1 - Wakatobi for OSX released". gimphoto.com.
  85. "GIMP/McGimp 2.10 Final Release". partha.com. Partha's Place.
  86. Prokoudine, Alexandre; Engels, Robert. "Meet Seashore, free image editor for macOS with GIMP roots". libregraphicsworld.org. Libre Graphics World. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  87. Anderson, Tim (28 August 2019). "GIMP open source image editor forked to fix 'problematic' name". The Register.

Further reading
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.