František Plánička

František Plánička (Czech pronunciation: [ˈfraɲcɪʃɛk ˈplaːɲɪtʃka]; 2 June 1904 – 20 July 1996) was a Czech football goalkeeper and one of the most honoured players in the history of Czechoslovak football. He played all his career for Slavia Prague, during which time the club won the Czech league eight times and the Mitropa Cup once. He also became a member of the Czechoslovakia national team and later its captain during the World Cup finals of 1934 (where the Czech team finished second) and 1938.

František Plánička
Plánička c. 1934
Personal information
Date of birth (1904-06-02)2 June 1904
Place of birth Prague, Austria-Hungary
Date of death 20 July 1996(1996-07-20) (aged 92)
Place of death Prague, Czech Republic
Height 1.72 m (5 ft 8 in)
Position(s) Goalkeeper
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1923–1938 SK Slavia Praha 196 (0)
National team
1926–1938 Czechoslovakia 73 (0)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only

Plánička was a courageous player, to the extent that in Czechoslovakia's 1938 World Cup match against Brazil, he remained on the field despite having suffered a serious injury.[1] He was a goalkeeper of outstanding reflexes and shot-stopping abilities[2] and was also characterized by his sportsmanship, never once being cautioned or sent off in his career. He was awarded the UNESCO International Fair Play Award in 1985[3]

Regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers of his generation, and of all time, in 1999, the IFFHS elected him the best Czech goalkeeper – as well as the sixth best in Europe and the ninth best overall – of the twentieth century.[4][5] In 2003, he was catalogued as the greatest goalkeeper of an era[2][6] that included other notable keepers such as Ricardo Zamora and Gianpiero Combi.[7]

Club career

Born in Prague, Plánička played most of his footballing career and lived most of his life in the Czech capital. In the beginning of his career, Plánička played for the clubs Slovan Praha VII, Union VII, Staroměstský SK Olympia, and SK Bubeneč. He played for Slavia Prague from 1923 to 1938, in what has been one of the most successful eras in the club's history. During thirteen seasons with the club between 1925 and 1938, Slavia won seven league titles and Plánička played 196 league matches.[8] He appeared in a total of 969 matches, of which Slavia won 742.[9] Despite being of below-average height for a goalkeeper, at 1.72m (5 ft 8 in),[10] he was an effective shot stopper, and his acrobatic style earned him the nickname The Cat of Prague.[11]

In 1932, Slavia reached the semifinals of the Mitropa Cup. In the first leg, they beat Juventus 4–0; in the second leg, Juventus had a 2–0 lead after which, according to RSSSF, Slavia resorted to obstruction and time wasting, which extended to the stands to the point that spectators started throwing stones on the pitch; one of the projectiles hit Plánička, causing him a serious injury. Slavia abandoned the pitch and the game stopped, and this led to their disqualification from the tournament.[12]

Plánička also won six Bohemia cups (a domestic tournament) with Slavia, in 1926, 1927, 1928, 1930, 1932, and 1935. His only international title came in 1938, when his club finally won the Mitropa Cup.

International career

Between 1926 and 1938, Plánička played 73 times in goal for Czechoslovakia,[13] a world record at the time and a national record that stood until 1966 when Ladislav Novák earned his 74th cap.[14] Plánička was the national team captain 37 times.[6][9] His international debut was on 17 January 1926 in a 1–3 loss against Italy.

1934 World Cup
Goalkeepers and capitains Gianpiero Combi (left) and František Plánička shake hands at the Stadio Nazionale PNF before the 1934 FIFA World Cup Final won by Italy 2–1 on 10 June 1934

Plánička helped Czechoslovakia qualify to the 1934 World Cup, and was the team's captain in the tournament. After beating Romania in the first round and Switzerland in quarterfinals, the Czech played a semifinal against Germany. The Czech took the lead early in the match, but Germany equalized in the second half when Plánička could not react to a long shot by Rudolf Noack.[15] Czechoslovakia regained the lead and scored a third goal late in the game to win 3–1 and advance to the final.

Angelo Schiavio scores against Plánička in the 1934 World Cup final

On 10 June 1934 Czechoslovakia played the final against hosts Italy, who also had one of the great goalkeepers of the time, Giampiero Combi, as its captain. The Czechs took the lead in the 71st minute with a goal by Antonín Puč, but ten minutes later a shot by Raimundo Orsi beat Plánička for the equalizer, sending the match to extra time, where goal by Angelo Schiavio gave the Italians the victory. Plánička finished the tournament with six goals against in four matches.

1938 World Cup
Netherlands Captain Puck Van Heel (left) greets Plánička prior to the match the Czech won (0–3) on 5 June 1938 at the Stade municipal du Havre in the first round of the 1938 World Cup

As Nazi Germany occupied Czechoslovakia, Plánička captained the Czechs again to the 1938 World Cup. In the first round, they beat the Netherlands 3–0 with all three goals coming in extra time. In the second round, they faced Brazil on 12 July, in what was one of the most violent matches in World Cup history, known as the "Battle of Bordeaux." One Czech and two Brazilian players were sent off, and players from both teams suffered serious injuries. With the game tied 1–1, Plánička's teammate Oldřich Nejedlý had to abandon the pitch with a broken leg, and then Plánička himself suffered a broken arm, after colliding with Brazil's striker Perácio's kick, as the Brazilian attempted to shoot.[1] Plánička did not leave the pitch, however, and instead played through the pain until the end of regulation and through the subsequent extra time, which had no change in the score.[2][16] The game was replayed two days later, and Czechoslovakia, without Plánička or forwards Nejedlý and Antonín Puč, lost 2–1 and was eliminated.

Plánička only conceded one goal in 240 minutes played, having the lowest goals against average with 0.38 goals per 90 minutes (better than Aldo Olivieri of champions Italy).[17] He was selected to the Best XI of the tournament by a group of journalists. The match against Brazil in Bordeaux was the last one of Plánička's international career.

After retirement

Plánička continued to play football after his retirement, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and physical condition.[18] On 4 July 1970 Plánička last played in goal in a senior team of former internationals.[18] In 1985, UNESCO presented him with an Honorary Fair Play Award in recognition to his footballing career.

In 1994, after receiving a sports merit award, Plánička stated that he would like to see Slavia win the league while he was still alive. In the 1995/96 season, after a 48-year wait, Slavia won the league title, and Plánička was able to celebrate it. Two months later, he died at the age of 92.[19] At the time of his death, he was the last living member of the Czech squad at the 1934 World Cup and the last surviving player from either team to play in the final. Czech national team midfielder Karel Poborský attended his burial, postponing his contract signing with Manchester United, which was scheduled to happen the same day.[10]

Honours

Club
SK Slavia Praha
  • Czech league winner (8): 1925, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1936–37
  • Mitropa Cup winner (1): 1932

International
Czechoslovakia

Individual

References and notes
  1. Although some sources indicate that Plánička boke his arm by colliding with Brazilian striker Perácio ((in German), (in Portuguese) ), these Brazilian sources (both (in Portuguese)): Archived 6 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine state that the injury occurred when the goalkeeper collided with the post, while defending the Brazilian's shot. Some sources also suggest that Plánička not only broke his arm, but also broke (or dislocated) his clavicle, or that he injured his clavicle but not his arm.
  2. Sports Illustrated's World Cup Hall of Fame – Frantisek Planicka – sportsillustrated.cnn.com – CNN/Sports Illustrated, 2003.
  3. (in Czech) Radio Praha, Český rozhlas 7 – Czech football legend František Plánička – Radio Praha, Czech Republic.
  4. IFFHS' Century Elections Archived 3 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine – www.rsssf.com – by Karel Stokkermans, RSSSF.
  5. The World's best Goalkeeper of the Century – www.iffhs.de – IFFHS. Retrieved 29 October 2006.
  6. Source: "England Football Online". Archived from the original on 9 December 2006. Retrieved 9 October 2009.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  7. Mirko Graziano (19 November 2011). "Buffon Prende Combi, punta Tacconi Se rinnova può arrivare a Zoff" (in Italian). La Gazzetta dello Sport. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  8. Jeřábek, Luboš (2007). Český a československý fotbal – lexikon osobností a klubů (in Czech). Prague: Grada Publishing. p. 154. ISBN 978-80-247-1656-5.
  9. (in Czech) Official web site of Slavia Prague - František Plánička bio - by Michael Janáček, Slavia Praha, 2004.
  10. (in Portuguese) Planicka: Astro do 'fair play' Archived 27 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine – by André Lacerda, trivela.com, 2006
  11. (in German) "Planicka, Der König der Robinsonaden" – sport.ARD.de – WDR, 2005
  12. Mitropa Cup 1932 report – by Karel Stokkermans, RSSSF, 1999.
  13. František Plánička at FAČR (in Czech)
  14. Czechoslovakia – Record of international players – RSSSF
  15. Source: http://www.trivia-library.com/a/history-of-the-world-cup-soccer-championships-1934-czechoslovakia-v-germany.htm
  16. "Controversies: Battle of Bordeaux" Archived 13 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine – hinduonnet.com – The Hindu newspaper, India, 2002.
  17. Excluding Hungary goalkeeper József Háda, who played 90 minutes without conceding a goal in the tournament.
  18. Source: hamelika.cz
  19. Source: Zivot.lesk.cas.sk
  20. "Messi and Ronaldo: Equal!". UPL. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  21. Banyas, Volodymyr (25 October 2013). "Berlin-Britz Greatest XI by Decade" (№ 88). newspaper Ukrainskyi Futbol.
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