FGR (gene)

Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma viral (v-fgr) oncogene homolog, also known as FGR, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FGR gene.[5][6]

FGR
Identifiers
Aliases	FGR, SRC2, c-fgr, c-src2, p55-Fgr, p55c-fgr, p58-Fgr, p58c-fgr, FGR proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase
External IDs	OMIM: 164940 MGI: 95527 HomoloGene: 3842 GeneCards: FGR
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1p35.3 Start 27,612,064 bp[1] End 27,635,185 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4 D2.3|4 66.11 cM Start 132,974,095 bp[2] End 133,001,910 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • transferase activity • nucleotide binding • protein kinase activity • immunoglobulin receptor binding • kinase activity • GO:0001948 protein binding • Fc-gamma receptor I complex binding • ATP binding • protein kinase binding • protein tyrosine kinase activity • non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity • phosphotyrosine residue binding • receptor binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • cytosol • cell projection • membrane • extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane • mitochondrial intermembrane space • ruffle membrane • mitochondrion • actin cytoskeleton • mitochondrial inner membrane • extracellular exosome • cytoskeleton • extracellular region • cell membrane • aggresome • secretory granule lumen Biological process • cell differentiation • regulation of innate immune response • Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis • phosphorylation • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway • immune system process • positive regulation of cell migration • positive regulation of cytokine secretion • response to virus • positive regulation of mast cell degranulation • immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity • protein phosphorylation • regulation of cell proliferation • regulation of cell shape • peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation • integrin-mediated signaling pathway • autophosphorylation • positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling • peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation • regulation of protein kinase activity • regulation of phagocytosis • defense response to Gram-positive bacterium • cell migration • innate immune system • neutrophil degranulation • bone mineralization • skeletal system morphogenesis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2268	14191
Ensembl	ENSG00000000938	ENSMUSG00000028874
UniProt	P09769	P14234
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001042729 NM_001042747 NM_005248	NM_010208
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001036194 NP_001036212 NP_005239	NP_034338
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 27.61 – 27.64 Mb	Chr 4: 132.97 – 133 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

This gene is a member of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). The encoded protein contains N-terminal sites for myristoylation and palmitoylation, a PTK domain, and SH2 and SH3 domains which are involved in mediating protein-protein interactions with phosphotyrosine-containing and proline-rich motifs, respectively. The protein localizes to plasma membrane ruffles, and functions as a negative regulator of cell migration and adhesion triggered by the beta-2 integrin signal transduction pathway. Infection with Epstein-Barr virus results in the overexpression of this gene. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.[6]

Discovery

The feline version of this gene was discovered by Suraiya Rasheed, Murray Gardner, and co-workers.[7]

Interactions

FGR (gene) has been shown to interact with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein.[8][9][10]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000000938 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028874 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Tronick SR, Popescu NC, Cheah MS, Swan DC, Amsbaugh SC, Lengel CR, DiPaolo JA, Robbins KC (Oct 1985). "of Sciences of the United States of America". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82 (19): 6595–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.19.6595. PMC 391256. PMID 2995972.
6. "Entrez Gene: FGR Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma viral (v-fgr) oncogene homolog".
7. Rasheed S, Barbacid M, Aaronson S, Gardner MB (Feb 1982). "Origin and biological properties of a new feline sarcoma virus". Virology. 117 (1): 238–44. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(82)90522-0. PMID 6175084.
8. Banin S, Truong O, Katz DR, Waterfield MD, Brickell PM, Gout I (Aug 1996). "Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is a binding partner for c-Src family protein-tyrosine kinases". Current Biology. 6 (8): 981–8. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00642-5. PMID 8805332. S2CID 162267.
9. Finan PM, Soames CJ, Wilson L, Nelson DL, Stewart DM, Truong O, Hsuan JJ, Kellie S (Oct 1996). "Identification of regions of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein responsible for association with selected Src homology 3 domains" (PDF). The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (42): 26291–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.42.26291. PMID 8824280. S2CID 1945958.
10. Rivero-Lezcano OM, Marcilla A, Sameshima JH, Robbins KC (Oct 1995). "Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein physically associates with Nck through Src homology 3 domains". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 15 (10): 5725–31. doi:10.1128/MCB.15.10.5725. PMC 230823. PMID 7565724.

Further reading

• Patel M, Faulkner L, Katz DR, Brickell PM (1991). "The c-fgr proto-oncogene: expression in Epstein-Barr-virus-infected B lymphocytes and in cells of the myelomonocytic and granulocytic lineages". Pathobiology. 59 (4): 289–92. doi:10.1159/000163665. PMID 1652975.
• Resh MD (Feb 1994). "Myristylation and palmitylation of Src family members: the fats of the matter". Cell. 76 (3): 411–3. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90104-X. PMID 8313462. S2CID 30267126.
• Lowell CA, Berton G (Mar 1999). "Integrin signal transduction in myeloid leukocytes". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 65 (3): 313–20. doi:10.1002/jlb.65.3.313. PMID 10080533.
• Snapper SB, Rosen FS (1999). "The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP): roles in signaling and cytoskeletal organization". Annual Review of Immunology. 17 (1): 905–29. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.905. PMID 10358777.
• Tatosyan AG, Mizenina OA (Jan 2000). "Kinases of the Src family: structure and functions". Biochemistry. Biokhimiia. 65 (1): 49–58. PMID 10702640.
• Patel MS, Mankoo BS, Brickell PM (Apr 1992). "A polymorphic microsatellite repeat is located close to the promoter region of the c-fgr proto-oncogene (FGR) at chromosome 1p36.2-p36.1". Human Molecular Genetics. 1 (1): 65. doi:10.1093/hmg/1.1.65-a. PMID 1339476.
• Link DC, Gutkind SJ, Robbins KC, Ley TJ (May 1992). "Characterization of the 5' untranslated region of the human c-fgr gene and identification of the major myelomonocytic c-fgr promoter". Oncogene. 7 (5): 877–84. PMID 1373875.
• Patel M, Leevers SJ, Brickell PM (Feb 1990). "Structure of the complete human c-fgr proto-oncogene and identification of multiple transcriptional start sites". Oncogene. 5 (2): 201–6. PMID 1690869.
• Biondi A, Paganin C, Rossi V, Benvestito S, Perlmutter RM, Mantovani A, Allavena P (Mar 1991). "Expression of lineage-restricted protein tyrosine kinase genes in human natural killer cells". European Journal of Immunology. 21 (3): 843–6. doi:10.1002/eji.1830210348. PMID 1826268. S2CID 26645112.
• Gutkind JS, Link DC, Katamine S, Lacal P, Miki T, Ley TJ, Robbins KC (Mar 1991). "A novel c-fgr exon utilized in Epstein-Barr virus-infected B lymphocytes but not in normal monocytes". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 11 (3): 1500–7. doi:10.1128/MCB.11.3.1500. PMC 369433. PMID 1847500.
• Patel M, Leevers SJ, Brickell PM (Feb 1990). "Regulation of c-fgr proto-oncogene expression in Epstein-Barr virus infected B-cell lines". International Journal of Cancer. 45 (2): 342–6. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910450222. PMID 2154410. S2CID 22888218.
• Parker RC, Mardon G, Lebo RV, Varmus HE, Bishop JM (Apr 1985). "Isolation of duplicated human c-src genes located on chromosomes 1 and 20". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 5 (4): 831–8. doi:10.1128/MCB.5.4.831. PMC 366788. PMID 2581127.
• Brickell PM, Patel M (Dec 1988). "Structure and expression of c-fgr protooncogene mRNA in Epstein-Barr virus converted cell lines". British Journal of Cancer. 58 (6): 704–9. doi:10.1038/bjc.1988.294. PMC 2246855. PMID 2852026.
• Tronick SR, Popescu NC, Cheah MS, Swan DC, Amsbaugh SC, Lengel CR, DiPaolo JA, Robbins KC (Oct 1985). "Isolation and chromosomal localization of the human fgr protooncogene, a distinct member of the tyrosine kinase gene family". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 82 (19): 6595–9. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.6595T. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.19.6595. PMC 391256. PMID 2995972.
• Cheah MS, Ley TJ, Tronick SR, Robbins KC (1986). "fgr proto-oncogene mRNA induced in B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus infection". Nature. 319 (6050): 238–40. Bibcode:1986Natur.319..238C. doi:10.1038/319238a0. PMID 3003578. S2CID 4323488.
• Nishizawa M, Semba K, Yoshida MC, Yamamoto T, Sasaki M, Toyoshima K (Feb 1986). "Structure, expression, and chromosomal location of the human c-fgr gene". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 6 (2): 511–7. doi:10.1128/MCB.6.2.511. PMC 367540. PMID 3023853.
• Katamine S, Notario V, Rao CD, Miki T, Cheah MS, Tronick SR, Robbins KC (Jan 1988). "Primary structure of the human fgr proto-oncogene product p55c-fgr". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 8 (1): 259–66. doi:10.1128/MCB.8.1.259. PMC 363113. PMID 3275868.
• Inoue K, Ikawa S, Semba K, Sukegawa J, Yamamoto T, Toyoshima K (1988). "Isolation and sequencing of cDNA clones homologous to the v-fgr oncogene from a human B lymphocyte cell line, IM-9". Oncogene. 1 (3): 301–4. PMID 3330776.
• Nishizawa M, Semba K, Yamamoto T, Toyoshima K (Mar 1985). "Human c-f gr gene does not contain coding sequence for actin-like protein". Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 76 (3): 155–9. PMID 3922831.