Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma

The Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma is one of three federally recognized Shawnee tribes. They are located in Oklahoma and Missouri.

Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma
Tribal flag
Total population
2,801[1]
Regions with significant populations
 United States ( Oklahoma)
Languages
Shawnee, English
Religion
Christianity, traditional tribal religion
Related ethnic groups
Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, Shawnee Tribe, and Sac and Fox

The tribe holds an annual powwow every September at their tribal complex.[2]

Government

The headquarters of the Eastern Shawnee Tribe are Wyandotte, Oklahoma, and their tribal jurisdictional area is in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. There are 2,801 enrolled tribal members, and 904 of them living within the state of Oklahoma. Some live nearby in Missouri, where the tribe has a Cultural Preservation Center at Seneca, Missouri and a community in eastern Missouri.

Glenna J. Wallace is the elected chief, currently serving a four-year term.[1] The Eastern Shawnee Tribe issues its own tribal vehicle tags.[1]

Membership in tribe is based on documented lineal descent to persons listed on the Dawes Rolls.[1] The tribe has no minimum blood quantum requirements.

Economic development

The Eastern Shawnee operate their own housing authority as well as the People's Bank of Seneca, Missouri; the Eastern Shawnee Print Shop; Four Feathers Recycling; as well as three casinos, a hotel, a bingo hall, a gas station, a truck stop, and an off-track wagering facility.[1][3] Their annual economic impact is estimated by the Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commissions to be $164,000,000.[1]

History

The Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma is classified as descended from the Shawnee people, an Eastern Woodland tribe who were once nomadic.[4] They occupied territory throughout the territory of the Eastern United States, particularly from Pennsylvania to the west and mostly north of the Ohio River - living in present-day Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, Western Maryland, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania.[3] In the late 18th century, European-American encroachment crowded Shawnee lands in the East, and one band migrated to Missouri — eventually becoming the Absentee Shawnee.[3]

Three reservations were granted to the Shawnee in Ohio by the 1817 Treaty of Fort Meigs: Wapakoneta, Lewistown, and Hog Creek.[5] After the Indian Removal Act of 1830 passed, another Shawnee band, who lived with Iroquois Seneca allies near Lewistown, Ohio, relocated to Indian Territory in July 1831. They would become the Eastern Shawnee Tribe.[2] Another band, who would become the federally recognized Shawnee Tribe, relocated to Kansas in August 1831.[3]

The US federal government carved out a 60,000-acre (240 km2) reservation for the United Nation of Senecas and Shawnee from Cherokee lands in Indian Territory in 1832. A treaty was negotiated between the US and the Seneca and Shawnee in 1867, which made portions of their land available to other tribes, and restored the independence of the Seneca and Shawnee tribes. They were from different language families, Iroquoian and Algonquian, respectively.[2]

The Eastern Shawnee organized as a federally recognized tribe under the 1936 Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act.[2]

In May 2019, the Eastern Shawnee ceremonial grounds flooded with three feet of water. Thirty families were evacuated, and "local roads stayed impassable for weeks." Mold problems have been ongoing. Tribal leaders have joined the city of Miami in opposition to increased water levels at Pensacola Dam and Grand Lake. They argue that when the water backs up downstream on the Neosho River, it can increase problems with flooding in their communities.[6]

Flag

The tribe's flag displays their tribal seal on a red field, with the name of the tribe in black letters. The seal, resembling a warrior's shield, features a Florida panther. Beside expressing ingenuity and fierceness, the panther represents Tecumseh, a great Shawnee leader. A spear bisects the seal and below is a swan, which represents peace, harmony, and beauty. The four eagle feathers represent the four directions; originally five feathers were on the flag, representing the five original clans of the Shawnee.[4]

Notable Eastern Shawnee people
  • Moscelyne Larkin (1925–2012), ballerina
  • Taylor M. Wright (1993-), U.S. Army Officer

Blue Jacket War Chief 1743 - 1810 Thomas Captain SR Thomas A Captain Chief (1884 - 1980)

See also

Notes
  1. 2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory. Archived April 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. 2011: 14. Retrieved 3 Jan 2012.
  2. Smith, Pamela A. Shawnee, Eastern. Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture. 2009 (retrieved 7 Feb 2009)
  3. Smith, Pamela A. Shawnee Tribe (Loyal Shawnee). Archived May 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture. (retrieved 31 Jan 09)
  4. Healy, Donald T and Peter J. Orenski. Native American Flags. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2003: 73-74.
  5. The Shawnee in History. Archived May 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine The Official Website of the Shawnee Tribe. (retrieved 6 Feb 2009)
  6. Mervosh, Sarah (2019-08-27). "A Senator's Lake House vs. a Town Fighting Flooding". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
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