Continental Express Flight 2574

Continental Express Flight 2574 (Jetlink 2574) was a scheduled domestic passenger airline flight operated by Britt Airways[2] from Laredo International Airport in Laredo, Texas, to Houston Intercontinental Airport (IAH) (now called George Bush Intercontinental Airport) in Houston, Texas. On September 11, 1991, the Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia, registered N33701,[3] crashed while the turboprop aircraft was en route to Houston, killing all 14 people on board. The aircraft wreckage hit an area near Eagle Lake, Texas which is located approximately 65 miles (105 km) west-southwest of IAH.

Continental Express Flight 2574
Wreckage of Flight 2574
Accident
DateSeptember 11, 1991 (1991-09-11)
SummaryIn-flight structural failure due to improper maintenance[1]
SiteColorado County, near Eagle Lake, Texas, USA
29°31′38″N 96°23′21″W
Aircraft
Aircraft typeEmbraer EMB 120RT Brasilia
OperatorBritt Airways, Inc., dba Continental Express
IATA flight No.RU2574
ICAO flight No.BTA2574
Call signJETLINK 2574
RegistrationN33701
Flight originLaredo International Airport, Laredo, Texas
DestinationHouston Intercontinental Airport, Houston, Texas
Occupants14
Passengers11
Crew3
Fatalities14
Survivors0

The media stated there was initial speculation that a bomb had destroyed the aircraft; however, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) subsequently discovered that missing screws on the horizontal stabilizer led to the crash.[4]

Aircraft and crew
An Embraer EMB-120 Brasilia similar to the aircraft involved

The Embraer 120 Brasilia, serial number 120077, was built in 1988, three years before the accident, and had accumulated 7,229 flight hours through 10,009 cycles.[1]:8 The Federal Aviation Administration records stated that the aircraft had been sent to the maintenance hangar 33 times for unscheduled repairs.[5]

The crew consisted of 29-year-old Brad Patridge of Kingwood, Texas (Greater Houston) as captain, 43-year-old Clint Rodosovich of Houston as the first officer together with 33-year-old flight attendant, Nancy Reed of Humble, Texas.[6] Both Patridge and Rodosovich were experienced pilots with 4,243 flight hours and 11,543 flight hours (including 2,468 hours and 1,066 hours on the EMB 120 Brasilia), respectively.[1]:5

Incident

The EMB 120 departed Laredo International Airport at 09:09, operating under Federal Aviation Regulation Part 135 and after a normal takeoff was assigned a cruise altitude of flight level 250 (FL250), then reassigned to FL240. At 09:54 the flightcrew responded to the Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center, and started descending to nine thousand feet. At approximately 10:03 while descending through 11,500 feet with an indicated airspeed of 260 knots the leading edge of the left horizontal stabilizer separated from the airframe, and the airplane pitched down dramatically, rolling around on an axis as the left wing folded.[1] The escaping fuel from the wings ignited, and the pilots lost consciousness from the severe G-forces due to the major oscillations of the crippled aircraft. The wreckage fell in southeast Colorado County, Texas, exploding on impact, off Farm to Market Road 102, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Eagle Lake, Texas,[7] and 60 miles (97 km) west of Downtown Houston.[8] The Texas Department of Public Safety said rescue units discovered no survivors.[7] The wreckage was spread over a 2- to 4-square-mile (10 km2) area; some pieces fell into the Colorado River.[8] About $500,000 (1991 value; currently $900,000[9]) worth of diamonds were discovered in the wreckage; they had no role in the crash.[6]

Investigation

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation revealed that screws had been removed from the horizontal stabilizer during maintenance the night before the accident and, following a shift change, the screws had not been replaced.[1]:48,49 The plane crashed on its second flight of the day.

NTSB cited the failure of airline maintenance and inspection personnel to adhere to proper maintenance and quality assurance procedures. The failure of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) surveillance to detect and verify compliance with approved procedures was cited as a contributing factor.[1]:49 Following the accident, the FAA conducted a National Aviation Safety Inspection Program (NASIP) of Continental Express' maintenance program. It found very few safety deficiencies, and complimented the airline on its internal evaluation system. NTSB expressed concern that the NASIP did not find deficiencies in shift turnover procedures and other matters relevant to the accident, and recommended that the agency improve its NASIP procedures.

Probable cause

The NTSB determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows:

"The failure of Continental Express maintenance and inspection personnel to adhere to proper maintenance and quality assurance procedures for the airplane's horizontal stabilizer de-ice boots that led to the sudden in-flight loss of the partially secured left horizontal stabilizer leading edge and the immediate severe nose-down pitchover and breakup of the airplane. Contributing to the cause of the accident was the failure of the Continental Express management to ensure compliance with the approved maintenance procedures, and the failure of FAA surveillance to detect and verify compliance with approved procedures."[1]:50

Role in developing the culture of safety

Experts say that the crash of Continental Express Flight 2574 was the most dramatic turning point for "safety culture" in the United States.[10] As a member of the NTSB at that time, Dr. John Lauber suggested that the probable cause of this accident included "The failure of Continental Express management to establish a corporate culture which encouraged and enforced adherence to approved maintenance and quality assurance procedures".[1]:54 As a result of this and other similar aviation accidents, safety culture came to the forefront as the exclusive topic at the U.S. National Summit on Transportation Safety, hosted by the NTSB in 1997.

This movement for air safety continued with the enactment on April 5, 2000, of the Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century, which is also called AIR 21.

Dramatization

The Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic TV series Mayday featured the accident in a season 11 episode titled "Breakup Over Texas".[11]

See also

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Transportation Safety Board.

  1. Aircraft Accident Report: Britt Airways, Inc., d/b/a Continental Express Flight 2574, In-Flight Structural Breakup, EMB-120RT, N33701, Eagle Lake, Texas, September 11, 1991 (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. July 21, 1992. NTSB/AAR-92/04. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  2. "In-Flight Structural Breakup, Britt Airways, Inc. dba Continental Express Flight 2574, EMB-120RT, N33701, Eagle Lake, Texas, September 11, 1991". www.ntsb.gov. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  3. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Embraer EMB-120RT Brasilia N33701 Eagle Lake, TX". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  4. Muck, Patti. "Crash searchers find stabilizer/Discovery points to maintenance mix-up, not bomb." Houston Chronicle. Monday September 16, 1991. A1. Retrieved on August 23, 2009.
  5. Gill, Dee and Ivanovich, David. "Crash in Colorado County/Plane sent for repairs 33 times, records show." Houston Chronicle. Thursday September 12, 1991. A13. Retrieved on August 23, 2009.
  6. Horswell, Cindy; Milling, T. J. & Sallee, Rad. (September 14, 1991). "Crash in Colorado County/Attendant on doomed aircraft had resigned to take a new job". Houston Chronicle. p. A27. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
  7. Staff. "12 killed in commuter jet crash/Laredo-to-Houston flight goes down near Eagle Lake." Houston Chronicle. Wednesday September 11, 1991. A1. Retrieved on August 23, 2009.
  8. Muck, Patti, Toth, John, Liebrum, Jennifer, and Gill, Dee. "14 die in commuter air crash/Charred site is 60 miles west of city." Houston Chronicle. Thursday September 12, 1991. A1. Retrieved on August 23, 2009.
  9. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  10. Meshkati, N. (April 1997). Human Performance, Organizational Factors and Safety Culture. Symposium, Corporate culture and transportation safety; 1997; Arlington, VA. Washington: National Transportation Safety Board.
  11. "Breakup Over Texas". Mayday. Season 11. 2011. Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic Channel.
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