Capture of Aden (1548)

The Capture of Aden of 1548 was accomplished when Ottomans under Piri Reis managed to take the harbour of Aden in Yemen from the Portuguese on 26 February 1548.[1]

Capture of Aden
Part of Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)
Ottoman fleet in the Indian Ocean in the 16th century.
Date 26 February 1548 Location Aden, Yemen Result Ottoman victory Ottomans recapture Aden
Belligerents
Ottoman Empire	Portuguese Empire
Commanders and leaders
Piri Reis	Paju de Noronha

Background

Aden cannon of Hadim Suleiman Pasha founded by Mohammed ibn Hamza in 1530–31 for an Ottoman invasion of India. Taken in the capture of Aden in 1839 by Henry Smith of HMS Volage to Tower of London.

Aden had already been captured by the Ottomans for Suleiman the Magnificent in 1538 by Hadim Suleiman Pasha, in order to provide an Ottoman base for raids against Portuguese possessions on the western coast of India.[2] Sailing on to India, the Ottomans failed against the Portuguese at the Siege of Diu in September 1538, but then returned to Aden where they fortified the city with 100 pieces of artillery.[2][3]

From this base, Sulayman Pasha managed to take control of the whole country of Yemen, also taking Sanaa.[2] In 1547, Aden arose against the Ottomans however and invited the Portuguese instead, so that the Portuguese were in control of the city.[4]

The Battle

Ali bin Suleyman al-Tawlaki who was a local chieftain fought the Ottoman navy of 60 ships of various sizes which arrived on 15 November 1547 until he died, then he was succeeded by his son, Mohammed, who kept resisting until a small Portuguese fleet arrived on 19 January 1548. However, the Portuguese were forced to retreat to Zeila, where 120 sailors were captured, and their ships were burned. Eventually, the Ottomans managed to win and the city was captured by Piri Reis on 26 February 1548.[5]

Aftermath

Piri Reis would continue with successes against the Portuguese with the Capture of Muscat (1552).

Notes

1. Ezel Kural Shaw. "History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey". pp. 106–107.
2. The history of Aden, 1839-72 by Zaka Hanna Kour p. 2
3. Halil İnalcik. "An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire". p. 326.
4. R. B. Serjeant, The Portuguese off the South Arabian Coast, Hadrami Chronicles, Oxford, 1963, p. 20.
5. Ertuğrul Önalp (12 December 2013). "Pîrî Reis'in Hürmüz Seferi ve İdamı Hakkındaki Türk ve Portekiz Tarihçilerinin Düşünceleri" [The Military Expedition of Piri Reis to Hormuz and the Considerations of Turkish and Portuguese Historians About his Execution] (PDF) (in Turkish). p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2013.