Askania-Nova

Askania-Nova (Ukrainian: Асканія-Нова) is a biosphere reserve (sanctuary) located in Kherson Oblast, Ukraine, within the dry Taurida steppe near Oleshky Sands. The reserve consists of a zoological park, a botanical (dendrological) garden, and an open territory of virgin steppes.

Askania-Nova
IUCN category Ia (strict nature reserve)
Przewalski's Horse
Location of Askania-Nova in Ukraine
LocationAskania-Nova (settlement), Chaplynka Raion, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine
Coordinates46°27′07″N 33°52′51″E
Area333.08 km2 (128.60 sq mi)
Established1984
Governing bodyNational Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
Websitehttp://askania-nova-zapovidnik.gov.ua/en/

History
The tomb of Falz-Fein

The nature reserve was established in 1898 by Friedrich-Jacob Eduardovych Falz-Fein (1863–1920) around the German colony of Askania-Nova, which only in 1890 became an organized settlement, Khutir.

In March 1919, Askania-Nova was confiscated from the Falz-Fein family by the Red Army as part of the state nationalization programme. The last owner refused to evacuate to Germany. She was Sofia-Louise Bohdanivna (Gottlieb) Knauff (1835–1919), the mother of Friedrich Falz-Fein. Her refusal resulted in her summary execution by two Red Army guardsmen who shot her for failing to surrender her estate in Khorly (today a port in Kherson Oblast).[1] On April 1, 1919, Askania-Nova was declared a People's Sanctuary Park by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR; while on February 8, 1921, it was reorganized into a State Steppe Reserve of the Ukrainian SSR. The main purposes of the reserve was to preserve and study the environment of the virgin steppe as well as possibly to acclimatize and study a larger number of animal and plant types. Askania-Nova became a scientific-steppe station, a zoo-technical station with breeding farms, a phyto-technical station, and included various other scientific institutions. Notably, the zoo and botanical garden were greatly expanded. Part of the reserve included portions of steppe reserve, an acclimatization zoo, and an arboretum. From 1932 to 1956, the reserve was transformed into the All-Union scientific-research institute for the hybridization and acclimatization of animals of M. Ivanov. It consisted of 12 departments (including the botanical garden, steppe reserve steppe, and zoo), nine laboratories, conducting experimental farming, and four breeding centres for agricultural animals. The institute became the centre of scientific-researching works in the field of breed creation and the major hub for breeding farms. During both World War I and World War II, the reserve was devastated.

In 1983, Askania-Nova was reorganized into a biosphere reserve and the following year it was designated as the Soviet member of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves of UNESCO. After the fall of the Soviet Union, in 1993, Ukraine confirmed the status of the biosphere reserve Askania-Nova.

The biosphere reserve
A two-day-old foal born to a mare of the rare Przewalski's Horse
Jubilee coin dedicated to 100th Anniversary of Ascania Nova Reserve

The reserve consists of the acclimatization zoo, arboretum (2.1 km², or 518.9 acre), and virgin steppe sanctuary (110 km², or 42.5 sq mi), the last such area in Europe) and has total area of 825 km² (318.5 sq mi).

In addition to local species it hosts ostriches, bison, antelopes, wild horses, llamas, zebras and many bird species. More than 200 species of foliaceous and coniferous plants were brought from different parts of the world and planted in the dendrologic garden during 1885 – 1902. About 600 higher plants (both perennial and annual), 16 species of which were entered to the Red Data Book of Ukraine, have been preserved in their primary natural form.

The reserve is known for a group of Przewalski's Horse, the largest group kept in captivity, living on area around 30 km² (11.5 sq mi).

The Turkmenian kulan (Equus hemionus kulan) has been reintroduced to the Askania-Nova reserve.

The Askania-Nova wetland Great Chapli Depression is registered on the International list of Ramsar Convention and has an area of 4x6 km.

Part of the sanctuary include a small town and six villages with total population of 10,000 people (1997). There is no direct railroad station in the area and the sanctuary can be reached by bus.

In 2008, Askania was named one of Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine.

Climate
Climate data for Askania-Nova
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.3
(61.3)		 20.6
(69.1)		 23.9
(75.0)		 28.1
(82.6)		 34.4
(93.9)		 37.7
(99.9)		 40.1
(104.2)		 40.3
(104.5)		 36.6
(97.9)		 33.5
(92.3)		 25.4
(77.7)		 16.1
(61.0)		 40.3
(104.5)
Average high °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3)		 1.9
(35.4)		 7.3
(45.1)		 15.9
(60.6)		 22.4
(72.3)		 26.8
(80.2)		 29.6
(85.3)		 28.8
(83.8)		 23.3
(73.9)		 15.7
(60.3)		 8.3
(46.9)		 3.2
(37.8)		 15.5
(59.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.9
(26.8)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 2.2
(36.0)		 9.4
(48.9)		 15.7
(60.3)		 20.2
(68.4)		 22.9
(73.2)		 21.9
(71.4)		 16.3
(61.3)		 9.6
(49.3)		 4.3
(39.7)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 9.9
(49.8)
Average low °C (°F) −6.1
(21.0)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 3.5
(38.3)		 8.8
(47.8)		 13.4
(56.1)		 15.9
(60.6)		 15.0
(59.0)		 9.9
(49.8)		 4.5
(40.1)		 0.7
(33.3)		 −3.0
(26.6)		 4.7
(40.5)
Record low °C (°F) −30.3
(−22.5)		 −32.5
(−26.5)		 −22.5
(−8.5)		 −8.7
(16.3)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 0.9
(33.6)		 7.4
(45.3)		 3.8
(38.8)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 −11.2
(11.8)		 −22.4
(−8.3)		 −24.3
(−11.7)		 −32.5
(−26.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 28.7
(1.13)		 27.4
(1.08)		 24.6
(0.97)		 28.5
(1.12)		 40.3
(1.59)		 48.8
(1.92)		 44.2
(1.74)		 32.2
(1.27)		 28.2
(1.11)		 26.5
(1.04)		 33.9
(1.33)		 34.7
(1.37)		 398.0
(15.67)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 6.7 6.2 5.4 5.4 6.3 6.0 5.1 4.1 3.8 3.4 6.6 7.6 66.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 70 81 140 191 268 297 316 299 242 179 75 50 2,208
Source 1: Climatebase.ru[2]
Source 2: NOAA (sun and precipitation days 1961–1990)[3]

Access

The sanctuary is located in a relatively remote area. Its territory completely overlaps the Askania Nova municipality which beside its main town includes five small rural settlements:[4] Illinka (569), Komysh (313), Molochne (762), Novyi Etap (72), Pytomnyk (859); and a separate rural municipality of Markeyevo (783) consisting a former village of the same name. Towards the sanctuary and the town of Askania-Nova leads a "spur" of the regional route P47 which branches out from the main route near the village of Chkalove (Novotroitske Raion). The main route of P47 runs from Kherson to Henichesk and intersects European routes E58 and E105.

The Winter Horses by Philip Kerr (ISBN 978-0-385-75543-6). Historical fiction tells the story of two people at Askaniya-Nova in Ukraine attempting to save Przewalski's horses from the dinner tables of Nazi soldiers during World War II.

See also

References
  1. Falz-Fein Lineage (in English)
  2. "Askanija-Nova, Ukraine Climate data (Period supervision: 1910–2005)". Climatebase. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  3. "ASKANIJA NOVA Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  4. List of settlements of Askania-Nova municipality Archived September 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine


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