April 1968

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April 4, 1968: assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
April 11, 1968: President Johnson signs Civil Rights Bill of 1968
April 20, 1968: FBI identifies King's accused assassin
The balcony outside Room 306

The following events occurred in April 1968:

April 1, 1968 (Monday)

April 2, 1968 (Tuesday)

April 3, 1968 (Wednesday)
  • At the request of Mayor Henry Loeb of Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. District Judge Bailey Brown issued a temporary restraining order to prohibit Martin Luther King Jr.'s plan to lead a march of 6,000 men through Memphis on April 8. King announced that he would ignore the order, telling the press "We are not going to be stopped by Mace or injunctions or any other method that the city plans to use."[15] King's attorneys appeared in court the next morning for a hearing to set aside the injunction.[16]
  • King delivered his final speech, later known as "I've Been to the Mountaintop", in the Masonic Temple in Memphis, in what was later described as "in many respects, a summary of the cause to which King had dedicated his life"[17] and "An eerie prescience of his death".[18] Commenting about a prior stabbing and about threats to his life, he asked "What would happen to me from some of our sick white brothers? Well, I don't know what will happen now... But it really doesn't matter with me now, because I've been to the mountaintop."
  • The first round of the 22nd annual draft of the National Basketball Association was held. Wes Unseld was the first choice, picked by the Baltimore Bullets.

April 4, 1968 (Thursday)
  • American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated as he stood on a balcony at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis. King and his associate, Ralph Abernathy, had been staying at Room 306 of the motel. James Earl Ray had rented a room at a boarding house that had a view of the motel. At 6:01 in the evening, King was preparing to go to dinner with his associates, and was walking back into the room to get his overcoat. At that moment, Ray fired a single shot from a .30-06 rifle, and the bullet struck King in the neck. King was rushed to the St. Joseph's Hospital and pronounced dead at 7:05. The powerful figure, described as a weapon of non-violence, was killed at the age of 39.[19][20][21]
  • U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy went ahead with a rally in Indianapolis, where he gave a short but powerful speech that is sometimes credited with having limited the rioting that would be seen in many other American cities immediately following the assassination.[22][23]
  • The unmanned Apollo 6 was launched at 7:00 a.m. from Cape Kennedy, as the second test-flight of the Saturn V launch vehicle. A mockup of the 28-ton CSM (Command/Service Module) and the 17-ton Apollo Lunar Module were propelled into earth orbit, but the premature shutdown of two second stage engines and the overcompensation of other engines put the vehicles into an altitude "110 miles too high" and consumed most of the fuel that would have been necessary to propel the craft out of Earth orbit and to the Moon. "If the Apollo 6 had carried men," an AP report noted, "a mission to the moon would have been aborted."[24] The craft re-entered the atmosphere almost 10 hours after its launch and was recovered in the Pacific Ocean by the USS Okinawa.[25][26]
  • The Reverend Terence Cooke was installed as the new Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York in an investiture ceremony that began at 1:00 p.m. at St. Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan.[27]
  • Jozef Lenárt, who had been Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia since 1963, resigned along with his cabinet in the wake of the reforms of the Prague Spring. Lenart was asked to step down at an evening meeting of the Central Committee of the Czechoslovakian Communist Party, whose members took an unprecedented vote by secret ballot. Deputy Prime Minister Oldrich Cernik was appointed to succeed Lenart.[28]
  • Died: Erno Crisa, 44, Italian character actor

April 5, 1968 (Friday)

April 6, 1968 (Saturday)
Prime Minister Trudeau
Tower over the HemisFair

April 7, 1968 (Sunday)

April 8, 1968 (Monday)

April 9, 1968 (Tuesday)
  • Funeral services were held in Atlanta for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., beginning with a private service for family and friends at Ebenezer Baptist Church, where King and his father had both served as senior pastors. Those attending include Mahalia Jackson, who sang King's favorite hymn, "Take My Hand, Precious Lord". Afterward, a three-mile procession, observed by an estimated 150,000 people, was made to Morehouse College, King's alma mater, for a public service.[60]
  • Mrs. Lorraine "Loree" Bailey, the co-owner of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis and the inspiration for its name,[61] died at the age of 58. Mrs. Bailey had suffered a stroke just 2½ hours after King's assassination.[62]
  • The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) made its first humanitarian aid flight to aid Biafra, arriving and departing by night on a poorly-lit airstrip. During the first three months of bringing supplies to relieve famine and disease in the west African area, the ICRC made one flight per week, for 13 in all.[63]
  • Born: Giovanni Piacentini, Italian association football player, in Modena.

April 10, 1968 (Wednesday)

April 11, 1968 (Thursday)
Rudi Dutschke
  • Rudi Dutschke, the leader of the West German left-wing movement (APO), was seriously wounded in an assassination attempt by Josef Bachmann, who shot Dutschke twice in the head outside the Socialist German Student Union (Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund, or SDS) offices on the Kurfürstendamm in West Berlin.[67] Dutschke survived after emergency surgery, but would suffer seizures for the rest of his life and would die of his brain injuries 11 years later.[68]
  • German left-wing students blockaded the Springer Press HQ in Berlin and many were arrested, including Ulrike Meinhof, who would found the Baader-Meinhof Gang.[69]
  • U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which included the Fair Housing Act as its Title VIII section, into law. For the first time, it was a violation of federal law for a homeowner to refuse to sell or rent a dwelling to a person based upon race, color, religion, or national origin.[70] A day earlier, the bill had been approved by the U.S. House of Representatives, 250 to 172, after clearing the U.S. Senate, 71-20, on March 11.[71]
  • Tampa, Florida, became the first city to rename a street as a legacy to Martin Luther King Jr., with the city council voting unanimously "to change the name of Main Street, between North Boulevard and MacDill Avenue to Dr. Martin Luther King Boulevard in honor of the assassinated Negro leader."[72]

April 12, 1968 (Friday)
  • The Passover seder was celebrated in the city of Hebron ten months after Israel had acquired the territory in the Six-Day War, and for the first time since the 1929 Hebron massacre.[73] Over 40 Orthodox Jews gathered at the Al-Naher Al-Khaled Hotel (as the guests of the Palestinian Arab hotel owner, Fahed Al-Qwasmeh) after Rabbi Moshe Levinger had advertised the gathering in a newspaper advertisement. Although Israeli General Uzi Narkiss had granted Levinger's party permission to enter the Palestinian city on the agreement that they would depart the next day, the group hoisted the Israeli flag over the hotel and announced their plans to stay in town permanently. After moving from the hotel to a military compound on the edge of Hebron, the increasing number of Israeli settlers would establish Kiryat Arba, a permanent settlement on the West Bank, in 1970.[74]
  • The 36-story tall Kasumigaseki Building was opened in Tokyo as the first modern office skyscraper in Japan.[75] It would remain the tallest building in Tokyo until 1970 when superseded by the World Trade Center (Tokyo).[76]
  • Died: Heinz Nordhoff, 69, CEO of Volkswagen who rebuilt the "people's car" company in West Germany after World War II

April 13, 1968 (Saturday)

April 14, 1968 (Sunday)
  • Golf's Masters Tournament was won by one stroke by Bob Goalby, even though he and Roberto De Vicenzo had both made 277 strokes on 72 holes. On the par-4 17th (and penultimate) hole, De Vicenzo had made a birdie (one stroke under the par-4, or three strokes overall), but his golfing partner, Tommy Aaron, had written "4" on the scorecard and added the score to 66. De Vicenzo then signed the card without noting the error, and rather than heading to an 18-hole playoff to break a 277-277 tie with Goalby, De Vicenzo was deemed under Masters Tournament rules to have finished in second place. Argentina-born De Vicenzo was a good sport about the loss by a technicality, and, in acknowledging that he had signed the scorecard without looking at it, commented to reporters, "What a stupid I am!".[80]
  • A nova of the star LV Vul, located within the region of the constellation Vulpecula, was observed on Earth for the first time. English astronomer George Alcock spotted the event nine months after he discovered Nova Delphini (HR Del) in 1967. The peak magnitude of LV Vul (4.8) would be observed on April 21.[81]
  • Infiltrators from North Korea crossed the demilitarized zone into South Korea and ambushed a United States Army truck carrying six soldiers about 800 yards away from Panmunjom, killing two Americans and two South Koreans. The other two occupants, both American, survived.[82]
  • The Soyuz test spacecraft Kosmos 212 was launched by the Soviet Union. The next day, Kosmos 213 was launched and the two unmanned ships were linked together by remote commands from the Soviet Union.[83]
  • Born: Anthony Michael Hall, American film and television actor; in West Roxbury, Boston

April 15, 1968 (Monday)
  • The New York Mets and the Houston Astros went into extra innings in a game at the Astrodome, summarized by the headline in The Sporting News, "24 Innings, Six Hours, One Run".[84] The game ended at 1:37 on Tuesday morning when Mets' shortstop Al Weis let a ground ball roll between his feet with the bases loaded, permitting the Astros' Norm Miller to score the winning run for the 1-0 victory. By then, less than 1,000 of the 14,219 paid customers were still watching.[85]
  • Born:
  • Died:

April 16, 1968 (Tuesday)

April 17, 1968 (Wednesday)

April 18, 1968 (Thursday)

April 19, 1968 (Friday)
  • Minnesota insurance agent Ralph Plaisted and three other members of his amateur exploration expedition became the first persons to reach the North Pole by an overland route since 1909, and possibly the first ever, after completing a 474-mile, 44-day trip by snowmobiles. Plaisted, Walter H. Pederson, Gerald R. Pitzel and Jean Luc Bombardier (employed by Bombardier Inc. as a technician to service the Bombardier snowmobiles) arrived at the top of the world at 2100 UTC (3:00 p.m. in Minnesota).[90] In later years, as historians came to doubt that Robert Peary's expedition had actually reached the North Pole on April 6, 1909, a historian would note that although "most of the media considered Plaisted's trek more of a stunt than the actual achievement that it was... it was Plaisted, the amateur explorer and insurance salesman from Duluth— and not Robert Peary— who was first to reach the Pole over the pack ice."[91]
  • Led by Sergeant Major John Amadu Bangura of the Army of Sierra Leone, a group of non-commissioned officers overthrew the military government of General Andrew Juxon-Smith and other members of the National Reformation Council who had staged a coup in 1967.[92] Juxon-Smith and his deputy, Major William Leigh, were arrested and the mutineers set up a 14-member "National Interim Council" chaired by Warrant Officer First Class Patrick Conteh.[93][94] Bangura pledged to restore civilian rule and to invited Sir Henry Lightfoot Boston, who had forced to leave after the 1967 coup, to reassume his role as Governor-General.[95]
  • Amby Burfoot won the 72nd Boston Marathon.[96]
  • In Valdagno (Vicenza) a strike at the Marzotto textile factory, to protest 400 layoffs, became a battle between workers (joined by some students) and police. The protesters knocked over the monument of the company founder, Gaetano Marzotto, and seized the villas of the estate managers. Dozens of protesters and policemen were injured and 42 workers were arrested. A week later, in solidarity with the strikers, most of the Valdagno town council resigns. The episode started the Hot Autumn, a season of hard conflicts in other Italian factories.[97]
  • Born: Ashley Judd, American actress and political activist; as Ashley Tyler Ciminella in Los Angeles
  • Died: Major General Ronald Urquhart, 62, British Army officer and former commandant of the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst

April 20, 1968 (Saturday)
  • South African Airways Flight 228 crashed just after its 9:00 p.m. takeoff from J. G. Strijdom International Airport in Windhoek, South-West Africa (now Namibia), killing 123 of the 128 people on board.[98] The destruction of the Boeing 707-344C jet Pretoria remains the deadliest aviation accident in Namibian history.[99]
  • British Conservative MP Enoch Powell made what would become known as the Rivers of Blood speech, criticising Commonwealth immigration and anti-discrimination legislation in the Race Relations Bill. Addressing the annual meeting of the West Midlands Conservative Political Centre in Birmingham, Powell didn't use the phrase "rivers of blood" but quoted a section of Virgil's Aeneid and said that as he looked ahead, like the Roman author, "I seem to see 'the River Tiber foaming with much blood.'” (Bella, horrida bella, Et Thybrim multo spumantem sanguine), an allusion to a civil war brought on by the decline of an empire.[100]
  • Pierre Trudeau was sworn in as the 15th Prime Minister of Canada, 48 hours ahead of the originally-scheduled Monday ceremony, in order to "make it possible for the new government to call an election on June 17 and be within the 58 days required by the election machinery".[101] However, Trudeau adjourned his first cabinet meeting without taking action before the 7:00 p.m. deadline.[102][103]
  • The FBI placed the name of James Earl Ray, whom it had initially identified as "Eric Starvo Galt", on its "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" List. The link to Ray, described as "a habitual criminal and escapee from the Mississippi State Prison", was made after comparison of fingerprints at the scene to records of more than 53,000 convicted criminals.[104] Since nobody was removed from the list, the naming of Ray marked the second time in FBI history that there were 11 people on the 10-person list.[105] Four days later, the list would return to 10 after the arrest of fugitive Howard Callens Johnson.[106]
  • MGM's classic film The Wizard of Oz made its NBC debut after having been telecast on CBS since 1956. It would remain on NBC for the next 8 years.[107]
  • Born:
    • Yelena Välbe, Russian Olympic cross-country skier, gold medalist in 1992, 1994 and 1998 Winter Olympics and winner of five consecutive world championships; in Magadan, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
    • J. D. Roth, American game show host and reality show producer; as James David Weinroth in Cherry Hill, New Jersey

April 21, 1968 (Sunday)
  • Enoch Powell was dismissed from the Shadow Cabinet by Opposition leader Edward Heath as a result of his "Rivers of Blood" speech of the previous day, despite several opinion polls suggesting that many of the public shared Powell's anti-immigrant views.[108] Heath, a future Prime Minister, said in a statement that "I have told Mr. Powell that I consider the speech he made in Birmingham yesterday to have been racialist in tone, and liable to exacerbate racial tensions. This is unacceptable from one of the leaders of the Conservative Party..."[109][110]
  • Died: Armando Borghi, 86, journalist and historical leader of the Italian anarchism.

April 22, 1968 (Monday)
  • Civilian government was partially restored to the West African nation of Sierra Leone, three days after a coup overthrew the military government, as Chairman Patrick Conteh of the National Interim Council yielded to Chief Justice Banja Tejan-Sie as the nation's acting Governor-General. Tejan-Sie would continue in that role until his dismissal on March 31, 1971.[93]
  • The Treaty of Tlatelolco, a pledge by most of the nations of the Western Hemisphere agreeing to ban "the testing, use, manufacture, production or acquisition by any means or type" of nuclear weapons within their countries, went into effect. It had been signed in Mexico City on February 14, 1967.[111]
  • The United Nations Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space, conventionally known as the Rescue Agreement, was signed by the United States, the Soviet Union, and other nations. It would enter into force on December 3, 1968.[112]
  • The Lebanese cargo ship Alheli (which had served in World War II as the Liberty ship SS Henry Dodge) was abandoned in the North Atlantic Ocean after springing a leak while en route from Almería to Wilmington, Delaware with a cargo of fluorspar. All 26 members of the crew were rescued by a British freighter, the Megantic, 900 miles east of Bermuda, and were then transferred to the U.S. Coast Guard cutter USCGC Mendota.[113] The Alheli would sink to the bottom of the sea two days later at 33°15′N 45°50′W.[114]
  • Died: Stephen H. Sholes, 57, American record producer for RCA Victor; of a heart attack

April 23, 1968 (Tuesday)
  • The United Methodist Church was established in the United States by the merger of the former Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church.[115] At Dallas Memorial Auditorium, a crowd of 10,000 members of both churches joined hands and repeated the proclamation "Lord of the Church, we are united in Thee, in thy Church, and now in the United Methodist Church".[116] EUBC bishop Reuben Mueller and Methodist bishop Lloyd Wicke led proclamation ceremony accepting the 307-page Plan of Union.[117]
  • The Soviet Union made an unsuccessful launch of an unmanned Zond space capsule that was intended to orbit the Moon as the next step in testing a Soviet manned lunar mission. Three minutes and 15 seconds after the launch, the Zond's escape system activated inadvertently, shutting down the rocket engines and jettisoning the capsule back to Earth. The vehicle was recovered, intact, 520 kilometres (320 mi) away from the launch site, but the next attempt could not be launched for three months.[118]
  • Canada's Prime Minister Trudeau asked Governor-General Roland Michener to dissolve Parliament and to schedule a general election for June 25.[119]
  • Born: Timothy McVeigh, American terrorist, in Lockport, New York (executed 2001)

April 24, 1968 (Wednesday)
  • Columbia University students, protesting against the Vietnam War, took over administration buildings and effectively shut down the Ivy League institution in New York City.[120] The siege would last for six days until broken up by the New York Police Department on April 30.[121]
  • The International Olympic Committee announced that South Africa would be excluded from participating in the 1968 Summer Olympics. After the ballots were counted from the 71 IOC Board members, the result was 47 in favor of banning South Africa, 16 against, and 8 abstaining.[122][123]
  • By a margin of just 8 votes, the government of France's Prime Minister Georges Pompidou survived a motion of censure on plans to introduce commercial advertising on France's ORTF state-operated television network.[124] At the time, there were 486 members of the Assemblée Nationale, and the motion required at least 244 members to vote in its favor, which would require every one of the 244 opposition members to approve. A coalition of Socialists, Communists and Centrists was able to get 236 votes.[125]
  • Police in Mexico arrested an American hitchhiker on suspicion that he was the assassin of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.. Daniel D. Kennedy, of Baltimore, was handcuffed while dining in a cafe in the town of Caborca in the state of Sonora, then brought to Hermosillo for 12 hours of questioning. He was released the next day. A police spokesman told the press afterward that Kennedy "didn't match the photographs" of James Earl Ray "at all".[126] On the same day, a Canadian passport was issued to Ray in the name of Ramon George Sneyd, a Toronto policeman whose identity Ray had stolen.[127]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • Walter Tewksbury, 92, American track and field athlete who won five medals at the 1900 Summer Olympics
    • Tommy Noonan, 46, American film actor, died of a brain tumor

April 25, 1968 (Thursday)
  • Algeria's President Houari Boumedienne survived an assassination attempt. He was being driven away from a cabinet meeting when two assailants fired machine guns at his car, killing one of his bodyguards and causing the President to be struck by flying glass. The assassins were killed by police after fleeing to the hills overlooking Algiers.[128]
  • Alexandru Drăghici, the former Minister of Internal Affairs for Romania and the chief rival to Nicolae Ceaușescu within the Romanian Communist Party, was removed by the party's Politburo from all of his posts. As Minister of Romania's feared secret police, the Securitate, Drăghici had orchestrated the execution of Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu in 1954.[129]
  • The 23rd Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain) bicycle race began. It would be won by Felice Gimondi on May 12 after he was the leader at the completion of the 18 stages of the 3,014 kilometres (1,873 mi) race.
  • Born: Massimo Di Cataldo, Italian singer, in Rome.
  • Died:
    • Donald Davidson, 74, American poet, author, and proponent of racial segregation
    • Anna Maria Mussolini, 38, daughter of Benito Mussolini. She had been disabled by polio since childhood. In order to not be identified with the Fascist era, she had attempted to start a career as a radio host under a nickname.

April 26, 1968 (Friday)
  • The second-largest hydrogen bomb ever tested in the continental United States was detonated underground at the Nevada Test Site. With a yield of 1.3 Megaton, the blast was so powerful that it registered at 6.5 on the Richter Scale and shook buildings 100 miles away in Las Vegas. The crater formed by the weapon, code-named "Boxcar", was 300 feet wide and 50 feet deep.[130]
  • Siaka Stevens was sworn in as the Prime Minister of Sierra Leone, taking the office to which he had been elected in 1967 before a military coup, and restoring Sierra Leone to civilian rule. In 1971, Stevens would become the nation's first President when his nation became a republic.[131]
  • An estimated 200,000 college and high school students in New York City failed to show up for school after a call for a nationwide protest by the Student Mobilization Committee To End the War In Vietnam,[132] but, as contemporary accounts noted "outside of New York City, it appeared that only small numbers of students were taking part in the activities"[133] and "most schools across the country reported normal or near-normal activities".[134] More than 20 years later, a historian would claim that "the largest student protest in the nation's history occurred as more than one million high school and college students boycotted classes to show their disdain for the war."[135]
  • Born: Corrinne Wicks, English TV soap opera actress, in Cheltenham
  • Died: John Heartfield (Helmut Herzfeld), 76, German artist and anti-fascist activist

April 27, 1968 (Saturday)
  • The Abortion Act 1967 came into effect in the UK, legalizing abortion on a number of grounds, with the abortions paid by the National Health Service.[136] The law required an agreement by "two registered medical practitioners" that the risk to the life or to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman would be "greater than if the pregnancy was not terminated" or if there was a substantial risk that the unborn child would be seriously handicapped.[137]
  • Surgeons at the Hôpital de la Pitié in Paris, began the first heart transplant operation to be performed in Europe, and the seventh in the world. A three-man surgical team, led by Dr. Christian Cabrol, began the surgery after 23-year old Michel Gyppaz died of brain injuries received in an automobile accident, and completed it nine hours later. The recipient, Clovis Roblain, suffered damage during the operation after a decrease in the supply of blood and oxygen to his brain.[138] He never regained consciousness and died 51 hours after receiving the new heart.[139][140]
  • The vacant world heavyweight boxing championship was filled by Jimmy Ellis, one year to the day after the World Boxing Association had stripped the title from Muhammad Ali on April 28, 1967. Ellis— who, like Ali, was a native of Louisville, Kentucky— was considered the underdog in the fight in Oakland against Jerry Quarry, won in a split decision after 15 rounds against Quarry, with two judges in his favor and the third calling the bout a draw.[141]
  • U.S. Vice President Hubert Humphrey formally announced that he would seek the Democratic Party nomination to run for President of the United States. Humphrey committed to the run during a speech to supporters at the Shoreham Hotel in Washington, and American television networks interrupted their regular programming to show the speech live.[142][143]
  • National Airlines stopped operating its last Lockheed L-188A Electra propjets and became an "all-jet airline". Its fleet operated Douglas DC-8 and Boeing 727 aircraft.[144] The final flight originated in Boston and made five stops before touching down in Fort Myers, Florida.[145]

April 28, 1968 (Sunday)

April 29, 1968 (Monday)

April 30, 1968 (Tuesday)
  • New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller announced that he would challenge frontrunner Richard M. Nixon for the Republican Party nomination of President of the United States.[150]
  • Officers of the NYPD retook control of five occupied buildings on the campus of Columbia University, arrested 720 demonstrators, and ended the strike that had closed the institution.[151]
  • Jim Cairns unsuccessfully challenged Gough Whitlam for leadership of the Australian Labor Party. The ALP caucus gave Whitlam 38 votes and Cairns 32.[152]
  • The deployment of the 27th U.S. Marine Regimental Landing Team brought the number of Marines stationed in Vietnam to four less than 86,000. The 85,996 U.S. Marines represent the peak of that service branch's presence in the Vietnam War.[153]
  • Died: Clovis Roblain, 65, died less than six hours after receiving the first heart transplant performed in Europe.[154]

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  46. "Jimmy Clark Dies In Germany Crash", Pittsburgh Press, April 8, 1968, p29
  47. Andrew Marriott, "Return to Hockenheim: The memorial that matters", Motor Sport (July 2010)
  48. Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p183 ISBN 0-19-924958-X
  49. "World Sports Racing Prototypes - British Sports Car Championship 1968". Wsrp.ic.cz. Archived from the original on 2013-12-27. Retrieved 2014-01-24.
  50. "36 Die In Crash of Chilean Airliner", Pittsburgh Press, April 9, 1968, p1
  51. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-49K (DC-3) CC-CBM Coyhaique". aviation-safety.net.
  52. "British Airliner Burns on Takeoff", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 9, 1968, p2
  53. Susan Ottaway, Fire over Heathrow: The Tragedy of Flight 712 (Pen and Sword, 2008)
  54. "Janos Kadar and the Czechoslovak Crisis of 1968", by Istvan Vida, in The Cold War: Hot Wars of the Cold War, Volume 3, ed. by Lori Lyn Bogle (Taylor & Francis, 2001) p296
  55. "Kidnaping Death Law Is Altered— Supreme Court Cuts Clause In Lindbergh Statute", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 9, 1968, p2
  56. "'King Day' Urged By GOP Senator", Pittsburgh Press, April 9, 1968, p1
  57. Bulletin, Problems of Drug Dependence (National Research Council, 1969) p5660
  58. Douglas Valentine, The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America's War on Drugs (Verso Press, 2004), p1
  59. James Reston, Jr., A Rift in the Earth: Art, Memory, and the Fight for a Vietnam War Memorial (Skyhorse Publishing, 2017)
  60. "Dr. King Is Buried in Atlanta After Outpouring of Tributes". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 10, 1968. p. 1.
  61. Levy, Peter B., ed. (2015). "Lorraine Motel". The Civil Rights Movement in America: From Black Nationalism to the Women's Political Council. ABC-CLIO. p. 189.
  62. "Stroke Fatal To Wife Of King Hotel Owner". Pittsburgh Press. April 10, 1968. p. 3.
  63. Stremlau, John J. (2015). The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970. Princeton University Press. p. 208.
  64. "150 Feared Dead As Ferry Sinks", Pittsburgh Press, April 10, 1968, p1
  65. "New President for South Africa", Des Moines Tribune", April 10, 1968, p4
  66. "South Africa, Republic of" in Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992, ed. by Harris M. Lentz (Routledge, 2013) p692
  67. "'Red' Rudi Shot in Berlin", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 12, 1968, p6
  68. David Clay Large, Berlin (Basic Books, 2007)
  69. "Rudi's Shooting Sparks German Streets Rioting", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 13, 1968, p2
  70. "President Signs Rights Bill Into Law", Minneapolis Tribune, April 12, 1968, p15
  71. Lawrence J. McAndrews, What They Wished for: American Catholics and American Presidents, 1960-2004 (University of Georgia Press, 2014) p72
  72. "Renaming Honors King", The Tampa Times, April 11, 1968, p1
  73. "Pilgrims Gather For Good Friday", Arizona Daily Star (Tucson AZ), April 13, 1968, p. 6
  74. Ahron R. Bregman, Cursed Victory: A History of Israel and the Occupied Territories, 1967 to the Present (Pegasus Books, 2015)
  75. Mayumi Yoshida Barakan, Judith Connor Greer, Tokyo New City Guide (Tuttle Publishing, 2012) p. 31
  76. "Japan's first skyscraper turns 30". Japan Times. 1998-04-17. Archived from the original on 2015-03-24.
  77. J. Isawa Elaigwu, Gowon: The Biography of a Soldier-Statesman (Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd, 2009) p153
  78. "Elections", in Historical Dictionary of Singapore, by Justin Corfield (Scarecrow Press, 2010) p80
  79. "Moon Eclipse Friday Night", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 11, 1968, p2
  80. "Error Costs De Vicenzo Masters Tie", The Milwaukee Journal, April 15, 1968, p2-13
  81. Martin Mobberley, Cataclysmic Cosmic Events and How to Observe Them (Springer, 2009) p51
  82. "North Korean Raid, Killings Protested", Pittsburgh Press, April 15, 1968, p1
  83. "Russia Links 2 Spaceships", Pittsburgh Press, April 15, 1968, p1
  84. John McMurray. "Almost Three Games in One: Astros 1, Mets 0 on April 15, 1968". Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  85. "Astros Outlast Mets On Error In 24th, 1-0", Pittsburgh Press, April 16, 1968, p1
  86. "Garbage Strike Ends in Memphis". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 17, 1968. p. 2.
  87. "Biografia di Mario Merlino" (in Italian). Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  88. "FBI 'Fleshes Out' King Case Phantom", Pittsburgh Press, April 18, 1968, p1
  89. "Arizona Gets London Bridge", Pittsburgh Press, April 18, 1968, p4
  90. "4 Explorers Sitting 'On Top Of World'", Pittsburgh Press, April 20, 1968, p3
  91. Charles Officer and Jake Page, A Fabulous Kingdom: The Exploration of the Arctic (Oxford University Press, 2012)
  92. "Mutinous Troops Take over in Sierra Leone", Arizona Republic (Phoenix), April 19, 1968, p2
  93. "Sierra Leone, Republic of" in Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992, ed. by Harris M. Lentz (Routledge, 2013) p679
  94. "NCOs seize power", The Age (Melbourne), April 20, 1968, p2
  95. "Civilian rule 'soon'", The Age (Melbourne), April 22, 1968, p2
  96. "Amby Burfoot Wins Boston's Marathon", Hartford Courant, April 20, 1968, p17
  97. "Scontri a Vicenza tra polizia e operai della Marzotto" (in Italian). Retrieved 2018-07-15.
  98. "123 Feared Dead In Jetliner Crash", Pittsburgh Press, April 21, 1968, p1
  99. Edgar A. Haine, Disaster in the Air (Cornwall Books, 2000) pp139-140
  100. Leo Lucassen, The Immigrant Threat: The Integration of Old and New Migrants in Western Europe Since 1850 (University of Illinois Press, 2005) p126
  101. "Trudeau Sworn In Today", Montreal Gazette, April 20, 1968, p1
  102. "June Election Date Still A Possibility", Montreal Gazette, April 22, 1968, p1
  103. "Trudeau, Pierre Elliott", by Paul D. Mageli, in Dictionary of World Biography, Volume IX: The 20th Century, O-Z (Routledge, 1999) p3732
  104. "FBI Print Check Puts Galt-Ray On '10 Most Wanted'", Pittsburgh Press, April 20, 1968, p1
  105. "King Suspect 'Number Up'", Pittsburgh Press, April 21, 1968, p1
  106. "FBI Seizes One Of 'Top 10'", Pittsburgh Press, April 24, 1968, p1
  107. "'Wizard' Back Again", Indianapolis Star, April 20, 1968, p18
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  109. "Mr Heath dismisses Mr Powell after 'racialist' speech", The Guardian (London), April 22, 1968, p1
  110. "Tory Chief Fires Powell, Assails Speech as Racist", Chicago Tribune, April 22, 1968, p1
  111. Haralambos Athanasopulos, Nuclear Disarmament in International Law (McFarland, 2000) p39
  112. Cologne Commentary on Space Law: Outer Space Treaty, ed. by Stephan Hobe, et al. (BWV Verlag, 2017)
  113. "Lebanese Crew Rescued From Its Sinking Ship", Cincinnati Enquirer, April 23, 1968, p3
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  115. "What We Believe—Founder of the United Methodist Church". United Methodist Church of Whitefish Bay. Archived from the original on March 25, 2008. Retrieved August 1, 2007.
  116. "Ceremony Solemnizes EUB-Methodist Merger", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 24, 1968, p2
  117. Russell E. Richey, et al., American Methodism: A Compact History (Abingdon Press, 2012) p201
  118. Brian Harvey, Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration (Springer, 2007) p141
  119. "Elections To Be Held In Canada", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 24, 1968, p2
  120. "Student Sit-In Closes Columbia U. Campus", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 25, 1968, p2
  121. Catherine Reef, Education and Learning in America (Infobase Publishing, 2010) p240
  122. Oshebeng Alpheus Koonyaditse, The Politics of South African Football (African Books Collective, 2010) p33
  123. "IOC Excludes South Africa", Pittsburgh Press, April 24, 1968, p67
  124. Riccardo Brizzi, Charles De Gaulle and the Media: Leadership, TV and the Birth of the Fifth Republic (Springer, 2017) p257
  125. "Gaullists Barely Survive Assembly Censure Bid", The Courier-Journal (Louisville KY), April 25, 1968, p2
  126. "Mexico Frees King Suspect", Pittsburgh Press, April 25, 1968, p1
  127. William F. Pepper, The Plot to Kill King: The Truth Behind the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (Skyhorse Publishing, 2016)
  128. "2 Assassins Slain, Algerian Chief Safe", Pittsburgh Press, April 25, 1968, p1
  129. "Literature and Society in Romania Since 1948", by Dennis Deletant, in Perspectives on Literature and Society in Eastern and Western Europe (Springer, 1989) p137
  130. "'BIGGEST' H-BLAST ROCKS VEGAS— Underground Jolt Felt 100 Miles Off", Pittsburgh Press, April 26, 1968, p1
  131. The Statesman's Year-Book 1973/1974, ed. by John Paxton (Macmillan Press, 1973) p467
  132. "Students Protest Racism, War", Associated Press report in Lansing (MI) State Journal, April 27, 1968, p1
  133. "Students Protest War, Racism", Troy (NY) Record, April 27, 1968, p1
  134. "Student Protest On Viet Fizzles Across Country", Philadelphia Daily News, April 27, 1968, p5
  135. Margaret A. Blanchard, Revolutionary Sparks: Freedom of Expression in Modern America (Oxford University Press, 1992) p325
  136. "Abortions Now Legal In Britain", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 25, 1968, p2
  137. John Keown, Abortion, Doctors and the Law: Some Aspects of the Legal Regulation of Abortion in England from 1803 to 1982 (Cambridge University Press, 2002) pp84-85
  138. "Brain Damage Is Feared After French Transplant", Arizona Republic (Phoenix), April 30, 1968, p1
  139. "Heart swap man dies in Paris", The Age (Melbourne), May 1, 1968, p1
  140. "Il y a 40 ans, la première transplantation cardiaque". ladepeche.fr. 28 April 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  141. "Underdog Ellis Beats Quarry— Louisville Heavy Gains Decision For WBA Crown", Pittsburgh Press, April 28, 1968, p4-1
  142. "HUBERT IN PRESIDENCY BID— Pictures His Bid as One to Unify Country, Party", Chicago Tribune, April 28, 1968, p1
  143. "HHH Throws Hat Into Political Ring", Hartford (CT) Courant, April 28, 1968, p1
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  145. "National Airlines Workhouse Will Be Retired for All-Jets", Fort Myers News-Press, April 26, 1968, p1
  146. "Plane Crash Kills Track Team", Pittsburgh Press, April 29, 1968
  147. "Crash Kills 5 Lamar Tech Tracksters— On Return From Relays", San Antonio Express, April 29, 1968, p1-C
  148. Frank Hoffmann, Chronology of American Popular Music, 1900-2000 (Routledge, 2016) p285
  149. "POMIGLIANO STORY" (in Italian). Retrieved 2018-07-15.
  150. "ROCKY RUNS, GIVES GOP 'CHOICE'— N.Y. Leader Enters Race Against Nixon", Pittsburgh Press, April 30, 1968, p1
  151. "N. Y. Cops Break Up Sit-In at Columbia U.", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, May 1, 1968, p1
  152. "Whitlam's win sparks a new dispute", Sydney Morning Herald, May 1, 1968, p1
  153. Jack Shulimson, U.S. Marines In Vietnam: The Defining Year, 1968 (Pickle Partners Publishing, 2015)
  154. "Transplant Patient Dies In France", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, May 1, 1968, p2
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