Anthem of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

The "State Anthem of the Estonian SSR"[lower-alpha 1] was the regional anthem of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (under the Soviet Union) from 1945 to 1990.

Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistliku Vabariigi hümn
English: 'State Anthem of the Estonian SSR'
Regional anthem of the Estonian SSR
LyricsJohannes Semper
MusicGustav Ernesaks
Adopted20 July 1945[1]
21 July 1956 (modified version)
Relinquished8 May 1990[2]
Succeeded byMu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm
Audio sample
State Anthem of the Estonian SSR (1945 version)
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During the decades of the Soviet occupation of Estonia, the official Estonian anthem was strictly forbidden. Throughout the years of prohibition, Lydia Koidula's poem, Mu isamaa on minu arm, with a melody by Gustav Ernesaks served as means of expressing national feelings, and was regarded as an unofficial anthem of Estonia. With the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991, the official national anthem from 1920 by Fredrik Pacius with lyrics by Johann Voldemar Jannsen was restored.[3]

Along with the Anthem of the Armenian SSR, it is one of the only two SSR anthems without an intro.

Background

The anthem was presented to the government of the USSR on May 1944, three months after the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on February 3, 1944, "On the State Anthems of the Soviet Republics." [4]

The music of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic's anthem was composed by Gustav Ernesaks, and the lyrics were written by Johannes Semper. It, the anthem of the Karelo-Finnish SSR, and the anthem of the Georgian SSR were the only ones not to mention the Russian people. When Stalin died in 1953, during the De-Stalinization, the State Anthems were muted by Nikita Khrushchev alongside with the ESSR Anthem. On July 21, 1956, the third stanza of the lyrics was changed to remove mentions of Joseph Stalin.

Lyrics
Estonian lyrics
Phonemic transcription (IPA)
English translation

I
Jää kestma, Kalevite kange rahvas,
ja seisa kaljuna, me kodumaa!
Ei vaibund kannatustes sinu vahvus,
end läbi sajanditest murdsid sa
(1945–56) ja tõusid töötajate vabaks maaks,
(1956–90) ja tõusid õitsvaks sotsialismimaaks,
et päikene su päevadesse paista saaks.

II
Nüüd huuga, tehas, vili, nurmel vooga,
sirp, lõika, alasile, haamer, löö!
Nõukogu elu, tuksu võimsa hooga,
too õnne rahvale, me tubli töö!
Me Liidu rahvaste ja riike seas
sa, Eesti, sammu esimeste kindlas reas!

III
(1945–53)
Kui kants-nii seisavad su kodurannad,
su ees vaid lainetavad laiad veed.
Sa kõrgel Leninlikku lippu kannad
suur Stalin juhtimas su tõusuteed.
Käi kindlalt, saatmas sind su õnneteel
me võitlusvaim ja kohkumatu mehemeel![5]

(1956–90)
Sa kõrgel Leninlikku lippu kannad
ja julgelt kommunismi rada käid.
Partei me sammudele suuna annab
ja võidult võitudele viib ta meid.
Ta kindlal juhtimisel kasva sa
ja tugevaks ning kauniks saa, me kodumaa![6]

I

/jæː kestmɑ | kɑleʋite kɑnge rɑhʋɑs/
/jɑ seisɑ kɑljunɑ | me kodumɑː/

/ei ʋɑibund kɑnːɑtustes sinu ʋɑhʋus/
/end læbi sɑjɑnditest murdsid sɑ/
(1945–53) /jɑ tɤusid tøːtɑjɑte ʋɑbɑks mɑːks/
(1956–90) /jɑ tɤusid ɤitsʋɑks sotsiɑlismimɑːks/
/et pæikene su pæeʋɑdesːe pɑistɑ sɑːks/

II

/nyːd huːgɑ | tehɑs | ʋili | nurmel ʋoːgɑ/
/sirp | lɤikɑ | ɑlɑsile | hɑːmer | løː/
/nɤukogu elu | tuksu ʋɤimsɑ hoːgɑ/
/toː ɤnːe rɑhʋɑle | me tubli tøː/

/me liːdu rɑhʋɑste jɑ riːke seɑs/

/sɑ | eːsti | sɑmːu esimeste kindlɑs reɑs/


III
(1945–53)
/kui kɑntsniː seisɑʋɑd su kodurɑnːɑd/
/su eːs ʋɑid lɑinetɑʋɑd lɑiɑd ʋeːd/
/sɑ kɤrgel leninlikːu lipːu kɑnːɑd/
/suːr stɑlin juhtimɑs su tɤusuteːd/

/kæi kindlɑlt | sɑːtmɑs sind su ɤnːeteːl/

/me ʋɤitlusʋɑim jɑ kohkumɑtu mehemeːl/

(1956–90)
/sɑ kɤrgel leninlikːu lipːu kɑnːɑd/
/jɑ julgelt komːunismi rɑdɑ kæid/
/pɑrtei me sɑmːudele suːnɑ ɑnːɑb/
/jɑ ʋɤidult ʋɤitudele ʋiːb tɑ meid/
/tɑ kindlɑl juhtimisel kɑsʋɑ sɑ/

/jɑ tugeʋɑks ning kɑuniks sɑː | me kodumɑː/[lower-alpha 2]

I
Endure, heroic people of Kalevs
and stand as a rock, our homeland!
Your courage did not subside in the sufferings,
You broke yourself through the centuries
(1945–56) and arose as a free land of workers,
(1956–90) and arose a socialist country in blossom,
for sun could shine in your days.
 
II
Ye roar, factories, and corn-fields, wave;
Reap, sickle, and beat out, hammer!
May the life of the Soviets throb in mighty swing;
May happiness be brought to people by good labor!
Among our Soviet nations and states
Estonia, march in the firm fore!

III
(1945–53)
Thy home beaches stand as a castle,
wide waters only wave before you.
You're bearing Lenin's banner high,
great Stalin leading your ascent.
March steadily with our fighting spirit
and bold manly mind guiding you!

(1956–90)
You're bearing Lenin's banner high,
You're boldly marching your Communist way.
Our Party will lead our steps
and take us from victory to victory.
Grow in her firm leadership
And become mighty and fair, our Homeland!

Notes
  1. Estonian: Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistliku Vabariigi hümn; Russian: Гимн Эстонской Советской Социалистической Республики, romanized: Gimn Estonskoj Sovetskoj Socialističeskoj Respubliki
  2. See Help:IPA/Estonian and Estonian phonology.

References
  1. "Eesti NSV hümn". Postimees. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  2. "Seadus Eesti sümboolikast". Riigi Teataja. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  3. "National anthem of the Republic of Estonia". eesti.ee. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
  4. "National anthem of the Republic of Estonia". news.tut.by. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
  5. "Postimees (1886-1944), nr. 170, 24 juuli 1945". dea.digar.ee.
  6. "The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic Anthem". Marxists.org. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
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