Albert G. Jenkins

Albert Gallatin Jenkins (November 10, 1830 – May 21, 1864) was a Virginia attorney, planter, slaveholder, politician and soldier from what would become West Virginia during the American Civil War. He served in the United States Congress and later the First Confederate Congress. After Virginia's secession, Jenkins raised a company of partisan rangers and rose to become a Confederate brigadier general, commanding of a brigade of cavalry. Wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg and again during the Confederate loss at the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain (during which he was captured), Jenkins died days after his arm was amputated by Union surgeons. His former home is now a museum operated by the West Virginia Division of Culture and History.

Albert Gallatin Jenkins
U.S. Representative Albert G. Jenkins
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 11th district
In office March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1861
Preceded by	John S. Carlile
Succeeded by	John S. Carlile
Personal details
Born	November 10, 1830 Cabell County, Virginia (now West Virginia)
Died	May 21, 1864 (aged 33) Battle of Cloyd's Mountain
Political party	Democratic
Military service
Allegiance	Confederate States of America
Branch/service	Confederate States Army
Rank	Brigadier general
Battles/wars	American Civil War: Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Cloyd's Mountain (DOW)

Early and family life

Jenkins was born to wealthy planter Capt. William Jenkins and his wife Jeanette Grigsby McNutt in Cabell County, in what was then Virginia. After a private education suitable for his class, he attended Marshall Academy when he was fifteen. He graduated from Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1848 and from Harvard Law School in 1850.

Early career

Admitted to the Virginia bar the same year, Jenkins practiced in Charleston. In 1859, he inherited part of his father's sprawling plantation. He was named a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in Cincinnati in 1856, and was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth United States Congresses.

Civil War

Jenkins in the Civil War

With the outbreak of the Civil War and Virginia's subsequent secession, Jenkins resigned from Congress in early 1861. He raised a company of mounted partisan rangers, which by June was enrolled in the Confederate Army as a part of the 8th Virginia Cavalry, with Jenkins as its colonel. By the year's end, his men had become such a nuisance to the Federals in western Virginia that military governor Francis H. Pierpont appealed to President Abraham Lincoln to send in a strong leader to stamp out the rebellion in the area. Early in 1862, Jenkins was elected as a delegate to the First Confederate Congress. After promotion to brigadier general on August 1, 1862, he returned to active duty. Throughout the fall, his men harassed Union troops and supply lines, including the vital Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.

In September, Jenkins's cavalry raided northern Kentucky and now West Virginia. They briefly entered extreme southern Ohio across from Ravenswood, West Virginia, becoming one of the first organized Confederate units to enter a Northern state. In December, Robert E. Lee requested that Jenkins and his men transfer to the Shenandoah Valley.

After spending the winter foraging for supplies, he led his men on a raid in March 1863 through western Virginia, seeking to influence the popular vote which ultimately created the state of West Virginia. During the Gettysburg Campaign, Jenkins' brigade formed the cavalry screen for Richard S. Ewell's Second Corps. Jenkins led his men through the Cumberland Valley into Pennsylvania and seized Chambersburg, burning down nearby railroad structures and bridges. He accompanied Ewell's column to Carlisle, briefly skirmishing with Union militia at the Battle of Sporting Hill near Harrisburg. During the subsequent Battle of Gettysburg, Jenkins was wounded on July 2 and missed the rest of the fighting. He did not recover sufficiently to rejoin his command until fall.

Jenkins' grave in the Confederate plot at Spring Hill Cemetery in Huntington, West Virginia

He spent the early part of 1864 raising and organizing a large cavalry force for service in western Virginia. By May, Jenkins had been appointed Commander of the Department of Western Virginia with his headquarters at Dublin. Hearing that Union Brig. Gen. George Crook had been dispatched from the Kanawha Valley with a large force, Jenkins took the field to contest the Federal arrival. On May 9, 1864, he was severely wounded and captured during the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain, a Union victory which destroyed the last railroad line connecting Tennessee and Virginia.

Death and legacy

A Union surgeon amputated Jenkins' arm, but he never recovered, dying twelve days later. He was initially buried in New Dublin Presbyterian Cemetery. After the war, his remains were reinterred at his home in Greenbottom, near Huntington, West Virginia. He was later reinterred in the Confederate plot in Spring Hill Cemetery in Huntington.

Green Bottom, Jenkins's home, is currently being restored as a museum.

Jenkins's home, Green Bottom, has been restored and is now a museum run by the West Virginia Division of Culture and History.[1] In 1937, Marshall University constructed Jenkins Hall, naming it in honor of the Confederate cavalry officer. In 2018, the university reviewed the name given Jenkins’ history as a slaveholder and a defender of slavery. They chose to keep the name while contextualizing the history of racism and slavery.[2] On July 7, 2020, the Marshall University Board of Governors voted unanimously to remove the name from its education building.[3]

In 2005, a monument to General Jenkins was erected in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, commemorating his service during the Gettysburg Campaign.[4] Scholar Hilary Green later noted that the monument served to resurrect the memory of Jenkins's raids in the area, especially of the free African Americans he abducted into slavery from Franklin County. Many residents therefore criticized the monument, believing it denigrated those memories.[5]

See also

• List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)
• Alberta Gallatin Jenkins

Notes

1. The Jenkins Plantation Museum
2. https://www.herald-dispatch.com/news/marshall_university/mu-board-chooses-to-keep-jenkins-hall-name/article_5ace6450-c1c5-54ca-9e96-9ec420c34959.html
3. https://www.marshall.edu/ucomm/2020/07/07/board-of-governors-votes-to-remove-name-from-campus-building/?utm_source=homepage&utm_medium=main_page&utm_campaign=news
4. "Camp Curtin Historical Society and Civil War Round Table" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
5. Green, Hilary (2018). "The Persistence of Memory: African Americans and Transitional Justice Efforts in Franklin County, Pennsylvania". In Quigley, Paul; Hawdon, James (eds.). Reconciliation after Civil Wars: Global Perspectives. Routledge. pp. 131–149. ISBN 9780815351122.

References

• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1.
• Evans, Clement A., ed. Confederate Military History: A Library of Confederate States History. 12 vols. Atlanta: Confederate Publishing Company, 1899. OCLC 833588.
• Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8160-1055-4.
• Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. ISBN 978-0-8071-0823-9.
• Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg. Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing, 1998. ISBN 1-882810-30-9.
• Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. ISBN 978-0-8071-0823-9.

External links

• Congressional biography
• West Virginia Division of Culture and History biography
• Ghosts of Green Bottom