9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party

The 9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was a pivotal Communist Party Congress in China during the height of the Cultural Revolution. It was held in Beijing, in the Great Hall of the People, China, between April 1 and 24, 1969. It set in motion the 9th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. It was preceded by the lengthy 8th Congress. The Congress formally ratified the political purge of Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, and elevated Mao's radical allies to power. It was formally succeeded by the 10th National Congress.

9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
Traditional Chinese	中國共產黨第九次全國代表大會
Simplified Chinese	中国共产党第九次全国代表大会
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Dìjiŭcì Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì
Abbreviated name
Chinese	九大
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Jiŭ-dà

9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party

Native name	中国共产党第八次全国代表大会
Date	1–24 April 1969
Duration	24 days
Venue	Great Hall of the People
Location	Beijing, China
Type	National Congress
Theme	elect 9th Central Committee
Participants	1,512 delegates

Lin Biao delivered the keynote political report at the congress. The report lauded the ideology of "continuous revolution," i.e., that the bourgeoisie continues to attempt capitalist restoration after they have been overthrown from power, and that such attempts should be struck down preemptively. Lin's keynote address was strongly applauded by the delegates, and frequently interrupted by rounds of slogan-chanting. The Congress labeled Liu Shaoqi as the "exemplification of the bourgeoisie".

1,512 delegates were represented at the Congress, although they were not all members of the Party. A significant number represented Red Guard groups, and there was a marked increase in the size of the PLA delegation, many of whom were loyal to Lin Biao.[1]

At the Congress, Mao's "continuous revolution" ideology was written into the Party Constitution. Lin Biao was named "the close comrade-in-arms of Chairman Mao and his successor".

The Central Secretariat and the Central Control Commission (the predecessor of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection) were both abolished at this Congress. The Congress elected 170 full members and 109 alternate members of the 9th Central Committee. Of these full and alternate members, only 53 were part of the 8th Central Committee. The significant turnover (~82%) on the party's nominally highest body demonstrated the extent to which the party establishment had been 'cleansed' during the preceding years of the Cultural Revolution.

After Deng Xiaoping took power in 1978, the Congress was deemed to have been "incorrect ideologically, politically, and organizationally. The guiding directions of the congress were, on the whole, wrong." Part of the Long Live the Victory of Mao Zedong Thought statue includes a group of soldiers and civilians propagating the appeal of the 9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.[2]

References

1. MacFarquhar, Roderick; Schoenhals, Michael (2006). Mao's Last Revolution. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-02332-3.
2. Chinese Literature. Foreign Languages Press., 1971. pp. 132–133