2012 Australian federal budget

The 2012 Australian federal budget for the Australian financial year ended 30 June 2013 was presented on 8 May 2012 by the Treasurer of Australia, Wayne Swan, the fifth federal budget presented by Swan, and the second budget of the Gillard Government. The budget was described as a "battlers" budget with benefits geared towards families and low income earners. It forecast a surplus of $1.5 billion in the financial year ended 30 June 2013.

 () Australian federal budget 2012–13
Submitted8 May 2012
Submitted toParliament of Australia
Parliament43rd
PartyAustralian Labor Party
TreasurerWayne Swan
Total revenue$376.1 billion
Total expenditures$376.3 billion
Surplus$1.5 billion (Forecast)
Websitehttp://www.budget.gov.au/2012-13/ 2012–13 Commonwealth Budget
‡Numbers in italics are projections.

The Gillard Government has emphasised the importance of returning the budget to a surplus so that the Reserve Bank of Australia may be in a better position to cut interest rates and thereby generate positive consumer sentiment. Swan was at pains to emphasise that the Bank would set rates independently. Swan had also stated it important for the confidence of sovereign debt investors following the 2007–2012 global financial crisis.[1]

The budget set up funding for a new National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). Measures to improve public dental health care, one of the conditions of support made by the Australian Greens with the Gillard Government were addressed with more than $500 million worth of funding.[2] Carbon pricing and the Minerals Resource Rent Tax were both introduced in July 2012.

Forecasts

Surplus

The budget was expected to produce a surplus.[3] The return to surplus has been criticised as a political imperative rather than an economic necessity. The Institute of Chartered Accountants believes that targeted public expenditure was still needed to sustain the Australian economy.[4] Former Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, Bernie Fraser has dismissed the notion that delivering a surplus is critical, describing it as "a dud policy".[5]

The surplus follows a projected $44 billion deficit for the 2011/12 financial year, up from the previous estimate of $36 billion. By abolishing the Education Tax Refund and bringing forward payments to families into the 2011/12 fiscal year, the Government was able to forecast its surplus for 2012/13.[6]

The 2011/12 expanded deficit moves the Government's net debt position to 9.6% of GDP.[7] Despite the spike in debt, the budget has not affected the nation's Triple A international credit rating.

Shortfall

In October 2012, Wayne Swan announced a budget update which revealed revenue downgrades worth $21 billion from projected tax revenue and $4 billion from the current financial year. Lower commodity prices and falling tax receipts reduced the current forecast surplus to $1.1 billion.[8] Spot prices for iron ore, thermal coal and coking coal decreased by 15 to 35% since the budget was released in May.[9] The update also showed the cost of processing asylum seekers has increased by $1.1 billion.

New spending cuts and extra charges worth $16 billion were announced. Visa application fees will increase, the baby bonus payment will decrease for second and subsequent children and the Medicare teen dental program was cancelled.[8] Starting in 2014 companies with an annual turnover greater than $1 billion will have to pay tax in monthly instalments instead of quarterly.[10]

Revenue mix

Before the budget was released Swan had warned that the government revenues would see a downgrade by $5 billion in both the 2012–13 and 2013–14 financial years.[11]

Taxation

$2 billion worth of lost tax revenue was due to a decline in company tax collections.[12] $1 billion has been lost to weak collections from superannuation funds and a further $750 million of revenue was lost due to lower than expected collections of customs and excise duties.[13]

High income earners on $300,000 or more are to have their superannuation contributions taxed at 30% instead of 15%.[12] The Minerals Resource Rent Tax, a 30% tax on coal and iron ore companies worth more than $75 million, is being introduced. It is expected to generate $11 billion over three years, which will be used to support superannuation boosts, infrastructure costs and offset business tax cuts.[14] Small business tax was expected to be reduced by 1% from 1 July.[14] However this measure was abandoned.[15]

The budget will introduce a small business "loss carryback" option as recommended by the Henry Tax Review.[16] This will allow businesses to claim losses of up to $1 million against tax they have paid previously and will cost $700 million across three years.

The inbound duty-free allowance for cigarettes and tobacco was reduced from 250 to 50 cigarettes, bringing savings of $600 million.[15]

Expenditure mix

General government

The cost for managing asylum seeker boat arrivals has increased to $1.003 billion from an earlier estimate of $739 million.[17] The number of asylum seekers entering Australia by boat is currently at its highest level ever.

Funding for the Australian Bureau of Statistics is being reduced by $255 million and the CSIRO is set to lose $25 million.[18] Smaller cuts are also planned for the Australian National Library, National Film and Sound Archive and the National Museum of Australia.[18]

Social security and welfare

The budget allocated $131.6 billion to social security and welfare spending.[19] On 30 April 2012, Julia Gillard announced the budget will fund the National Disability Insurance Scheme starting from July 2013.[20] The scheme is planned to assist 10,000 people with significant and permanent disabilities.

From July 2013, single, unemployed parents who claimed the parenting payment before 2007 will lose their parenting support payments when their youngest child turns eight, instead of the previous threshold of age sixteen.[21] Welfare recipients who travel overseas for more than six weeks will have their payments reduced.[16]

1.5 million families will see an increase family tax benefits starting from 1 July.[22] Other families will lose Family Tax Benefit A because the eligibility age for children in this category is being reduced from 21 to under 18.

Infrastructure, transport and energy

$3.56 billion is being spent on the complete duplication of the Pacific Highway.[14] The funding is being provided on the condition that a similar figure is spent on the highway by the New South Wales government.[23] Minister for Roads and Ports, Duncan Gay has claimed there was an existing agreement based on an 80–20 funding split. The New South Wales state budget, which was handed down in June 2012, only allocated 20% of the cost for an upgrade.[24]

Education

The budget is introducing the Schoolkids Bonus, a replacement for the under-used Education Tax Refund. Under the scheme, eligible families are able to claim $820 for each high school student and $410 for each primary school student.[25] The bonus is expected to assist 2.2 million families.[22]

$11.7 million worth of funding has been allocated for a one-off boost to the One Laptop Per Child in Australia, which will provide laptops for 50,000 students.[26]

Defence

More than $4 billion of spending on defence projects is being reduced or deferred.[27] The purchase of 12 Joint Strike Fighters will be delayed by two years and plans to equip the army with self-propelled artillery have been cancelled.[28]

There is $214 million worth of funding for a number of international studies to select a new submarine to replace the Collins class submarines.[27] 1,000 civilian positions at the Department of Defence are to be trimmed over the next four years.[29]

Health

The public dental waiting list is being targeted with an injection of $345 million to reduce the backlog.[30] Also being introduced in the budget are measures to reduce the lack of dental healthcare professionals in rural and remote areas and the co-ordination of dental work for disadvantaged people.[2]

A 2011 report from the Productivity Commission suggested the aged care sector needed drastic reform and an investment plan to deal with a rapidly ageing population.[31] The budget included $3.7 billion to reform the aged care system.[32] Only $577 million of this is new funding spread across five years.[33] $49.7 million has been allocated to support the national bowel cancer screening program.[33]

Community services and culture

$63 million is being provided to SBS for the production of a new free-to-air national Indigenous television channel.[34]

Opposition and crossbench response

Shadow treasurer Joe Hockey has said the surplus was created by "cooking the books"[15] and that it was confused. Tony Abbott was troubled by the debt ceiling being raised to $300 billion and said that a surplus was only the result of forward spending.[35]

Reception

Innes Willox from the Australian Industry Group claimed the budget undermined businesses ability to make long-term investments.[15] Jennifer Westacott at the Business Council of Australia appreciated a return to surplus but also wanted a comprehensive audit of government spending.[15] Brendan Lyon from Infrastructure Partnerships Australia described the budget as a "lost opportunity" and lamented that instead of directing funding to infrastructure projects, the budget directed funding to families.[18]

See also

References
  1. David Fickling (29 April 2012). "Swan Plans Savings With Australia Tax A$150 Billion Short". Bloomberg News. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  2. Stephanie Peatling (6 May 2012). "Budget drills deep to shorten dental queues". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  3. "Labor values centre of budget: Bradbury". The Sydney Morning Herald. 1 May 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  4. "Support economy, not surplus: accountants". The Sydney Morning Herald. 1 May 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  5. Stephen Long (1 May 2012). "Fraser takes aim at both sides of politics". ABC News. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  6. Paul Osborne (18 April 2012). "Gillard defends budget surplus plan". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  7. Budget Paper No. 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook 2012‑13 Page 1-14
  8. Cullen (22 October 2012). "Swan wields axe to protect shrinking surplus". ABC News. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  9. Peter Martin (20 October 2012). "Budget shock: $21b shortfall". Brisbane Time. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  10. Cullen (23 October 2012). "Swan's tax shakeup puts business offside". ABC News. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  11. Lauren Wilson (30 April 2012). "Independents' budget hard line". The Australian. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  12. Peter Martin & Amy Corderoy (30 April 2012). "Swan needs to save $10b to get budget in surplus". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  13. Peter Martin & Amy Corderoy (30 April 2012). "Swan still fishing around to find another $10bn". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  14. Jessica Wright (7 May 2012). "Budget measures already announced". Brisbane Times. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  15. Jessica Wright (8 May 2012). "Budget gifts mining boom to families". Brisbane Times. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
  16. Madeleine Heffernan (7 May 2012). "Federal budget – what we know so far". Brisbane Times. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  17. "Fresh blowout in asylum seeker costs". Sky News Australia. Australian News Channel. 8 May 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  18. Tony Moore (9 May 2012). "Budget a 'lost opportunity' for infrastructure". Brisbane Times. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  19. Phillip Hudson (10 May 2012). "Government's welfare budget costs $5000 a head". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  20. "Government to fund disability insurance scheme". ABC News. 30 April 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  21. Benson (3 May 2012). "Tough Love: Budget targets single parents to save $700m". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  22. "Benefits boost for 1.5 million middle- income families". Brisbane Times. 8 May 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  23. Sean Nicholls (10 May 2012). "Funding clash looms over Pacific Highway". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
  24. Bruce MacKenzie & Samantha Turnbull (12 June 2012). "State funds 20 per cent of Pacific Highway upgrade". ABC North Coast NSW. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
  25. "Families of school kids in line for budget boost". ABC News. 6 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  26. Rohan Pearce (9 May 2012). "One Laptop per Child Australia scores $11.7m in federal budget". Computerworld. IDG Communications. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  27. Brendan Nicholson (4 May 2012). "$4bn stripped from Defence". The Australian. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  28. Sabra Lane (3 May 2012). "Rethink of Defence projects to save billions". ABC News. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  29. Cullen (8 May 2012). "Back to black as Swan budgets for the boom". ABC News. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
  30. "Stringent budget will show some teeth". The Age. 6 May 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  31. James Massola (20 April 2012). "Aged-care overhaul protects family home". The Australian. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
  32. "2012–13 Commonwealth Budget – Budget at a Glance". Australian Government. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
  33. Julian Drape (8 May 2012). "Dental, aged care focus of health budget". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
  34. Tony Allan (8 May 2012). "SBS gets funds for Indigenous TV channel". ABC Rural. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  35. "Federal Budget surplus a charade, says Tony Abbott". Herald Sun. 9 May 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
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