1264

Year 1264 (MCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	12th century 13th century 14th century
Decades:	1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s
Years:	1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267

1264 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1264 MCCLXIV
Ab urbe condita	2017
Armenian calendar	713 ԹՎ ՉԺԳ
Assyrian calendar	6014
Balinese saka calendar	1185–1186
Bengali calendar	671
Berber calendar	2214
English Regnal year	48 Hen. 3 – 49 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar	1808
Burmese calendar	626
Byzantine calendar	6772–6773
Chinese calendar	癸亥年 (Water Pig) 3960 or 3900     — to — 甲子年 (Wood Rat) 3961 or 3901
Coptic calendar	980–981
Discordian calendar	2430
Ethiopian calendar	1256–1257
Hebrew calendar	5024–5025
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1320–1321
- Shaka Samvat	1185–1186
- Kali Yuga	4364–4365
Holocene calendar	11264
Igbo calendar	264–265
Iranian calendar	642–643
Islamic calendar	662–663
Japanese calendar	Kōchō 4 / Bun'ei 1 (文永元年)
Javanese calendar	1174–1175
Julian calendar	1264 MCCLXIV
Korean calendar	3597
Minguo calendar	648 before ROC 民前648年
Nanakshahi calendar	−204
Thai solar calendar	1806–1807
Tibetan calendar	阴水猪年 (female Water-Pig) 1390 or 1009 or 237     — to — 阳木鼠年 (male Wood-Rat) 1391 or 1010 or 238

A contemporary monument to the Battle of Lewes, a crucial 1264 battle in the Second Barons' War in England.

Events

Asia

• The Toluid Civil War ends: Kublai Khan defeats his brother and pretender to the title of Khagan, or Khan of Khans, Ariq Boke, who surrenders to Kublai and is summarily imprisoned. He dies a year later under mysterious circumstances, possibly by poisoning, but the cause of death is still uncertain. However, this battle essentially marks the end of a unified Mongol Empire.
• Kublai Khan decides to move his capital, from Shangdu in Inner Mongolia, to the Chinese city of Dadu (now Beijing).
• Kublai Khan publicly reprimands his own officers, for executing two Song Dynasty Chinese generals without trial or investigation. This act is one of many in order to enhance his reputation amongst the Chinese, to increase his legitimacy as a just ruler, and win over more defectors from the Southern Song.
• The Japanese era Kōchō ends, and the Bun'ei era begins.

Europe

• January 23 – King Louis IX of France issues the Mise of Amiens, a settlement between King Henry III of England and barons led by Simon de Montfort, heavily favouring the former, which leads to the Second Barons' War.
• April – Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford leads a massacre of the Jews at Canterbury.
• Before May – The Second Barons' War, a civil war in England, begins.
• May 12–14 – Battle of Lewes, between Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and King Henry III of England in Sussex. By the end of the battle, de Montfort's forces capture both King Henry and his son, future King Edward I, making de Montfort the "uncrowned king of England" for 15 months, before Edward escapes captivity and recaptures the throne.
• June 17 – A fire destroys many of the wooden houses in the English city of Gloucester.[1]
• June 18 – The Parliament of Ireland meets at Castledermot in County Kildare, the first definitely known meeting of this Irish legislature.
• August 5 – Anti-Jewish riots break out in Arnstadt (modern-day Germany).
• August 8 – Mudéjar revolt: Muslim rebel forces take the Alcázar of Jerez de la Frontera after defeating the Castilian garrison.
• August 14 – After tricking the Venetian galley fleet into sailing east to the Levant, the Genoese capture an entire Venetian trade convoy at the Battle of Saseno.[2]
• In Spain, King James I of Aragon reconquers the cities of Orihuela in Alicante and Elx in Valencia from the Moors, ending over 500 years of Islamic rule.
• October 9 – Mudéjar revolt: King Alfonso X of Castile "the Wise" recaptures the town of Jerez de la Frontera from the Muslim rebels.
• The War of the Thuringian Succession ends.
• The state of Hesse gains its independence from Thuringia, and becomes a free state of the Holy Roman Empire.
• In the Peerage of England, the title Baron de Ros, the oldest continuously held peerage title in England, is created by writ of summons.
• Sinucello della Rocca becomes lord of Corsica and rules the island, benefiting from the rivalry of Pisa and Genoa.[3]
• King Boleslaus V of Poland promulgates legal protection for his Jewish subjects, including protection from the kidnapping and forcible baptism of Jewish children.

Education

• September 14 – Walter de Merton formally completes the foundation of the House of Scholars of Merton (later Merton College, Oxford), to provide education in Malden and the University of Oxford.

Religion

• In Barcelona, a commission of Dominicans censors portions of the Talmud for the first time, by ordering the cancellation of passages found reprehensible from a Christian point of view.
• Thomas Aquinas completes his theological work Summa contra Gentiles (traditional dating).
• Pope Urban IV creates the festivity of Corpus Domini.

Births

• January 21 – Alexander, Prince of Scotland (d. 1284)
• May 26 – Prince Koreyasu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1326)
• Pope Clement V (d. 1314)
• Giovanna da Orvieto, Italian saint (d. 1306)

Deaths

• April 25 – Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester, English politician (b. 1195)
• October 2 – Pope Urban IV
• November 16 – Emperor Lizong of China
• date unknown
  • John II of Beirut, crusader state ruler
  • Vincent of Beauvais, French encyclopedist (b. 1190)
  • Danylo of Halych, King of Galicia (b. 1201)
  • Isabella of Cyprus, regent of Jerusalem
  • Andrei II of Russia, Grand Prince of Vladimir

References

1. "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p27
2. Dotson, John E. (1999). "Fleet Operations in the First Genoese-Venetian War, 1264-1266". Viator. Medieval and Renaissance Studies. 30: 165–180. doi:10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300833. ISSN 0083-5897.
3. Colombani, Philippe (2010). Héros corses du Moyen Age. Ajaccio: Albiana. p. 173. ISBN 978-2-84698-338-9.