Zygiella

Zygiella is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1902.[2] In 2015, Parazygiella was determined to be a taxonomic synonym of Zygiella, and its species were moved to Zygiella.[3]

Zygiella
Zygiella atrica
Zygiella x-notata, female
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Araneidae
Genus: Zygiella
F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902[1]
Type species
Z. atrica
(C. L. Koch, 1845)
Species

11, see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Parazygiella Wunderlich, 2004

Identification

Zygiella species are distinguished by the structure of the web, which has a missing sector containing a signaling thread leading to a retreat.[4] Zygiella x-notata, a species in the Zygiella genus, is well-researched for its missing-sector web construction behaviors.[5]

Species

As of April 2019 it contains eleven species:[1]

  • Zygiella atrica (C. L. Koch, 1845) (type) – Europe. Introduced to USA, Canada
  • Zygiella calyptrata (Workman & Workman, 1894) – China, Myanmar, Malaysia
  • Zygiella carpenteri Archer, 1951 – USA
  • Zygiella dispar (Kulczyński, 1885) – North America, Russia (Far East), Japan
  • Zygiella hiramatsui Tanikawa, 2017 – Japan
  • Zygiella keyserlingi (Ausserer, 1871) – Southern Europe, Ukraine, Turkey
  • Zygiella kirgisica Bakhvalov, 1974 – Kyrgyzstan
  • Zygiella minima Schmidt, 1968 – Canary Is., Madeira
  • Zygiella montana (C. L. Koch, 1834) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia), Uzbekistan
  • Zygiella nearctica Gertsch, 1964 – Canada, USA
  • Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran? Introduced to North America, Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, China, Japan, Réunion

References
  1. "Gen. Zygiella F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  2. Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1902). "A revision of the genera of Araneae or spiders with reference to their type species". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 9 (7): 5–20.
  3. Gregorič, Matjaž; Agnarsson, Ingi; Blackledge, Todd A.; Kuntner, Matjaž (2015). "Phylogenetic position and composition of Zygiellinae and Caerostris, with new insight into orb-web evolution and gigantism". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 175 (2): 225–243. doi:10.1111/zoj.12281.
  4. Roberts, Michael J. (1995). "Genus Zygiella". Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. London: HarperCollins. pp. 333ff. ISBN 978-0-00-219981-0.
  5. Venner, Samuel; Pasquet, Alain; Leborgne, Raymond. "Web-building behaviour in the orb-weaving spider Zygiella x-notata: influence of experience". Animal Behaviour. 59 (3): 603–611. doi:10.1006/anbe.1999.1327. ISSN 0003-3472.


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