Zora silvestris

Zora silvestris is a prowling spider in the family Miturgidae which is found in Europe and central Asia.[1]

Zora silvestris
Zora silvestris in Ķemeri National Park, Latvia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Miturgidae
Genus: Zora
Species:
Z. silvestris
Binomial name
Zora silvestris

Description

The females are 5 to 7.7 mm (1⁄5 to 3⁄10 in) in length, the males 3 to 4 mm (1⁄12 to 1⁄6 in). The epigyne has a quite distinct groove.[2] This species and the related Zora spinimana are difficult to identify from each other, Z. silvestris is more grey coloured than the warm yellow colouration of Z. spinimana. The darker legs of Z. silvestris are usually quite obvious. The two dark lateral bands on the carapace of Z. silvestris are broader than those on Z. spinimana and the prosoma on Z. silvestris is more contrastingly marked.[3] Z. silvestris has two pairs of spines on metatarsi I and II, the other species of Zora in Britain have three.[4]

Biology and Habitat

In Great Britain, Zora silvestris occurs on dry heathland, most commonly encountered in mature heather. A stronghold of the species is Sherwood Forest where it is found with larger numbers of Zora spinimana in mixed heather and grassland where the encroaching scrub had been cleared. Adults of both sexes are found from May to July, although a female has been recorded in September.[5]

Distribution

Zora silvestris is found from western Europe eastwards into central Asia.[1] In Europe this is a widespread species in western and central Europe north to Sweden, although encountered infrequently.[2] but in Great Britain it is very rare, being recorded from only five sites in southern England, the most northerly being Sherwood Forest. Its rarity may be exaggerated by the difficulty of separating it from Zora spinimana.[5]

References
  1. "Zora silvestris Kulczyński, 1897". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
  2. "Zora silvestris Kulczyński, 1897". Nentwig W, Blick T, Gloor D, Hänggi A, Kropf C: Spiders of Europe. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
  3. "Zora silvestris - a less well known Sherwood Forest rarity". Trevor and Dilys Pendleton. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
  4. Roberts, Michael John (1993). The Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 2. Harley Books. ISBN 978-0946589463.
  5. "Summary for Zora silvestris (Araneae)". British Arachnological Society. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
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