Zingiber cassumunar

Cassumunar ginger: Zingiber cassumunar, now thought to be a synonym of Zingiber montanum (J.König) Link ex A.Dietr.,[1] is a species of plant in the ginger family and is also a relative of galangal. It is called plai (ไพล) in Thailand, in addition to (ว่านไฟ wan-fai) in Isan language and (ปูเลย bpulai) in northern Thai language. The rhizome of variant 'Roxburgh' is used medicinally in massage and even in food in Thailand, and somewhat resembles ginger root or galangal.[2] In aromatherapy, plai oil is used as an essential oil and is believed to ease pain and inflammation. It is also known as ponlei (ពន្លៃ) in Cambodia.

Zingiber cassumunar
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Zingiber
Species:
Z. cassumunar
Binomial name
Zingiber cassumunar

A Japanese study from 1991 suggests (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-1-ene, an active ingredient of Z. cassumunar rhizomes, has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.[3] In addition, an American study found that plai oil exhibits antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, dermatophytes, and yeasts.[4] A study also showed essential oil from Z. cassumunar had anti-microbial activity against XDR Acinetobacter baumannii and synergized with medically useful antibiotics.[5] Finally, a 1992 study discovered the zerumbone contained in the rhizomes of the plant has antifungal properties against pathogenic fungi.[6]

The plant also contains the essential oils sabinene 31–48%, terpineol 4–30%,[2] and apparently unique curcuminoid antioxidants, namely cassumunarin types A, B, and C.[7]

References
  1. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/search?q=zingiber
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) International Center for Science and High Technology Portal
  3. Ozaki, Y; Kawahara, N; Harada, M (1991). "Anti-inflammatory effect of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. And its active principles". Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 39 (9): 2353–6. doi:10.1248/cpb.39.2353. PMID 1804548.
  4. Pithayanukul, P.; Tubprasert, J.; Wuthi-Udomlert, M. (2007). "In Vitro antimicrobial activity of Zingiber cassumunar (Plai) oil and a 5% Plai oil gel". Phytotherapy Research. 21 (2): 164–9. doi:10.1002/ptr.2048. PMID 17128430. S2CID 25498941.
  5. Boonyanugomol, W.; Kraisriwattana, K.; Rukseree, K.; Boonsam, K.; Narachai, P. (2017). "In vitro synergistic antibacterial activity of the essential oil from "Zingiber cassumunar" Roxb against extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains". Journal of Infection and Public Health. 10 (5): 586–592. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2017.01.008. PMID 28162962.
  6. Kishore, N.; Dwivedi, R. S. (1992). "Zerumbone: A potential fungitoxic agent isolated from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb". Mycopathologia. 120 (3): 155–9. doi:10.1007/BF00436393. S2CID 26350901.
  7. Jitoe, A (1994). "Novel Antioxidants, Cassumunarin A, B, and C, from Zingiber cassumunar". Tetrahedron Letters. 35 (7): 981–4. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)79944-8.
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