Yingkou

Yingkou (simplified Chinese: 营口; traditional Chinese: 營口; pinyin: Yíngkǒu) is a coastal prefecture-level city of central southern Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, on the northeastern shore of Liaodong Bay. It is the third-smallest city in Liaoning with a total area of 4,970 square kilometres (1,920 sq mi), and the ninth most populous with a population of 2,428,534 (2010 census), of whom 1,340,993 live in the built-up area made of three urban districts (Zhanqian, Xishi and Laobian) and one county-level city (Dashiqiao). It borders the sub-provincial city of Dalian to the south, the prefectural cities of Anshan to the north and east and Panjin to the northwest, and also shares maritime boundaries with Jinzhou and Huludao across the Liaodong Bay to its west.

Yingkou

营口市

Yingkow
Prefecture-level city
From top, left to right: Xishi District, Lengyan Temple, Shanhai Plaza, Beach of Bayuquan, Red Mountain in Gaizhou
Location of Yingkou City jurisdiction in Liaoning
Yingkou
Location of the city centre in Liaoning
Coordinates (Yingkou municipal government): 40°37′30″N 122°13′08″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceLiaoning
Municipal seatXishi District
Districts and Counties
Government
 • CPC YingkouCommittee Secretary
 • MayorGao Jun
Area
 • Prefecture-level city4,970 km2 (1,920 sq mi)
 • Urban
 (2017)[1]
538.25 km2 (207.82 sq mi)
 • Districts[1]880.3 km2 (339.9 sq mi)
Population
 (census 2010)[2]
 • Prefecture-level city2,428,534
 • Urban
 (2017)[1]
848,100
 • Urban density1,600/km2 (4,100/sq mi)
 • Districts[1]
1,010,000
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
115000
Area code(s)410
ISO 3166 codeCN-LN-08
Licence plates辽H
Administrative division code210800
Websitewww.yingkou.gov.cn

Located on the east bank of the Daliao River mouth, Yingkou is an important port city, with the Port of Yingkou being the second-largest container port in the Bohai Sea (after the Port of Tianjin) and Northeast China (after the Port of Dalian), the tenth-largest nationwide, and the 25th-busiest worldwide.

Name

Yingkou was historically known as Newchwang (Chinese: 牛庄; pinyin: Niuzhuang; Manchu: Ishangga gašan hoton) in postal romanization; it was one of the Treaty Ports opened under the Treaties of Tianjin of 1858. In fact, the actual town of Newchwang was about thirty miles upstream of Liao He, within today's county-level city of Haicheng. After the treaty had been signed, the British found that the river near Newchwang was too shallow for their ships. Instead, the treaty port was moved to the area nearer to the river mouth where today's Yingkou is located.

To avoid confusion between the two locations, careful English writers of the early 20th century would sometimes use Newchwang for Yingkou (explaining that "Ying-kow, ... outside Manchuria, ... is known only as Newchwang") and Niu-chuang (the proper Wade–Giles transcription of '牛庄') for the actual inland Niuzhuang Town.[3] Meanwhile, Newchwangcheng (牛庄城; postal: Newchwang Town) was adopted by the government as the inland town's name to distinguish it from the coastal city.

Administrative divisions
Map of Yingkou (labeled as YING-K'OU) (AMS, 1956)

Yingkou prefecture is subdivided into 4 districts and 2 cities:

Map
Name Chinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin Population (2010) Area (km²) Density (/km²)
City Proper
Zhanqian District 站前区 Zhànqián Qū 310,634 36.35 8,545.64
Xishi District 西市区 Xīshì Qū 164,873 314.91 523.56
Laobian District 老边区 Lǎobiān Qū 125,454 217.54 576.69
Suburban
Bayuquan District 鲅鱼圈区 Bàyúquān Qū 431,087 280.86 1534.88
Satellite cities (County-level cities)
Dashiqiao City 大石桥市 Dàshíqiáo Shì 704,891 1,612.11 437.25
Gaizhou City 盖州市 Gàizhōu Shì 691,595 2,953.92 234.13
Total 2,428,534 5,415.68 448.43

Geography
Yingkou (labelled as YING-K'OU (YINGKOW) 營口) (1956)
Yingkou
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
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M
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6.2
 
 
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Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

Yingkou is mostly located in the northwestern part of the Liaodong Peninsula, and on the left bank of the mouth of Daliao River, which was historically the main distributary of the lower Liao River and the principal exit of fluvial transports from inland Liaoning into the Bohai Sea.

The city's metro area is located 166 km (103 mi) south from the provincial capital Shenyang, 204 km (127 mi) north from Dalian, 84 kilometres (52 mi) southwest from Anshan, and 70 km (43 mi) southeast from Panjin. The city is located at latitude 39° 55'−40° 56' N and longitude 121° 56'−123° 02' E. At its greatest width, the city spans 111.8 km (69.5 mi) from north to south and 50.7 km (31.5 mi) from east to west. The total area of the city is 5,365 km2 (2,071 sq mi), occupying a mere 4.9% of the provincial area. The city has a total coastline of 96 km (60 mi).

Climate

Yingkou has a four-season humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa) with strong monsoonal influences. Though the climate is somewhat tempered by the city's location on the Bohai Gulf, winters are long, windy, cold but dry, and summers are hot and humid. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −8.3 °C (17.1 °F) in January to 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 9.82 °C (49.7 °F). Precipitation is somewhat enhanced by the coastal location, with a majority of the annual rainfall occurring in July and August alone. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 51% in July to 68% in three months, the city receives 2,774 hours of bright sunshine annually.

Industrial zones
  • China Minmetals (Yingkou) industrial park
  • Yingkou Economic & Technological Development Zone. So far, five key industries have been formed, which are steel, chemical industry, mineral processing, logistics, textile and garment industry.[6]

Sport

The city is home to the basketball club Liaoning Flying Leopards of the Chinese Basketball Association. The club brought forth several players of China's national basketball team. It plays its home games at the Benxi Gymnasium.

Partnership town and ports

References
  1. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 50. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  2. Copyright by Yingkou People
  3. Hosie, Sir Alexander (1910), Manchuria: its people, resources and recent history, J. B. Millet, p. 191
  4. 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  5. 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  6. RightSite.asia | Yingkou Development Zone
  7. Города – побратимы Китая и России (in Russian). Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  8. http://www.greatlakes-seaway.com/en/pdf/slsdc_newsletter_summer_2007.pdf%5B%5D
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