Yemenite War of 1972

The First Yemenite War was a short military conflict between the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR; North Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY; South Yemen).[2]

This article is about the First Yemenite War. For other civil wars in Yemen, see Yemeni War.
First Yemenite War
Part of the Arab Cold War

North & South Yemen
Date26 September – 19 October 1972
(3 weeks and 2 days)
Location
North Yemen–South Yemen border
Result

Cairo Agreement

  • No territorial changes
  • Two Yemens pledge ambition to unify
Belligerents

 North Yemen
Supported By:

 South Yemen
 Cuba[1]
Supported By:

Commanders and leaders
Abdul Rahman al-Eryani
Ali Abdullah Saleh		 Abdul Fattah Ismail

Background

South Arabian League (SAL) rebels attacked positions in eastern South Yemen, arriving from Saudi Arabia on February 20, 1972.[3] The rebels were defeated by South Yemen government troops on February 24, 1972, with some 175 rebels killed during the military hostilities.[3] Prime Minister Ali Nasir Muhammad survived an assassination attempt by SAL rebels on May 22, 1972.[3] Six persons were sentenced to death for plotting to overthrow the government on July 9, 1972.[3] Saudi Arabia continued to oppose South Yemen and supported the Northern Yemeni troops in the upcoming struggle.

Conflict

The war, initiated by North Yemen,[4] started on 26 September 1972,[4][5] the tenth anniversary of the start of the North Yemen Civil War;[4] the fighting mostly consisted of border clashes.[6] During the conflict, the north was supplied by Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Egypt, Iran, the United Kingdom and the United States and the south by the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Iraq, Libya and Cuba.[2]

Aftermath

Cairo Agreement of 1972

The fighting was short-lived; the war ended 23 days later, on 19 October,[4] by a ceasefire.[4] This was followed by the Cairo Agreement of 28 October,[4] which put forward a plan to unify the two countries in a "republican, national and democratic" state, based on "free and direct" elections.[4][2]

Hostilities in late 1970s
Main articles: NDF Rebellion and Yemenite War of 1979

South Yemen instigated and funded a broad-based opposition movement in the north, the National Democratic Front (NDF), during the mid-1970s.[7]

See also

References
  1. "Foreign Intervention by Cuba" (PDF).
  2. Gause, Gregory, Saudi-Yemeni relations: domestic structures and foreign influence, Columbia University Press, 1990, page 98
  4. Couland, Jacques (1993). Genèse et étapes de l'unité yéménite (facsimile). Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (in French). pp. 79–93. doi:10.3406/remmm.1993.1589. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  5. Lagadec, Jean (April 1974). La fin du conflit yéménite. Revue française de science politique (in French). 24. pp. 344–355. doi:10.3406/rfsp.1974.418679.
  6. "Yemen profile (timeline)". BBC. 6 November 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2019. 1972 – Border clashes between two Yemens; ceasefire brokered by Arab League.
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