YF-100

The YF-100 is a Chinese liquid rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle.[1]

YF-100
YF-100K display at Airshow China 2018
Country of originChina
First flightLong March 6 inaugural flight (2015-09-20)
DesignerAcademy of Aerospace Liquid Propulsion Technology
Associated L/VLong March 5, Long March 6 and Long March 7
PredecessorRD-120
StatusIn service
Liquid-fuel engine
PropellantLOX / RP-1
Mixture ratio2.6 (±10%) (adjustable)
CycleOxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle
Configuration
Chamber1
Nozzle ratio35
Performance
Thrust (vac.)1,340 kN (300,000 lbf)
Thrust (SL)1,200 kN (270,000 lbf)
Throttle range65%~100%
Chamber pressure18 MPa (2,600 psi)
Isp (vac.)335 seconds (3.29 km/s)
Isp (SL)300 seconds (2.9 km/s)
Burn time155 s (estimated)
Dimensions
Diameter1.338 metres (52.7 in)
Used in
Long March 5 K-3-1 and K-2-1 boosters, Long March 6 first stage and Long March 7 first stage and boosters.
References
References[1][2][3][4][5]

Development of the engine began in the 2000s, along with its sibling, the smaller YF-115, which would power the LM-6 and LM-7 upper stages.[6][7][8] Testing was directed by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) commencing in 2005. Development works are mainly carried out by the Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute. The engine had its first 300 seconds test fire on November 2007.[9]

A high efficiency/high thrust environmentally-friendly rocket engine was always an objective within Programme 863 in the 1980s; however, Chinese industry was not mature enough at that time to produce such a rocket until they obtained RD-120 in the early 1990 from Russia following the collapse of the USSR.[6] It is the first Chinese rocket engine to adopt the staged-combustion cycle and the most powerful to date. During July 2012 the engine fired for 200 seconds generating 120 t (260,000 lb) of thrust.[10] On May 28, 2012, the National Defense Science and Industry Bureau certified the engine.[11]

The engine is designed for use on the first stage of the Chinese government's new generation of launch vehicles, the Long March 5, the Long March 6 and the Long March 7.[6][7][8] The engine's maiden flight, on the Long March 6, took place on September 20, 2015.

Technical Description

The YF-100 is a pump-fed oxidizer rich staged combustion rocket engine. It has adjustable thrust and variable mixture ratio. Its preburner burns all the LOX mass flow with a bit of kerosene to generate hot gas that powers the single turbine. The turbopump is a single-shaft design, with a single-stage oxygen pump and a dual-stage kerosene pump driven by the same turbine. It also has two low pressure pumps that prevent cavitation. This arrangement is very similar to the RD-170 design. The engine has a heat exchanger to heat oxygen gas for LOX tank pressurization, and also supplies high pressure kerosene as hydraulic fluid for the thrust vector control actuators. The development required ten years of research, requiring the mastering of 70 key technologies, the development of 50 new materials and the construction of 61 sets of engines with a combined total of more than 40,000 seconds of ignition time by 2013.[11]

Versions

At least three different versions are known to exist.

  • YF-100 (single axis TVC): Version for the LM-5 and LM-7 boosters. This version TVC has a single axis of gimbal.
  • YF-100 (dual axis TVC): Version for the LM-7 core. This version TVC has a dual axis gimbal.
  • YF-100GBI: A version used on the LM-6. Due to the rocket's single nozzle, a dual axis gimbal can not control the rocket's roll. Therefore, this version of the engine diverts a portion of the preburner exhaust through two roll control nozzles on opposite sides of the launch vehicle at the expense of losing 0.30% of thrust and 0.79% of isp while the O/F is increased by 0.12%.[12]

See also
  • LM-5 – Rocket family that uses the YF-100.
  • LM-6 – Rocket family that uses the YF-100.
  • LM-7 – Rocket family that uses the YF-100.
  • YF-115 – Upper stage Chinese rocket engine based on the YF-100 technology.
  • RD-120 – Soviet rocket engine.
  • RD-801 – Ukrainian rocket engine with very similar characteristics.

References
  1. "Chinese YF-100 (Russian RD-120) to Power CZ-5". SPACEPAC, The Space Public Affairs Committee. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
  2. "中国新一代液氧煤油发动机3：YF100/115主要特性 - 深空网". www.shenkong.net (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
  3. Gunter Dirk Krebs. "CZ-5 (Chang Zheng-5)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
  4. Gunter Dirk Krebs. "CZ-6 (Chang Zheng-6)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
  5. Gunter Dirk Krebs. "CZ-7 (Chang Zheng-7)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
  6. "Chang Zheng-5 (Long March-5)". SinoDefence. Archived from the original on 2015-07-03. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
  7. "Chang Zheng-6 (Long March-6)". SinoDefence. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
  8. "Chang Zheng-7 (Long March-7)". SinoDefence. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
  9. "中国新型120吨液氧煤油火箭发动机已经试车成功" [China's new 120 tons of liquid oxygen kerosene rocket engine has been successfully fired] (in Chinese). 2005-11-09. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
  10. Zach Rosenberg (2012-07-30). "China completes longest hot-fire engine test for Long March 5 core stage". Flightglobal - Aviation Connected. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
  11. "120吨级液氧煤油发动机项目验收" [120-ton liquid oxygen kerosene engine project acceptance] (in Chinese). CASC. 2012-06-01. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
  12. ZHANG, Wei-dong; WANG, Dong-bao (2016). 新一代低温液体快速发射运载火箭及其发展 [New Generation Cryogenic Quick Launching Launch Vehicle and Development] (PDF). Aerospace Shanghai (in Chinese). China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House (33): 1–7. doi:10.19328/j.cnki.1006-1639,2916.S1.001. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
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