Woolwich Power Station

Woolwich Power Station was a coal-fired power station on the south bank of the Thames at Woolwich.

Woolwich Power Station
Woolwich Power Station from the ferry in 1973
Country	England
Location	Greenwich, London
Coordinates	51.494400°N 0.065700°E
Status	Decommissioned and demolished
Construction began	1891
Commission date	1893
Decommission date	1978
Owner(s)	As operator
Operator(s)	Woolwich District Electric Lighting Company (1893–1903) Woolwich Borough Council (1903–1948) British Electricity Authority (1948–1955) Central Electricity Authority (1955–1957) Central Electricity Generating Board (1958–1978)
Thermal power station
Primary fuel	Coal
Site area	7.5 acres
Chimneys	3
Cooling towers	None
Cooling source	River water
Power generation
Units operational	1 × 12.5 MW, 3 × 34.5 MW, 2 × 30 MW (in 1957)
Make and model	Fraser & Chalmers/GEC
Units decommissioned	All
Nameplate capacity	See table in text
Annual net output	See graph in text
External links
Commons	Related media on Commons
grid reference TQ434792

History

The first station was opened at the site in 1893 by the Woolwich District Electric Lighting Company adapted from boat repair shops,[1] and subsequently taken over by the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich. During later construction work in 1912 the timbers of a Tudor warship believed to be Henry VII's 1488 ship Sovereign were uncovered on the site.[2]

The station was redeveloped in the 1920s and again in the 1940s and 1950s, ultimately having three fluted brick chimneys on the east side of the station. It occupied a site of just over seven and a half acres.

In 1906 alternating current and direct current was being supplied generated by a 2.5 MW machine supplied by C.A. Parsons Ltd.[3] Between 1912 and 1917 additional plant was installed ranging from 1.5 MW to 6 MW capacity.[3] The generating capacity, maximum load, and electricity generated and sold was as follows:[4]

Woolwich power station generating capacity, load and electricity produced and sold, 1903-36

Year	Generating capacity, MW	Maximum load, MW	Electricity generated, GWh	Electricity sold, GWh
1903/4	1.458	0.733	0.763	0.695
1912/3	1.750	1.610	3.504	2.939
1918/9	12.51	8.615	28.142	25.416
1919/20	12.51	6.979	14.574	12.537
1923/4	20.25	10.550	29.107	23.600
1936/7	40.00	40.74	90.261 (134.0 purchased)	125.024

The coal used by the station was usually shipped from the Yorkshire and Northumberland areas and offloaded by crane onto a deep trough conveyor. At its peak the station was burning over 1000 tons of coal a day.[5]

Redevelopment

The earliest buildings on the site were replaced in 1924–28. The 1924–28 station known as the low-pressure section had four Babcock & Wilcox boilers (decommissioned 1963) and 1 × 12.5 MW Fraser & Chalmers/GEC turbo-alternator which generated at 6.6 kV.[3] The 1940–48 intermediate-pressure section had six Babcock & Wilcox boilers and 3 × 34.5 MW Fraser & Chalmers/GEC turbo-alternators generating at 22 kV. The final 1952–57 high-pressure section had four John Thompson ‘La Mont’ boilers and 2 × 30 MW Fraser & Chalmers/GEC turbo-alternators generating at 22 kV.[3]

The steam conditions at the turbine stop-valves of the various steam systems were:[6]

Operating conditions of steam systems

	Pressure	Temperature
Low pressure	190 psi (13 bar)	316°C
Intermediate pressure	400 psi (27.6 bar)	427°C
High pressure	600 psi (41.4 bar)	454°C

The total steam generating capacity from 1966 to 1974 was 1,710,000 lb/hr (215.4 kg/s); then 92.0 kg/s during 1975–78.[6]

One of the high-pressure 30 MW machines was decommissioned in 1971. The three intermediate pressure 34.5 MW machines were decommissioned in 1973, together with the intermediate-pressure boilers. The final 30 MW generator was decommissioned in 1978.[6]

The gross generating capability was:[6][7]

Electricity Generating Capability

Year(s)	1954/5	1955-6	1966-70	1971-72	1973-4	1975-78
Generating capability MW	140	167	178.75	176.75	164.25	60.0

Electricity output

Electricity output from Woolwich power station was as follows.[6][7][8][9]

Woolwich power station annual electricity output GWh.

Closure

The station closed on 30 October 1978 with a generating capacity of 57 megawatts.[10] One chimney was demolished by hand in 1978, and the remaining two by explosives in 1979. The site of the main power station building is now occupied by the Waterfront Leisure Centre car park; part of the coaling jetty remains.

See also

• Old Woolwich
• Woolwich Ferry
• Greenwich Power Station

References

1. Transport for London, Thames Gateway Bridge, Appendix 12G. Gazetteer of known archaeology within 2 km study area,
2. Angus Konstam, Tony Bryan Illustrated by Tony Bryan, Tudor Warships (1): Henry VIII's Navy, Osprey Publishing, 2008, ISBN 1-84603-251-2
3. Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (1995). The Power Stations of the Lower Thames. Swindon: National Monuments Record Centre.
4. London County Council. London Statistics(various dates). London: London County Council.
5. Chris Mansfield, Woolwich Power Station. A brief history
6. CEGB Statistical Yearbooks (various dates). CEGB, London.
7. Garrett, Frederick C. (ed) (1959). Garcke's Manual of Electricity Supply. London: Electrical Press. pp. A-109, A-139.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
8. GEGB Annual report and accounts, various years
9. Electricity Commission, Generation of Electricity in Great Britain year ended 31^st December 1946. London: HMSO, 1947.
10. Mr. Redmond (16 January 1984). "Coal-fired Power Stations". Hansard. Retrieved 1 September 2009.