William Whipple

William Whipple Jr. (January 25, 1731 NS [January 14, 1730 OS] – November 28, 1785) was a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Hampshire and a member of the Continental Congress from 1776 through 1779.[1] He worked as both a ship's captain and a merchant, and he studied in college to become a judge. He died of heart complications in 1785, aged 55.[1]

For the United States Army general, see William Whipple Jr.
William Whipple
Posthumous portrait by Walter Gilman Page
Born(1730-01-14)January 14, 1730
Kittery, Maine, British America
DiedNovember 28, 1785(1785-11-28) (aged 55)
New Hampshire, U.S.
Allegiance United States
Service/branch Continental Army
  • New Hampshire Militia
Rank Brigadier general
Commands heldNew Hampshire Militia (Bellow's Regiment of Militia, Chase's Regiment of Militia, Moore's Regiment of Militia, Welch's Regiment of Militia)
Battles/warsAmerican Revolutionary War
Spouse(s)Catherine Moffat Whipple
Signature
The Moffatt-Ladd House, home of William Whipple in Portsmouth, New Hampshire

Early life and education

Whipple was born in Kittery, Maine in the William Whipple House to Captain William Whipple Sr. and his wife Mary (née Cutt),[2] and educated at a common school until he went off to sea, and he became a Ship's Master at age 21.[3][4] He married his first cousin Catherine Moffat in 1767,[3] and they moved into the Moffatt-Ladd House on Market Street in Portsmouth in 1769.[5][3] Their son William Whipple III died in infancy.[4] Whipple was a descendant of Samuel Appleton, early settler in Ipswich, Massachusetts.[6]

Whipple earned his fortune participating in the Triangle trade of the West Indies and Africa,[3] with cargo such as wood, rum, and enslaved humans.[7][8][4] He established himself as a merchant in Portsmouth, New Hampshire in 1759, in partnership with his brother Joseph (1738–1816).[9]

Political career

In 1775, New Hampshire dissolved the British Royal government and organized a House of Representatives and an Executive Council known collectively as a Provincial Congress, and Whipple was elected to represent Portsmouth, New Hampshire.[10] He became a member of the Committee of Safety. He was then elected to the Continental Congress, and he signed the United States Declaration of Independence. He was also the second cousin of fellow signatory Stephen Hopkins.[2] In January 1776, Whipple wrote to fellow signatory Josiah Bartlett of the approaching convention:

This year, my Friend, is big with mighty events. Nothing less than the fate of America depends on the virtue of her sons, and if they do not have virtue enough to support the most Glorious Cause ever human beings were engaged in, they don't deserve the blessings of freedom.[3]

Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull (1818); Whipple is pictured sitting second from the left, next to fellow New Hampshire delegate Josiah Bartlett
William Whipple

Whipple freed his enslaved servant, Prince Whipple,[11] believing that no man could fight for freedom and hold another in bondage.[5] He wrote:

A recommendation is gone thither for raising some regiments of Blacks. This, I suppose will lay a foundation for the emancipation of those wretches in that country. I hope it will be the means of dispensing the blessings of Freedom to all the human race in America.[4]

Military career

Whipple was given his first commission by the New Hampshire Provincial Congress in 1777. At Saratoga, Whipple was placed in command of a brigade, consisting of four regiments of militia. Whipple commanded Bellow's regiment, Chase's regiment, Moore's regiment, and Welch's regiment. As a result of their meritorious conduct at the Battle of Saratoga, Whipple and Colonel James Wilkinson were then chosen by Major General Horatio Gates to determine terms of capitulation with two representatives of General John Burgoyne. Whipple then signed the Convention of Saratoga, the effective surrender of General Burgoyne and his troops.[12] Whipple was then appointed along with several other officers to escort Burgoyne and his army back to Winter Hill, Somerville, Massachusetts. Whipple passed the news of the victory at Saratoga to Captain John Paul Jones, who informed Benjamin Franklin, who was in Paris at the time. News of the victory proved valuable to Franklin throughout alliance negotiations with the French. In 1778, Whipple followed his commanding officer, General John Sullivan to the Battle of Rhode Island, where he commanded Evans' regiment, Peabody's regiment, and Langdon's light horse regiment. After General Sullivan ordered retreat, Whipple and other officers resided in a house near the battlefield. The approaching enemy fired a field piece from a range of three-quarters of a mile. The shot first tore through a horse lashed outside the house before severely wounding the leg of one of Whipple's brigade majors, which later required amputation.[13]

Death
The Surrender of General Burgoyne by John Trumbull (1821); Whipple is fifth from the right, standing beside General John Glover

After the war, Whipple became an Associate Justice of the Superior Court of New Hampshire. He suffered from a heart ailment, and died after fainting from atop his horse while traveling his court circuit. He was buried in what is now the North Cemetery in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.[14] His headstone was replaced with a new memorial in 1976 in conjunction with the United States Bicentennial.

See also

References
  1. "Signers of the Declaration of Independence: William Whipple".
  2. "General Whipple's Ancestors".
  3. DSDI staff (11 December 2011). "William Whipple". The Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence.
  4. Vaughan, Dorothy Mansfield (February 26, 1964). "This Was a Man: A Biography of General William Whipple". New Hampshire: The National Society of The Colonial Dames in the State of New Hampshire. Archived from the original on January 18, 2003. Retrieved January 18, 2003.
  5. "The Whipples". Moffatt-Ladd House & Garden. Retrieved January 1, 2018.
  6. Felt, Joseph B. History of Ipswich, Essex and Hamilton. Csambridge, 1834, pages 159-160, 169.
  7. "Framers of Freedom: William Whipple". Archived from the original on 2015-05-23. Retrieved 2015-03-27.
  8. "William Whipple and the Declaration of Independence".
  9. Bond, Charles D.; Bond, Marie R. (November 2002). "Mount Joseph Whipple: How and Why It Got Its Name" (PDF). Retrieved July 10, 2020 – via whipple.org. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/declaration/bio51.html%5B%5D
  11. https://web.archive.org/web/20020818053717/http://whipple.org/prince/princewhipple.html
  12. http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/declaration/bio51.html%5B%5D
  13. Kieffer, Mike. "Founding Father Document - Biography for William Whipple".
  14. "North Cemetery - Portsmouth, NH". waymarking.com. Retrieved August 24, 2019.

Further reading
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