William Peel, 1st Earl Peel

William Robert Wellesley Peel, 1st Earl Peel, GCSI, GBE, TD, PC (7 January 1867 – 28 September 1937), known as The Viscount Peel from 1912 to 1929, was a British politician.


The Earl Peel

GCSI GBE TD PC
Peel in 1910
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
In office
3 September 1931  5 November 1931
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterRamsay MacDonald
Preceded byTom Johnston
Succeeded byThe Viscount Snowden
Secretary of State for India
In office
18 October 1928  4 June 1929
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterStanley Baldwin
Preceded byThe Earl of Birkenhead
Succeeded byWilliam Wedgwood Benn
In office
19 March 1922  22 January 1924
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterDavid Lloyd George
Bonar Law
Stanley Baldwin
Preceded byEdwin Montagu
Succeeded byThe Lord Olivier
First Commissioner of Works
In office
10 November 1924  18 October 1928
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterStanley Baldwin
Preceded byFred Jowett
Succeeded byThe Marquess of Londonderry
Minister of Transport
In office
7 November 1921  12 April 1922
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterDavid Lloyd George
Preceded byEric Geddes
Succeeded byThe Earl of Crawford
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
In office
1 April 1921  19 March 1922
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterDavid Lloyd George
Preceded byThe Earl of Crawford
Succeeded byWilliam Sutherland
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for War
In office
10 January 1919  1 April 1921
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterDavid Lloyd George
Preceded byIan Macpherson
Succeeded byRobert Sanders
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of National Service
In office
15 April 1918  10 January 1919
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterDavid Lloyd George
Preceded byCecil Beck
Succeeded byPosition abolished
Member of the House of Lords
Lord Temporal
In office
24 October 1912  28 September 1937
Hereditary peerage
Preceded byThe 1st Viscount Peel
Succeeded byThe 2nd Earl Peel
Member of Parliament
for Taunton
In office
23 February 1909  24 October 1912
Preceded bySir Edward Boyle
Succeeded byGilbert Wills
Member of Parliament
for Manchester South
In office
29 May 1900  8 February 1906
Preceded byJohn Campbell
Succeeded byArthur Haworth
Personal details
Born7 January 1867 (1867-01-07)
London
Died28 September 1937 (1937-09-29) (aged 70)
East Meon, near Petersfield, Hampshire
NationalityBritish
Political partyLiberal Unionist
Conservative
Spouse(s)Hon. Eleanor Williamson
Alma materBalliol College, Oxford
Lord Peel in the entrance of the King David Hotel, 1936.

Background and education

The eldest son of Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel, and Adelaide Dugdale, Peel was born in London in 1867. His father was the fifth and youngest son of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel.[1]

He was educated at Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford,[2] where he was secretary of the Oxford Union.[1]

In 1893, he was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, and practised as a barrister before taking the position of special correspondent for the Daily Telegraph during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897.[2][1]

Political career

In 1900 Peel was appointed a member of the Royal Commission formed to inquire into the operation of the Port of London. In February the same year he began his political career when he was elected in a by-election to fill a vacant seat for Woolwich in the London County Council,[3] to which he was re-elected in the ordinary election the following year. He was a member of the pro-Conservative grouping on the council that became the Municipal Reform Party. He was leader of the Party from 1908 to 1910, and chairman of the county council from 1914 to 1916.[2][1]

He begun his Parliamentary career when he was elected as Liberal Unionist MP for Manchester South at a by-election. At the next general election in 1906 he stood unsuccessfully at Harrow. He returned to the Commons in 1909, when elected as Conservative MP for Taunton at a by-election.[1] He inherited his father's viscountcy in 1912, and moved to the House of Lords.

Peel was appointed a Deputy lieutenant of Bedfordshire[4] and lieutenant-colonel of the Bedfordshire Yeomanry in 1912, and on the outbreak of the First World War moved to France with his regiment. Due to ill health he returned to Britain in 1915. In 1918 he received his first government post as Joint Parliamentary Secretary at the Department of National Service. In 1919 he became Under-Secretary of State for War and a member of the Privy Council.[2][1] Two years later he became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Minister for Transport.

He entered the cabinet in 1922 as Secretary of State for India as part of the coalition government of David Lloyd George but continued in the post after the downfall of the Coalition during the premierships of Bonar Law and Baldwin. Baldwin's Government fell in January 1924, but after a brief spell in opposition was returned to power at the 1924 General Election. Peel was appointed First Commissioner of Works in the Conservative administration formed by Stanley Baldwin. In 1928 he briefly returned to the India Office before the Conservatives lost power at 1929 general election.[1]

The latter year he was created Viscount Clanfield, of Clanfield in the County of Southampton, and Earl Peel in the Dissolution Honours.[2] When a Conservative-dominated National Government was formed after the 1931 election he became Lord Privy Seal. He only held this office for two months, leaving government in November.[1]

In 1932 he was appointed chairman of the Wheat Commission, and in 1934 chaired the Royal Commission on the Common Law. In 1936–37, he chaired the Peel Commission which recommended for the first time the partition of the British Mandate of Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states.[1]

Family

Lord Peel married the Hon. Eleanor, daughter of James Williamson, 1st Baron Ashton, in 1899. They had two children: Arthur Peel, 2nd Earl Peel and Lady Doris, who married Col Stewart Blacker.

In 1929, Lord Ashton died and Peel succeeded him as chairman of James Williamson and Company. He was a director of Barclays Bank and of the Great Northern Railway.[2][1]

Death

Lord Peel died, aged 70, at his home in East Meon, near Petersfield, Hampshire, in 1937 after a long illness.[2][1] He was succeeded in his titles by his son, Arthur.

References

Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs

  1. Alex May (2004). "Peel, William Robert Wellesley, first Earl Peel (1867–1937)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
  2. Lord Peel, Family Tradition Of Statesmanship, The Times, 30 September 1937, p. 14
  3. "London County Council election at Woolwich". The Times (36075). London. 26 February 1900. p. 7.
  4. "No. 28638". The London Gazette. 23 August 1912. p. 6288.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
The Marquess of Lorne
Member of Parliament for Manchester South
19001906
Succeeded by
Arthur Haworth
Preceded by
Sir Edward Boyle, Bt
Member of Parliament for Taunton
19091912
Succeeded by
Sir Gilbert Wills, Bt
Political offices
Preceded by
Cyril Cobb
Chairman of the London County Council
1914–1915
Succeeded by
Cyril Jackson
Preceded by
The Earl of Crawford
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
1921–1922
Succeeded by
Sir William Sutherland
Preceded by
Eric Campbell Geddes
Minister of Transport
1921–1922
Succeeded by
The Earl of Crawford
Preceded by
Edwin Montagu
Secretary of State for India
1922–1924
Succeeded by
The Lord Olivier
Preceded by
Frederick William Jowett
First Commissioner of Works
1924–1928
Succeeded by
The Marquess of Londonderry
Preceded by
The Earl of Birkenhead
Secretary of State for India
1928–1929
Succeeded by
William Wedgwood Benn
Preceded by
Thomas Johnston
Lord Privy Seal
1931
Succeeded by
The Lord Snowden
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Earl Peel
1929–1937
Succeeded by
Arthur Peel
Preceded by
Arthur Peel
Viscount Peel
1912–1937
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