William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Wilhelm Ernst Karl Alexander Friedrich Heinrich Bernhard Albert Georg Hermann, English: William Ernest Charles Alexander Frederick Henry Bernard Albert George Herman; 10 June 1876 – 24 April 1923), was the last Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.

William Ernest
Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Reign5 January 1901 – 9 November 1918
PredecessorCharles Alexander
SuccessorGrand duchy abolished
Born(1876-06-10)10 June 1876
Weimar
Died24 April 1923(1923-04-24) (aged 46)
Henryków, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Silesia
Spouse
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1903; died 1905)​
      Issue
      Full name
      Wilhelm Ernst Karl Alexander Friedrich Heinrich Bernhard Albert Georg Hermann
      HouseHouse of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
      FatherCharles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
      MotherPrincess Pauline of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
      ReligionLutheranism

      Biography

      He was born in Weimar, the eldest son of Karl August of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, heir to the Grand Duke, and his wife Princess Pauline of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.

      He succeeded his grandfather Karl Alexander as Grand Duke on 5 January 1901, as his father had predeceased him.

      His heir was a distant cousin, Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, until his disinheritance in 1909. Hermann's younger brother subsequently served as heir presumptive to the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach until the birth of William Ernest's eldest son.

      Wilhelm Ernst created the new Weimar town centre under the direction of Hans Olde, Henry van de Velde, and Adolf Brütt. He also had the University of Jena rebuilt by Theodor Fischer, and also reconstructed Weimar's theatres. The improvements to the city included a marble statue of his predecessor Charles Alexander, which was completed in 1911. It was placed in a setting designed by Brütt. The placement of the setting was designed to distinguish the "old town" from the newly built area. A preservation law for the "old town" barred it to the "art nouveau"-style which was used in the new area.

      The Dutch throne

      According to the Dutch constitution, Wilhelm Ernst was in the line for the throne of the Netherlands (as the grandson of Princess Sophie of the Netherlands) after Queen Wilhelmina. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Dutch feared the possibility of German influence or even annexation of the Netherlands. In order to prevent this, some lawyers tried to change the constitution to exclude Wilhelm Ernst from the succession. Another proposal, however, was this: if Wilhelmina would die childless, then he or his offspring would have to choose between the Dutch and the Weimar throne. The birth of Wilhelmina's daughter Juliana in 1909 lessened the chance for any member of the House of Wettin (Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach branch) to inherit the Dutch throne. With the amendment to the constitution of 1922, which restricted the right of succession to the offspring of Wilhelmina, the possibility disappeared entirely.

      Abdication

      On 9 November 1918, Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst - along with the rest of the German monarchs following the defeat of Germany in World War I - was forced to abdicate. His throne and all his lands were relinquished and he fled with his family to the family estate in Silesia, where he died five years later.

      Despite all his work for Weimar during his government, Wilhelm Ernst was a hated ruler. This was for his private life, where he was known to be a sadist; the day of his abdication, he was called the "most unpopular prince in all Germany".[1]

      He died in Heinrichau in Silesia.

      Family and children

      In Bückeburg on 30 April 1903 Wilhelm Ernst married firstly with Princess Caroline Reuss of Greiz, a daughter of Prince Heinrich XXII Reuss of Greiz. This marriage was childless and ended in 1905 with the death of Caroline under mysterious circumstances. The official cause of death was pneumonia following influenza; other sources have suggested suicide.

      In Meiningen on 21 January 1910, Wilhelm Ernst married secondly with Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen, daughter of Prince Friedrich Johann of Saxe-Meinigen.

      They had four children:

      NameBirthDeathNotes
      Princess Sophia of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach20 March 191121 November 1988married Friedrich Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg; the marriage ended in divorce less than a year later. There were no children.
      Karl August, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach28 July 1912[2]14 October 1988married Baroness Elisabeth of Wangenheim-Winterstein; had issue
      Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach3 March 191723 March 1986His daughter Katharina Feodora Adelheid Sabine Sophie Felicitas Sieglinde, Princess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (born 30 November 1943) married Prince Emanuel Joseph von Hohenzollern-Emden, son of Franz Joseph, Prince of Hohenzollern-Emden, on 25 May 1968 (divorced in 1985)
      Prince Georg of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach24 November 192111 March 2011changed name for Jörg Brena in 1953 and renounced his succession rights

      Ancestry

      References
      1. "The Most Unpopular Prince in Germany': Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach", European Royal History Journal (Issue XIV): 24–26, December 1999
      2. "Son Born to Grand Duchess", The Washington Post, Eisenach, Germany, 29 July 1912
      William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
      House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
      Cadet branch of the House of Wettin
      Born: 10 June 1876 Died: 24 April 1923
      Regnal titles
      Preceded by
      Charles Alexander      		 Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
      5 January 1901 – 9 November 1918      		 Grand Duchy abolished
      Titles in pretence
      Grand Duchy abolished Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
      5 January 1901 – 24 April 1923      		 Succeeded by
      Charles August
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