Westerham

Westerham is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located 3.4 miles east of Oxted and 6 miles west of Sevenoaks, adjacent to the Kent border with both Greater London and Surrey.

See also: Feldkirchen-Westerham

Westerham

A view across Westerham Green
Westerham
Location within Kent
Population4,475 (2011)
OS grid referenceTQ445545
Civil parish
  • Westerham
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townWESTERHAM
Postcode districtTN16
Dialling code01959
PoliceKent
FireKent
AmbulanceSouth East Coast
UK Parliament

It is recorded as early as the 9th century, and was mentioned in the Domesday Book in a Norman form, Oistreham (compare Ouistreham in Normandy, Oistreham in 1086). Hām is Old English for a village or homestead, and so Westerham means a westerly homestead. The River Darent flows through the town, and formerly powered three watermills.

History
View of Westerham, Kent ca. 1831, from W. H. Ireland's History of Kent.
Church of St Mary the Virgin

There is evidence that the area around Westerham has been settled for thousands of years: finds such as a Celtic fortification (c 2000 BC) and a Roman road are close by, along with the remains of a Roman encampment just past the ruins of a tower south of the town at the summit of Tower Woods.

The tower dates back to the 18th century, and was originally constructed by the owners of Squerryes Court as a folly for their children's amusement.

The manor was originally run by Godwin, Earl of Wessex and later by his son Harold Godwinson the last Saxon King of England. The first Norman lord of Westerham was Eustace II of Boulogne, and the town appears in the Domesday Book as Oistreham. By 1227 Henry III granted Westerham a market charter, making the new village a major player in the buying and selling of cattle in Kent, a tradition that survived to 1961 when the last cattle market was held. St Mary's Church is thought to date from the 13th century,[1] although it was much altered in Victorian times. In 1503 the Protestant martyr John Frith was born in the town.

The church is unusual in that it displays the only known representation of a royal arms of King Edward VI (reigned 1547–1553) in a church. There is little doubt that it is the king's arms as the supporters are a lion and a dragon, and there is a curious Latin phrase beside the arms: "VIVAT REX CURAT LEX" (Long live the King, custodian of the law). England did not have another male monarch until the Union of the Crowns in 1603.[2]

In 1596, there was a peculiar subsidence of a hill measuring 80 by 28 perches, which was transformed into a dale.[3]

General James Wolfe was born in the town in 1727 at what is now known as the Old Vicarage due to a terrible storm on the night he was born. He lived in Quebec House—many streets and buildings are named after him and St Mary's contains not only the font in which he was baptised but also a memorial window to him by Edward Burne-Jones. The town square contains statues to both Wolfe and Churchill.

Interior and exterior scenes for the 2009 BBC mini-series Emma were shot at Squerryes Court with the house appearing as Emma Woodhouse's home Hartfield, while exterior scenes were shot at Chilham, Kent.[4]

Alice Liddell, cited as the inspiration for Lewis Carroll's children's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland lived in the Vicarage for a brief period. Alice rented 'The Breaches' just before she died and then when she became very ill she went to stay with her sister Rhoda at Hoseyrigge in Westerham. She was born at Westminster and when she died aged 82 a memorial service was held for her at St Mary's Church. She was not buried in Westerham. Record producer Brian Higgins, whose Xenomania production team produced hit singles and albums for artists such as Girls Aloud, Kylie Minogue, Sugababes, Pet Shop Boys, Texas and Franz Ferdinand, now occupy what used to be known as the Old Vicarage.

BBC Children's TV founders Freda Lingstrom and Maria Bird lived together in Westerham and named their production company Westerham Arts which was commissioned by the BBC to create The Woodentops, Andy Pandy and the Flower Pot Men.[5]

During a January 1967 visit to Knole Park in Sevenoaks to shoot a promotional film for Strawberry Fields Forever and Penny Lane, John Lennon stopped at a Westerham antiques shop and purchased a poster for Pablo Fanque's Circus Royal, which later inspired the song, "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!"[6]

As well as the parish church (a Grade II*-listed building),[7] there is a Grade II-listed chapel associated with the Congregational Federation[8][9] and a Roman Catholic church. Westerham Evangelical Congregational Church dates from 1839[8] and St John the Baptist's Catholic Parish Church opened in 1955.[10]

Economy
Westerham Mill c. 1912

Westerham was home to the Black Eagle Brewery, which was taken over by Taylor Walker & Co in the 1950s, becoming part of Ind Coope in 1959 and closing in 1965. Yeast from the brewery was preserved at the National Collection of Yeast Cultures and is now used by the present day Westerham Brewery which was established in 2004 by Robert Wicks.[11] The brewery produces a range of ales,[12] including Westerham British Bulldog.[13]

Westerham was home to Crayford Engineering, a successful car conversion company, from 1962 to the 1980s, working from a workshop at Squerryes Mede.

Chartwell
Main article: Chartwell
Chartwell House facade, Westerham
The Churchill statue

In 1922 Winston Churchill MP purchased Chartwell Manor on the outskirts of Westerham, which, apart from the time he spent at 10 Downing Street and 28 Hyde Park Gate (his London Home), was his home for the rest of his life. Chartwell is now administered by the National Trust.

There is a statue of Sir Winston Churchill on the village green at Westerham. It was sculpted by Oscar Nemon and stands on a base of Yugoslavian stone, the gift of Marshal Josip Broz Tito.

Transport

Rail

The nearest National Rail station to Westerham is Oxted station, located 4 miles away.

Buses

Westerham is served by London Buses route 246, Southdown PSV routes 236, 594 & 595, Go Coach route 1 and Arriva route 401 (Sundays only). These connect it with places including Bromley, Biggin Hill, East Grinstead, Edenbridge, Hayes, Oxted, Sevenoaks, Tonbridge & Tunbridge Wells.

Roads

Westerham lies south of the M25 motorway. The A25 road goes west to Oxted, Redhill & Guildford and east to Sevenoaks and Wrotham. The A233 road goes north to Biggin Hill and Bromley. The B2026 road goes south to Edenbridge.

Local sports clubs

Westerham is home to a football team, Westerham football club. It was founded in 1888. They are located at King George V Playing Fields.

Westerham Junior Football Club provide football for 5-18 year olds playing in the Tandridge and Crowborough leagues. The club is based at King George V Playing Fields.

Westerham has two ladies Netball teams. The 1st team compete in the Tunbridge Wells League at Division 3 in the Winter season. The Ladies 2's compete in the Tunbridge Wells League Division 4 in the winter. They play September through to July in both the Winter and Summer Leagues.

Westerham hosts a weekly parkrun (Squerryes Winery parkrun) held on Saturday mornings at 9am. The event takes place on part of the Squerryes Estate at Westerham Winery / Brewery, Beggars Lane.

See also

References
  1. "Church of St Mary the Virgin". historicengland.org. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  2. Hasler, Charles (1980). The Royal Arms – Its Graphic And Decorative Development. Jupiter Books. pp. 87, 89, 134. ISBN 978-0904041200.
  3. British History Online: Westerham Parish, accessed July 2017
  4. Adam Williams (2 October 2009). "A classic setting". Kent Messenger (What's on section, p3).
  5. "Bear Alley web-site". Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  6. Turner, Steve, "A Hard Days Write" (1994). HarperCollins.
  7. Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1244024)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  8. Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1243951)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  9. "History". Westerham Congregational Church. 2012. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  10. Bell, Christopher (2012). "A Short History by Christopher Bell". St John the Baptist, Westerham. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  11. "Westerham Brewery – Home Page". www.westerhambrewery.co.uk. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
  12. "Westerham". ratebeer.com. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
  13. "Westerham British Bulldog BB from Westerham – Ratebeer". ratebeer.com. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
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