West Ham station

West Ham is a London Underground, Docklands Light Railway (DLR) and National Rail intermodal interchange station in West Ham, London, United Kingdom. The station is served by London Underground District, Hammersmith & City and Jubilee lines, the Stratford International branch of the DLR and c2c National Rail services.

West Ham
West Ham Location of West Ham in Greater London
Location	West Ham
Local authority	London Borough of Newham
Managed by	London Underground
Station code	WEH
DfT category	C1
Number of platforms	8
Accessible	Yes[1][2]
Fare zone	2 and 3
London Underground annual entry and exit
2015	3.81 million[3]
2016	3.46 million[3]
2017	4.41 million[3]
2018	5.35 million[4]
2019	4.55 million[5]
DLR annual boardings and alightings
2012	2.441 million[6]
2013	2.011 million[7]
2014	2.188 million[7]
2015	2.848 million[7]
2016	3.187 million[8]
National Rail annual entry and exit
2015–16	8.778[9] million[10]
2016–17	10.630 million[10]
2017–18	10.554 million[10]
2018–19	10.717 million[10]
2019–20	10.181 million[10]
Railway companies
Original company	London, Tilbury and Southend Railway
Pre-grouping	Midland Railway
Post-grouping	London, Midland and Scottish Railway
Key dates
1 February 1901	Opened (LT&SR/NLR)
1902	District line started
1913	London–Southend withdrawn
1 January 1916	NLR withdrawn
1936	Hammersmith & City started
1979	North London service started
14 May 1999	c2c and Jubilee line started
9 December 2006	North London service withdrawn
31 August 2011	DLR started[11]
Other information
External links	TfL station info page Departures Layout Facilities Buses
WGS84	51.528°N 0.004°E
London transport portal

The station was opened in 1901 by the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway on the route from Fenchurch Street to Barking. In the late 1990s, the station was rebuilt and significantly expanded as part of the Jubilee Line Extension, fully opening in 1999. The station is in London fare zone 2 and zone 3.

History

East to west alignment

The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway direct line from Bow to Barking was constructed east to west through the middle of the Parish of West Ham in 1858. Before this, trains took a longer route via Stratford and Forest Gate to the north. The new line opened with stations initially at Bromley, Plaistow and East Ham. In November 1897 Arnold Hills, the owner of the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company, whose football team Thames Ironworks F.C. (which reformed in 1900 as West Ham United) played at the Memorial Grounds, secured an agreement with the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway to build a station at the intersection of Manor Road and Memorial Avenue. The company board approved this in February 1898 and Mowlem's was given the contract to build a four platform station, which allowed for the proposed quadrupling of the line with the completion of the Whitechapel and Bow Railway. The station was completed in May 1900, but did not open until 1 February 1901. The station was initially known as West Ham.

The North London Railway had run a daily service to Plaistow via the Bow-Bromley curve since 18 May 1869 and when West Ham opened it used the northern platforms. In 1905 they switched to the southern platforms, with the opening of a new bay platform at Plaistow on the southern side.[12] The Whitechapel and Bow Railway allowed through services of the Metropolitan District Railway to operate through West Ham to Upminster from 1902. The Metropolitan District converted to electric trains in 1905 and services were cut back to East Ham. The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway trains from Fenchurch Street used the southern platforms when the Metropolitan District services began but stopping was reduced to a few a week in 1908 and to nil in 1913. Ownership of the station passed to the Midland Railway in 1912 and the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. The station was renamed West Ham (Manor Road) on 11 February 1924. When the North London Railway service to Plaistow ceased on 1 January 1916 the southern platforms were unused in normal service.

The Metropolitan District Railway was incorporated into London Transport in 1933, and became known as the District line. Hammersmith & City line services started, as part of the Metropolitan line, in 1936. The southern platforms were removed after war damage in 1940 which had completely closed the station from 7 September 1940 until 11 August 1941.[13] After nationalisation of the railways in 1948 management of the station passed to British Railways. In 1969 ownership was transferred to the London Underground and the station was renamed back to West Ham on 1 January.

On 15 March 1976, nine people were injured here by an explosion on a train by a member of the Provisional IRA. Julius Stephen, the driver of the train, was shot dead at the scene when he attempted to pursue the fleeing bomber.[14]

As part of the Jubilee Line Extension, the station was completely rebuilt, with reconstructed District and Hammersmith and City line platforms. In addition, platforms were re-established on the main line from Fenchurch Street, now operated by c2c. As part of the work, the existing entrance was closed, and the refurbished ticket hall became a connecting concourse to the new ticket hall and the rest of the station. Additionally, the station was made fully accessible.[15]

London 2012 Summer and Paralympic Games

The footbridge that served the Olympic exit to The Greenway in 2012.

The station was temporarily modified to allow it to cope with an increase in passenger numbers during the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. A footbridge was constructed to connect the station to the Greenway foot and cycle path, which connects directly to the Olympic Park in Stratford.[16]

Work began in January 2011, with the construction of temporary stairs and a walkway from the eastern end of the District line platforms, over the eastbound track and running back parallel to the platform ending at Manor Road. The footbridge was demolished in mid-October 2012, following the end of the 2012 Summer Paralympics. The foundations of the temporary footbridge have been left for possible use in future expansion of the station.[17] A double-ended centre siding east of West Ham was constructed to compensate for lost reversing capacity caused by the rebuilding of Whitechapel station as part of Crossrail work.[18] This was commissioned on 17 January 2011.[19]

North to south alignment

The Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway was constructed north to south through West Ham, linking Stratford with Canning Town in 1846. Platforms were constructed on the line at West Ham in 1979 when the North London Line service, at the time known as the Crosstown Link line, began between Camden Road and North Woolwich. In the 1990s, the station was comprehensively rebuilt as part of the Jubilee Line Extension, designed by van Heyningen and Haward Architects. A new bridge crosses four rail lines and a main road, to connect the Jubilee line and North London line platforms with the new ticket hall and the rest of the station.[15] Jubilee line services began on 14 May 1999.[20] North London Line services at the station ceased on 9 December 2006, when the line from Stratford to North Woolwich was closed, to allow for the line to be converted for the Docklands Light Railway. The platforms reopened on 31 August 2011 as part of the extension to Stratford International.[21]

Design

Designed by van Heyningen and Haward Architects, the station was rebuilt as part of the Jubilee Line Extension in the 1990s. The station consists of four sets of island platforms, two on an elevated east-west alignment and another perpendicular pair at street level, giving a total of eight platform faces.

The existing entrance was closed, with the old ticket hall refurbished to become a connecting concourse to the District and Hammersmith & City line platforms and the (new) c2c platforms. A new ticket hall - facing onto Manor Road - connects this concourse to the Jubilee line and North London line platforms via a high level bridge that spans four rail lines and a main road. The station building and connecting passageways are finished in a mixture of red brick, concrete and glass, inspired by Charles Holden.[15][22] The station was built at a fraction of the cost of other Jubilee Line Extension stations, just £10.5m compared to over £100m at stations like Canary Wharf.[23]

At the upper level, the northern island platform (Platform 1 and 2) are used by District line and Hammersmith & City line trains, and the southern island platform (Platforms 7 and 8) are used by c2c trains. At the lower level, the western island platform (Platforms 5 and 6) are used by Jubilee line trains, with the eastern island platform (Platforms 3 and 4) - formerly the North London line platforms - are now used by Docklands Light Railway trains.

Incidents

On 15 March 1976, seven people were injured by a Provisional IRA bomb on a Metropolitan line train. The terrorist then shot and killed the train's driver Julius Stephen.[24][14]

Location

The station is located at the corner of Durban Road and Manor Road, in the London Borough of Newham. The station is named after the former parish and borough of West Ham within which it was located to the west of the centre. The neighbourhood of West Ham is located some distance to the north-east. Since West Ham United Football Club moved to the Boleyn Ground in 1904, the station is no longer located near their home ground. East London Rugby Football Club is situated nearby on Holland Road, which is also home to Kings Cross Steelers RFC and Phantoms RFC.[25]

Services

West Ham Station Signs with a DLR sign in the foreground and Jubilee line sign in the background.

The station is in London fare zone 2 and zone 3. The typical off-peak weekday service from the station is:

tph=trains per hour

London Underground:

• 12tph to Upminster (District line)
• 3tph to Barking (District line)
• 6tph to Barking (Hammersmith & City line)
• 6tph to Hammersmith (Hammersmith)
• 15tph to Earl's Court (District line)
• 6tph to Ealing Broadway (District line)
• 6tph to Richmond (District line)
• 3tph to Wimbledon (District line)
• 20tph to Stratford (Jubilee line)
• 12tph to Stanmore (Jubilee line)
• 4tph to Wembley Park (Jubilee line)
• 4tph to Willesden Green (Jubilee line)

DLR:

• 6tph to Stratford International
• 6tph to Woolwich Arsenal

C2C:

• 4tph to Shoeburyness (2tph semi-fast, 2tph all stations)
• 2tph to Southend Central via Grays and Ockendon (all stations)
• 2tph to Grays via Rainham (all stations)
• 8tph to London Fenchurch Street

Connections

London Bus route 276 serves the station.[26]

References

1. "Step free Tube Guide" (PDF). Transport for London. May 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2020.
2. "London and South East" (PDF). National Rail. September 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009.
3. "Multi-year station entry-and-exit figures (2007–2017)" (XLSX). London Underground station passenger usage data. Transport for London. January 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
4. "Station Usage Data" (CSV). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2018. Transport for London. 21 August 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
5. "Station Usage Data" (XLSX). Usage Statistics for London Stations, 2019. Transport for London. 23 September 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
6. Transport for London (12 February 2013). "Freedom of Information DLR usage 1213". Transport for London. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
7. "Up-to-date DLR entry/exit statistics for each station" (XLSX). What Do They Know. Transport for London. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
8. "Passenger Numbers - Docklands Light Railway Limited" (XLSX (after downloading zip)). What Do They Know. Transport for London. 8 June 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
9. 2.434 million of this increase was due to methodological changes. Without these changes, the figure would have been 6.344 million.
10. "Station usage estimates". Rail statistics. Office of Rail Regulation. Please note: Some methodology may vary year on year.
11. "Docklands Light Railway extension marks one year to go to the London 2012 Paralympic Games". Retrieved 5 February 2013.
12. The London & Tilbury Railway vol 1 page 41 by Peter Kay ISBN 1-899890-10-6
13. The London, Tilbury & Southend Railway vol 2 page 113 by Peter Kay ISBN 1-899890-19-X
14. "Onthis Day". BBC News. 15 March 1976. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
15. Bennett, David, 1948- (2004). Architecture of the Jubilee Line Extension. London: Thomas Telford. ISBN 0-7277-3088-6. OCLC 51870430.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
16. "New footbridge planned to avoid the 2012 Olympics crush". East London Advertiser. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
17. "West Ham Station gets Olympic footbridge". TRL.co.uk. 4 December 2009. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
18. "TheRailwayCentre.Com". TheRailwayCentre.Com. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
19. Underground News March 2011 page 173 ISSN 0306-8617
20. Horne, M: The Jubilee Line, page 79. Capital Transport Publishing, 2000.
21. "Docklands Light Railway extension marks one year to go to the London 2012 Paralympic Games". Transport for London. 31 August 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
22. Cherry, Bridget. (2005). London. 5, East. O'Brien, Charles., Pevsner, Nikolaus, 1902-1983. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10701-3. OCLC 57431801.
23. "West Ham Station, Jubilee Line Extension | van Heyningen and Haward Architects". www.vhh.co.uk. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
24. "1976: Tube driver shot dead". BBC On This Day. 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
25. "Phantoms RFC". Phantoms RFC. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
26. "West Ham - bus stops". Transport for London. Retrieved 29 May 2020.

External links

• Train times and station information for West Ham station from National Rail