WASP-18b

WASP-18b is an extrasolar planet that is notable for having an orbital period of less than one day. It has a mass equal to 10 Jupiter masses,[1] just below the boundary line between planets and brown dwarfs, about 13 Jupiter masses. Due to tidal deceleration, it is expected to spiral towards and eventually merge with its host star, WASP-18, in less than a million years.[1] The planet is approximately 3.1 million kilometres (1.9 million miles) from its star, which is about 410 light-years from Earth. It was discovered by a team led by Coel Hellier, a professor of astrophysics at Keele University in England.[1]

WASP-18b
Size comparison of WASP-18b with Jupiter.
Discovery
Discovered byHellier et al. (SuperWASP)[1]
Discovery dateAugust 27, 2009[1]
Transit[1] (including secondary eclipses)
Orbital characteristics
Apastron0.02045 AU (3,059,000 km)
Periastron0.02007 AU (3,002,000 km)
0.02026 ± 0.00068 AU (3,031,000 ± 102,000 km)[2]
Eccentricity0.0092 ± 0.0028[2]
0.94145455+0.00000087
−0.00000132[3] d
22.59487 h
Inclination86 ± 2.5[2]
96 ± 10[2]
StarWASP-18
Physical characteristics
Mean radius
1.106+0.072
−0.054[2] RJ
Mass10.3 ± 0.69[2] MJ
Temperature2500±200[4]

    Scientists at Keele and at the University of Maryland are working to understand whether the discovery of this planet so shortly before its expected demise (with less than 0.1% of its lifetime remaining) was fortuitous, or whether tidal dissipation by WASP-18 is actually much less efficient than astrophysicists typically assume.[1][5] Observations made over the next decade should yield a measurement of the rate at which WASP-18b's orbit is decaying.[6]

    The closest example of a similar situation in the Solar System is Mars' moon Phobos. Phobos orbits Mars at a distance of only about 9,000 km (5,600 mi), 40 times closer than the Moon is to the Earth,[7] and is expected to be destroyed in about eleven million years.[8]

    Dayside temperature measured in 2020 is 3029±50 K.[9]

    The study in 2012, utilizing a Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, have determined the planetary orbit is well aligned with the equatorial plane of the star, misalignment equal to 13±7°.[10]

    Exoplanet WASP-18b − high carbon monoxide levels detected in stratosphere (artist concept)[11]

    See also

    References
    1. Hellier, Coel; et al. (2009). "An orbital period of 0.94days for the hot-Jupiter planet WASP-18b" (PDF). Nature. 460 (7259): 1098–1100. Bibcode:2009Natur.460.1098H. doi:10.1038/nature08245. PMID 19713926.
    2. "Notes for planet WASP-18b". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
    3. McDonald, I.; Kerins, E. (2018). "Pre-discovery transits of the exoplanets WASP-18b and WASP-33b from Hipparcos". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 477 (1): L21–L24. arXiv:1803.06187. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.477L..21M. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/sly045.
    4. Zhou, G.; Bayliss, D. D. R.; Kedziora-Chudczer, L.; Tinney, C. G.; Bailey, J.; Salter, G.; Rodriguez, J. (2015). "Secondary eclipse observations for seven hot-Jupiters from the Anglo-Australian Telescope". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454 (3): 3002–3019. arXiv:1509.04147. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.454.3002Z. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2138.
    5. Hamilton, Douglas P. (2009-08-27). "Extrasolar planets: Secrets that only tides will tell". Nature. Nature Publishing Group. 460 (7259): 1086–1087. Bibcode:2009Natur.460.1086H. doi:10.1038/4601086a. PMID 19713920.
    6. Thompson, Andrea (2009-08-26). "Newfound Planet Might Be Near Death". Space.Com. Imaginova. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
    7. Johnson, John Jr.; Astrophysicists puzzle over planet that's too close to its sun, Los Angeles Times (August 27, 2009).
    8. Sharma, Bijay Kumar (2008-05-10). "Theoretical Formulation of the Phobos, moon of Mars, rate of altitudinal loss". arXiv:0805.1454 [astro-ph].
    9. Systematic phase curve study of known transiting systems from year one of the TESS mission, 2020, arXiv:2003.06407
    10. Obliquities of Hot Jupiter host stars: Evidence for tidal interactions and primordial misalignments, 2012, arXiv:1206.6105
    11. Landau, Elizabeth; Zubritsky, Elizabeth (29 November 2017). "Exoplanet Has Smothering Stratosphere Without Water". NASA. Retrieved 29 November 2017.

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