Vertigo (gastropod)

Vertigo is a genus of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.

Vertigo
A live individual of Vertigo moulinsiana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora
clade Orthurethra
Superfamily:
Pupilloidea
Family:
Vertiginidae
Subfamily:
Vertigininae
Tribe:
Vertiginini
Genus:
Vertigo

Distribution

The distribution of the genus Vertigo includes Europe, northern Asia, eastern Asia, Japan, Central and North America, Caribbean and the Bermudas.[2]

Shell description

In this genus, the shell is deeply rimate and ovate. The apex is acuminate and obtuse. The shell has 5–6 whorls. The last whorl is rounded. The aperture is semioval with 4 to 7 folds. The peristome is scarcely expanded and white-lipped.[3]

Anatomy

Snails in the genus Vertigo have no oral tentacles, thus they have only one pair of tentacles.

The jaw is arched; the ends squarely truncated; the anterior surface striate; the cutting edge with a median projection. The radula has a central tooth that is almost square, tricuspid, as large as or larger than the lateral teeth, which are similar, narrower, and bi- or tricuspid. The marginal teeth are low, wide and serrated.[3]

Synonyms
  • Alaea Jeffreys, 1830
  • † Angustella Steklov, 1967 (invalid: junior homonym of Angustella Waagen, 1907 [Bivalvia])
  • Dexiogyra Stabile, 1864
  • Glacivertigo Balashov, 2016
  • Haplopupa Pilsbry, 1898
  • Helix (Isthmia) Gray, 1821 (original name)
  • Isthmia Gray, 1821
  • †Ptychalaea O. Boettger, 1889 (junior synonym)
  • Pupa (Isthmia) Gray, 1821
  • Pupa (Vertigo) O.F. Müller, 1773 (considered a separate genus)
  • † Ungulidenta Popova & Schileyko, 1981 (junior synonym)
  • Vertigo (Alaea) Jeffreys, 1830· accepted, alternate representation
  • Vertigo (Alloptyx) Pilsbry, 1953 (junior synonym)
  • Vertigo (Angustula) Sterki, 1888 (junior synonym)
  • Vertigo (Boreovertigo) Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018· accepted, alternate representation
  • Vertigo (Isthmia) Gray, 1821· accepted, alternate representation
  • Vertigo (Nearctula) Sterki, 1892· accepted, alternate representation
  • † Vertigo (Ptychalaea) O. Boettger, 1889 (junior synonym)
  • Vertigo (Vertigo) O. F. Müller, 1773· accepted, alternate representation
  • Vertigo (Vertilla) Moquin-Tandon, 1856· accepted, alternate representation
  • Vertigo (Vertillaria) Pilsbry, 1919

Species
Apertural view of a shell of Vertigo heldi

Species in the genus Vertigo include:

subgenus Vertigo O. F. Müller, 1774

  • Vertigo alpestris Alder, 1838 – tundra vertigo
  • † Vertigo antipygmaea Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2018
  • Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801)
  • Vertigo arctica (Wallenberg, 1858)
  • Vertigo arthuri Von Martens, 1882
  • Vertigo beringia Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
  • † Vertigo bicolumellata Steklov in Steklov & Tsytovich, 1967
  • Vertigo bollesiana (Morse, 1865) – Delicate vertigo snail
  • Vertigo botanicorum Horsak & Pokryszko, 2010[4]
  • † Vertigo callosa Reuss in Reuss & Meyer, 1849
  • Vertigo chytryi Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
  • Vertigo concinnula (Roscoe and Roscoe, 1955) – Mitered vertigo[5]
  • † Vertigo consteniusi Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
  • † Vertigo diversidens (Sandberger, 1872)
  • † Vertigo doliara Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
  • Vertigo elatior (Brooks, 1936) – tapered vertigo[6]
  • Vertigo extima (Westerlund, 1877)
  • † Vertigo flexidens (Reuss, 1861)
  • Vertigo genesii (Gredler, 1856) – Round-mouthed Whorl Snail
  • Vertigo geyeri Lindholm, 1925
  • Vertigo gouldii (Binney, 1843)[7]
  • † Vertigo hauchecornei Klebs, 1886
  • Vertigo heldi Clessin, 1877
  • † Vertigo interferens (Deshayes, 1863)
  • Vertigo kodamai Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
  • † Vertigo kroloppi Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
  • † Vertigo kuenowii Klebs, 1886
  • Vertigo lilljeborgi (Westerlund, 1871)
  • † Vertigo micra Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001
  • Vertigo milium (Gould, 1840)[7] – Blade Vertigo
  • † Vertigo milleri Gottschick & Wenz, 1919
  • † Vertigo minor O. Boettger, 1870
  • Vertigo modesta (Say, 1824) – cross vertigo
  • † Vertigo moedlingensis Wenz & Edlauer, 1942
  • Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849) – Desmoulin's whorl snail
  • † Vertigo mystica (Stworzewicz & Pokryszko, 2015)
  • Vertigo nangaparbatensis Pokryszko & Hlaváč, 2009
  • Vertigo nitidula (Mousson, 1876)
  • † Vertigo nouleti Michaud, 1862
  • Vertigo nylanderi Sterki, 1909
  • † Vertigo ocsensis (Halaváts, 1903)
  • † Vertigo oecsensis (Halaváts, 1903)
  • Vertigo oscariana Sterki, 1890
  • Vertigo ovata (Say, 1822)[7] – ovate vertigo
  • † Vertigo ovatula (Sandberger, 1875)
  • † Vertigo pageti Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
  • † Vertigo palangula (De Boissy, 1848)
  • † Vertigo paradoxa Sterki in Pilsbry, 1900
  • † Vertigo praecoquis Russell, 1956
  • † Vertigo protracta (Sandberger, 1875)
  • Vertigo pseudosubstriata Ložek, 1954[8]
  • Vertigo pusilla O. F. Müller, 1774 – type species
  • Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801) – crested vertigo
  • Vertigo ronnebyensis (Westerlund, 1871)
  • Vertigo shimochii Kuroda & Amano, 1960
  • Vertigo sieversi (O. Boettger, 1879)
  • Vertigo substriata (Jeffreys, 1833)
  • Vertigo superstriata Pokryszko & Auffenberg, 2009
  • † Vertigo tembrockae Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
  • † Vertigo trolli Wenz in K. Fischer & Wenz, 1914
  • † Vertigo tuchoricensis Pilsbry in Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1919
  • Vertigo ventricosa (E. S. Morse, 1865)
  • † Vertigo vracevicensis Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2017
  • † Vertigo whitei Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992

subgenus Vertilla Moquin-Tandon, 1856

subgenus ?

  • Vertigo alabamensis G. Clapp, 1915 – Alabama Vertigo
  • Vertigo conecuhensis G. Clapp, 1915
  • Vertigo cubana Crosse, 1890[7]
  • Vertigo eogea
    • Vertigo eogea stagnalis
  • Vertigo hachijoensis
  • Vertigo hebardi Vanetta, 1912
  • Vertigo hirasei
  • Vertigo hubrichti Pilsbry, 1934
  • Vertigo japonica
  • Vertigo kushiroensis
  • Vertigo meramecensis Van Devender, 1979
  • Vertigo neglecta Arango in Poey, 1856[7]
  • Vertigo oralis Sterki, 1890 – Palmetto Vertigo
  • Vertigo oscariana Sterki, 1890 – Capital Vertigo
  • Vertigo occulta Vanetta, 1912
  • Vertigo parcedentata (Braun, 1847)
  • Vertigo rugosula Sterki, 1890 – Striate Vertigo
  • Vertigo teskeyae Hubricht, 1961 – Swamp Vertigo
  • Vertigo torrei Aguayo & Jaume, 1934[7]
  • Vertigo ultimathule Proschwitz, 2007[9]

References

This article incorporates public domain text from reference.[3]

  1. Müller O. F. 1773. Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Voluminis Imi pars Ima. pp. [1–33], 1–135. Havniæ & Lipsiæ. (Heineck & Faber).
  2. "Genus summary for Vertigo"]. AnimalBase, last modified 30 January 2010, accessed 2 October 2010.
  3. Baker F. C. (25 April) 1902. The Mollusca of the Chicago Area. Part II. Gastropoda. Bulletin No. III. of the Natural History Survey, The Chicago Academy of Sciences, 418 pp. 33 plates, page 240-241.
  4. Horsak, M. & Pokryszko, B. M. "Vertigo botanicorum sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Vertiginidae)–a new whorl-snail from the Russian Altai Mountains." Zootaxa 2634 (2010): 57–62.
  5. "Vertigo concinnula". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  6. "Vertigo elatior". Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  7. "Mollusca" Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Diversidad Biológica Cubana, accessed 23 March 2011.
  8. (in German) Ložek V. (1964). Quartärmollusken der Tschechoslowakei. – Rozpravy Ústředního ústavu geologického, Praha, 31: 374 pp., pp. 204–205.
  9. Proschwitz T. von (2007). "Vertigo ultimathule n. sp., a new whorl-snail from northernmost Sweden (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Vertiginidae)". Heldia 5(3): 73–74, Taf. 9. München.

Further reading
  • Speight M. C. D., Moorkens E. A. & Falkner G. (2003). Proceedings of the workshop on conservation biology of European Vertigo species.
  • Myzyk S. (2005). "Egg structure of some vertiginid species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Vertiginidae)". Folia Malacologica 13: 169. (open access with registration required)
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