Usmani family of Deoband

The Usmani family of Deoband are the descendants of the third Rashidun Caliph, Uthman, based primarily in the town of Deoband in India. The notable people of this family include Fazlur Rahman Usmani, Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, Azizur Rahman Usmani and Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.

Fazlur Rahman Usmani, Nehal Ahmad, Mehtab Ali and Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi from the family were co-founders of Darul Uloom Deoband. Atiqur Rahman Usmani, a member of this family, co-founded Nadwatul Musannifeen and All India Muslim Majlis-e-Mushawarat.

History

Ubaid Iqbal Asim in his work Mawlāna Zafar Ahmad: Life and works, discussing the background of Usmanis in Deoband, mentions that, "one of the famous saintly figures that lived in Deoband is Khwajah Abul Wafā Usmāni, who was a cousin brother of Jalāluddīn Kabīr al-Awliya Pānipati".[1] He had settled in Deoband in the eighth hijri century.[1] Asim asserts that, most of the Usmanis in Deoband are the successors of Abul Wafā Usmāni.[1]

Ten generations later, Lutfullah was born in the family of Abd al-Wafā Usmāni. He held the position of treasurer in the court of Shah Jahan.[1]

Lineage
See also: Arabic name § Nasab, and Patronymic § Arabic

The lineage of Abul Wafā Usmāni is, Abd al-Wafā ibn Ubaydullāh ibn Hussayn ibn Abd al-Razzāq ibn Abd al-Hakīm ibn Hasan ibn Abdullāh ibn Yaqoub ibn Īsa ibn Ismā'īl ibn Muḥammad ibn Abu Bakr ibn Ali ibn Usman ibn Abdullah Hirmāni ibn Abd al-Allāh Gārzūni ibn Abd al-Azīz III ibn Khālid ibn Walīd ibn Abd al-Azīz II ibn Shihābuddin ibn Abdullāh II ibn Abd al-Azīz ibn Abd al-Allāh ibn Amr ibn Uthman ibn Uthman.[2]

People

Fazlur Rahman Usmani
Main article: Fazlur Rahman Usmani

Fazlur Rahman Usmani lived between 1831 and 15 June 1907.[3] He was one of the co-founders of Darul Uloom Deoband.[4] His nasab (patronymic) is: Fazlur Rahmān ibn Murād Bakhsh ibn Ghulām Muhammad ibn Ghulām Nabī ibn Lutfullāh ibn Muḥammad Ashiq ibn Farīd Usmāni ibn Abu Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Hāfiz ibn Muḥammad ibn Abd al-Mālik ibn Abd al-Azīz ibn Abd al-Hakīm ibn Sa'īd ibn Muḥammad ibn Fazlullāh ibn Abul Wafā Usmāni.[2]

His sons include Azizur Rahman Usmani and Shabbir Ahmad Usmani. Atiqur Rahman Usmani, the co-founder of Nadwatul Musannifeen and All India Muslim Majlis-e-Mushawarat was his grandson.[5][4] Shams Naved Usmani is another grandson of Usmāni.[6] Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani, who was the grandson of Azizur Rahman Usmani, translated Fatawa 'Alamgiri into Urdu language.[7]

After the creation of Pakistan in 1947, Shabbir Ahmad Usmani hoisted its flag in Karachi in the presence of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.[8]

Shaykh Fateh Ali

Fateh Ali was the grandfather of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi.[9] He had three sons, Mehtab Ali, Masood Ali and Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi.[9] Mehtab Ali and Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi were also among the co-founders of Darul Uloom Deoband.[10] Zulfiqar Ali's son Mahmud Hasan Deobandi became the first student who studied in Darul Uloom Deoband.[11]

Karamat Hussain

Karamat Hussain is known to have established a madrassa at his home in Deoband.[12] The teacher in this madrassa was Mehtab Ali, the uncle of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi.[12] This madrassa remained functioning until the foundation of Darul Uloom Deoband. Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi studied there under the supervision of Mehtab Ali.[12]

Nehal Ahmad, the son of Karamat Hussain, was one of co-founders of Darul Uloom Deoband.[13] He was the brother-in-law of Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi.[12] Nehal had a son, Lateef Ahmad, who was married to the sister of Ashraf Ali Thanwi.[12] Zafar Ahmad Usmani was the son of Lateef Ahmad, and a nephew of Thanwi.[14]

Zafar Ahmad Usmani hoisted the flag of Pakistan in Dhaka in 1947 in the presence of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.[8]

Miyānji Shukrullah

Shukrullah was among the fore-fathers of Muhammad Shafi Usmani. The family also claims the Usmani descent, however they do not possess the complete lineage.[15] Muhammad Rafi Usmani and Muhammad Taqi Usmani are both sons of Muhammad Shafi Usmani, who was one of active members of Pakistan movement.[16]

Muhammad Rafi Usmani has mentioned the incomplete lineage in the biography of his father entitled Hayāt Mufti Azam as, "Muhammad Shafi ibn Muhammad Yasīn ibn Khalīfa Tehseen Ali ibn Imām Ali ibn Karīmullāh ibn Khayrullāh ibn Shukrullah".[15] According to Rafi Usmani, Karīmullāh had moved to Deoband in 1183 AH.[17] Shafi Usmani's father, Muhammad Yasīn Usmāni was among the earliest students of Darul Uloom Deoband.[18] Yasīn's students include Asghar Hussain Deobandi, Shabbir Ahmad Usmani and Sanaullah Amritsari.[19]

References
  1. Ubaid, Iqbal Asim (2001), Mawlāna Zafar Ahmad: Hayāt-o-Khidmāt, p. 49
  2. Ishtiyāq Aḥmad Qāsmi (December 2017). "Mufti-e-Azam Mufti Azīz-ur-Rahmān Usmāni: Hayāt-o-Khidmāt" [The Grand Mufti, Mufti Azīz-ur-Rahmān Usmāni: Life and works]. Darul Uloom (in Urdu). Darul Uloom Deoband. 101 (12). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  3. Rahmān, Abu Ukāsha, Tārīkh ke qātil, p. 45
  4. Muhammad Tayyib, Qari. Bukhari, Akbar Shah (ed.). 50 Misaali Shaksiyaat [50 Exemplar personalities] (in Urdu) (July 1999 ed.). pp. 58–59.
  5. Mehdi, Jameel (ed.). "Atiqur Rahman Usmani (1901-1984)". Mufakkir-e-Millat Number, Burhan (November 1987 ed.). Delhi: Nadwatul Musannifeen. pp. 506–507.
  6. Tabish Mehdi (September 2010). "Yād-e-Raftgān: Shams Naved Usmāni". Zindagi-e-Nau. 36 (9). Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  7. Qasmi, Amanat Ali (28 February 2018). "نستعلیق صفت انسان مفتی کفیل الرحمن نشاط عثمانی" [Well-Behaved Human: Mufti Kafeelur Rahman Nishat Usmani]. Jahan-e-Urdu (in Urdu). Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  8. Syed Talha Shah (20 November 2018). "Asia Bibi: Pakistanis need to bridge the mister-mulla divide". Daily Times. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  9. Iqbal Hasan Khān, Shaykh al-Hind Mawlāna Mahmūd Hasan: Hayāt awr Ilmi Kārnāme, p. 115
  10. Iqbal Hasan Khān, Shaykh al-Hind Mawlāna Mahmūd Hasan: Hayāt awr Ilmi Kārnāme, p. 116
  11. Iqbal Hasan Khān, Shaykh al-Hind Mawlāna Mahmūd Hasan: Hayāt awr Ilmi Kārnāme, p. 119
  12. Ubaid, Iqbal Asim (2001), Mawlāna Zafar Ahmad: Hayāt-o-Khidmāt, p. 50
  13. Muhammad Miyan Deobandi, Ulama-e-Haqq Aur Unke Mujahidana Karname, 1, pp. 22–23
  14. Ubaid, Iqbal Asim (2001), Mawlāna Zafar Ahmad: Hayāt-o-Khidmāt, p. 52
  15. Muhammad Rafi Usmani, Hayāt Mufti Azam, p. 15
  16. Asim Khan; Imtiaz Ali (22 March 2019). "Mufti Taqi Usmani survives assassination attempt in Karachi". Dawn. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  17. Muhammad Rafi Usmani, Hayāt Mufti Azam, p. 16
  18. Muhammad Rafi Usmani, Hayāt Mufti Azam, p. 18
  19. Muhammad Rafi Usmani, Hayāt Mufti Azam, p. 21

Bibliography
  • Ubaid, Iqbal Asim (2001). Mawlāna Zafar Ahmad: Hayāt-o-Khidmāt [Mawlāna Zafar Ahmad: Life and works] (PhD). Aligarh Muslim University.
  • Anjum Usmani. "Kahāni Mujhy Likhti Hai". Kahin Kuchh Kho Gaya Hai. pp. 7–27. ISBN 978-81-8042-230-0.
  • Usmani, Muhammad Rafi. Hayāt Mufti Azam [Life of the Grand Mufti] (in Urdu) (May 2005 ed.). Karachi: Idāratul Ma'ārif.
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