United States Navy Memorial

The United States Navy Memorial is a memorial in Washington, D.C. honoring those who have served or are currently serving in the Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and the Merchant Marine.

United States Navy Memorial
United States Navy Memorial
LocationWashington, D.C., U.S.
Coordinates38°53′39″N 77°1′23″W
EstablishedOctober 13, 1987
Governing bodyU.S. Navy Memorial Foundation

It lies on Pennsylvania Avenue NW between 7th Street Northwest and 9th Street Northwest, adjacent to the Archives station of the Washington Metro and the National Archives building. The National Park Service, through its National Mall and Memorial Parks administrative unit, provides technical and maintenance assistance to the foundation.

Associated with the memorial is the Naval Heritage Center, which offers spaces available for rent, and is open year-round.

History

In the early days of U.S. independence, architect Pierre L'Enfant envisioned a memorial in the nation's capital "to celebrate the first rise of the Navy and consecrate its progress and achievements."[1]

Pennsylvania Avenue, the boulevard that links the U.S. Capitol and White House, was chosen as the site for a memorial to all of the U.S. sea services.[1]

After President John F. Kennedy—himself a World War II Navy war hero—inspired the redevelopment of Pennsylvania Avenue, another, Admiral Arleigh Burke, proclaimed in 1977 that "we have talked long enough about a navy memorial and it's time we did something about it."[1]

In the spring of 1977, Burke—a former three-term Chief of Naval Operations—started to recruit a group to form the private, non-profit U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation. The following year, the foundation, led by Rear Admiral William Thompson, USN (Ret.), began work on the enabling legislation, design, site selection, and fund raising that would lead to the construction and subsequent of a memorial.[1]

Congress authorized the memorial in 1980, with the stipulation that funding come solely from private contributions. In March 1980, President Jimmy Carter signed the act into law.[1]

The foundation teamed up with the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation to use Market Square as the site for the memorial. The pair selected William Conklin and James Rossant of New York as architects.[1]

The Navy Memorial in 2010

By December 1985, the foundation had raised enough funds to earn a go-ahead from the Secretary of the Interior and construction got underway the following month.

By August 1987, Stanley Bleifeld completed work on The Lone Sailor statue as construction of the memorial neared completion at the site. The memorial was dedicated on October 13, 1987.[1]

From late 1987 to mid-1990, two buildings were constructed on the memorial's northern perimeter. The eastern of the two buildings was selected for the memorial's visitors center. The building's shell was sufficiently completed by September 1989 to allow construction to begin for the interior of the Visitors Center. The visitors center opened in June 1991 and was formally dedicated on October 12, 1991. Some $18-million was raised by opening day of the visitors center, and fund raising continues today, to retire remaining construction debt and support educational programs undertaken by the foundation.

During the summer of 2006, the water in the fountains of the Navy Memorial was colored blue due by chemicals added to fight algae growth.[2] According to a spokesperson for the memorial, the algae has been surprisingly difficult to eliminate, and that they "figured it was better to have blue water than to have an algae-encrusted memorial."[3] The blue water was gone by the end of the summer.

Memorial Plaza features The Lone Sailor, a statue by Stanly Bleifield and tribute to all personnel of the sea services overlooking the Granite Sea, a map depicting the world's oceans, using an azimuthal projection centered on Washington, DC.[4] Surrounding these are two fountains honoring the personnel of the American Navy and the other navies of the world. Its southern hemisphere is surrounded by 26 bronze high reliefs commemorating events, personnel, and communities of the various sea services.

Adjacent to the Memorial Plaza is the United States Navy Memorial Visitor Center, which features the Arleigh & Roberta Burke Theater, several rotating exhibits about the sea services, and several Navy Log kiosks, for easy registration on the Navy Log. The Visitor Center also features daily screenings of the films At Sea and A Day in the Life of the Blue Angels. The Media Resource Center provides a library of printed, audio and video historical documents on the Navy. The Navy Log room has touch-screen kiosks to register and search for Sea Service members and veterans.

From June 2018 through June 2020, the Visitor Center featured two exhibits: The American Sailor: Agile, Capable, and Talented, and Zumwalt: The Current that Brought the Navy to the Shores of the 20th Century. The American Sailor tells the story of the birth of the United States Navy, and explores how individuals have defended the country at sea and provided U.S. military services wherever the seas extend over time. Zumwalt exhibits oral histories, personal keepsakes, family artifacts and first-hand written accounts of Zumwalt’ s life as CNO, leader, father, husband, and true American that propelled the Navy into the 20th century.[5]

Memorial quotes

On an outdoor wall at the Navy Memorial are engraved noteworthy sayings from the history of the US Navy, and who said them. Among which are:

  • "I have not yet begun to fight!" – Captain John Paul Jones – 1779
  • "Don't give up the ship!" – Captain James Lawrence – 1813
  • "We have met the enemy and they are ours." – Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry – 1813
  • "Damn the torpedoes, full steam ahead." – Admiral David Farragut – 1864
  • "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley." – Commodore George Dewey – 1898
  • "Speak softly and carry a big stick." – President Theodore Roosevelt – 1907
  • "Sighted sub, sank same" – Aviation Machinist's Mate 1/c Donald Francis Mason – 1942[6]
  • "Underway on nuclear power." – Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson – January 17, 1955
  • "That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind" – Astronaut and Naval Aviator Neil Armstrong – July 20, 1969
  • "I can imagine no more rewarding a career. And any man who may be asked in this century what he did to make his life worthwhile, I think can respond with a good deal of pride and satisfaction: 'I served in the United States Navy.'" President John F. Kennedy, 1 August 1963, at Bancroft Hall at the US Naval Academy,

Other Navy memorials
At the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, the memorial contains a small chapel and tribute to the various battles fought in the Pacific.

See also

References
  1. "History of the Navy Memorial". U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 2014-06-01. Excerpted from Wolff, Brian R. (January 1998). From the Sea. Osprey Pub Co. ISBN 978-1855326712.
  2. Kelly, John (June 30, 2006). "John Kelly's Washington Live". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2006-08-21.
  3. Grass, Michael (August 17, 2006). "Blue Hue vs. Residue" (PDF). The Washington Post Express. p. 36. Retrieved 2006-08-21.
  4. @NavyMemorial (2016-12-12). "@EconAndrew According to our literature "an azimuthal projection purchased from the Defense Mapping Agency," 1/10th scale, centered on DC" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  5. "Exhibits". United States Navy Memorial. Retrieved 2018-10-31.
  6. "Famous Navy Quotes". U.S. Navy Memorial website. Retrieved 2007-09-21.
  7. USS South Dakota is memorialized at Sioux Falls, S. Dak., where memorabilia and parts of the ship are displayed within an outline of the main deck. A screw from South Dakota is on display outside the U.S. Navy Museum in Washington, D.C.
  8. Lt. Capodanno was a navy chaplain who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Vietnam War.
  9. Lt. Hans Grauert Memorial Field is the home rugby pitch of the Fairfield University Men's Rugby Football Club. Dr. Christopher Grauert (Class of 1968) and his mother, Leila B. Grauert, donated the rugby pitch in 2003 in honor of his brother, Lt. Hans Grauert, who was a naval aviator lost at sea during the Vietnam War.
  10. The Ensign C. Markland Kelly, Jr. Award is a college lacrosse award. It is named for Charles Markland Kelly, Jr., a Maryland Terrapins men's lacrosse goalie who died in the Battle of Midway. With World War II imminent, Kelly left school in October 1940, to become a navy pilot. In August 1941, he received his wings and was commissioned an ensign. He was assigned to duty as a fighter pilot with Fighter Squadron 8 (VF-8) on board USS Hornet. Flying a Grumman F4F Wildcat on an escort mission for the carrier's bombers during the Battle of Midway, he failed to return from the initial strike, and was reported missing in action on June 4, 1942.
  11. The Lt. Donald McLaughlin Jr. Award — also known as the "Don McLaughlin Award" — has been given annually since 1973 by the United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA) to the nation's most outstanding college lacrosse midfielder in NCAA Division I, Division II, and Division III. The award is named for Lt. (j.g.) Donald MacLaughlin Jr. (U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1963), an All-American, Navy lacrosse midfielder, who died on a combat mission in South Vietnam in 1966.
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