U.S. Route 10

U.S. Route 10 or U.S. Highway 10 (US 10) is an east–west United States highway located in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions of the United States. Unlike most U.S. routes with "0" as the last digit of its route number, US 10 is not a cross-country highway. US 10 was one of the original long-haul highways, running from Detroit, Michigan, to Seattle, Washington, but then lost much of its length when new Interstate Highways were built on top of its right-of-way. In 2010, its length was 565 miles (909 km).

U.S. Route 10
US 10 highlighted in red
Route information
Length565 mi[1] (909 km)
ExistedNovember 11, 1926[2]–present
Major junctions
West end I-94 / US 52 at West Fargo, ND
 

I-35W in Mounds View, MN

I-35E / I-94 / US 12 / US 52 / US 61 in St. Paul, MN

East end I-75 / US 23 in Bay City, MI
Location
StatesNorth Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan
Highway system

US 10 used to be broken into two segments by Lake Michigan. In 2015, the ferry SS Badger between Ludington, Michigan, and Manitowoc, Wisconsin, was officially designated as part of the highway.[3] The ferry operates only between May and October.[4]

The eastern terminus of US 10 is in Bay City, Michigan, at its interchange with Interstate 75 (I-75) (near US 10's milepost 139 and I-75's milepost 162). The western terminus of US 10 is in the city of West Fargo, North Dakota, at its interchange with I-94.[5]

Route description

North Dakota

In the state of North Dakota, US 10 runs for about eight miles (13 km), from I-94/US 52 at Exit 343 to the Red River of the North. It is one of the primary east–west streets in West Fargo and Fargo, and is called Main Avenue for its entire length in North Dakota. At the Red River, US 10 crosses over a bridge to Moorhead, Minnesota.

Minnesota
Main article: U.S. Route 10 in Minnesota

US 10 is a major divided highway for almost all of its length in Minnesota. The road enters Minnesota in Moorhead and travels through Detroit Lakes, Wadena, Staples, Little Falls, St. Cloud, Elk River. It becomes a freeway in Anoka and passes through the northern suburbs of Minneapolis and St. Paul, It enters St. Paul paired with I-35E and exits St. Paul paired with US 61. It leaves US 61 just north of Hastings, shortly before entering into Wisconsin.

Wisconsin
Main article: U.S. Route 10 in Wisconsin

US 10 enters Wisconsin at Prescott and travels southeastward passing Neillsville, Marshfield, Stevens Point, and Appleton before reaching its eastern terminus near the Lake Michigan shore in Manitowoc. Ferry service between the western and eastern portions of US 10 is provided between May and October by the ferry S.S. Badger.[4] US 10 is now a 4 lane divided highway from State Trunk Highway 80 (STH 80) 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Marshfield to I-39. This allows travelers to bypass Auburndale, Blenker, Milladore, Junction City, and downtown Stevens Point. This completes the plan to upgrade US 10 to a freeway or expressway status from Marshfield to Menasha. US 10 is an expressway between Stevens Point and Waupaca. It has been upgraded to a freeway in the Waupaca area and is also a freeway between Fremont and Appleton.

Michigan
Main article: U.S. Route 10 in Michigan

The western terminus of US 10 in Michigan is Ludington. US 10 runs concurrently with US 31 from the east side of Ludington to Scottville before US 31 turns northward. The road then heads easterly through Baldwin and Reed City before it becomes a freeway west of US 127 near the junction with highway M-115. US 127 and US 10 overlap for a short distance near Clare. US 10 bypasses Midland and terminates at I-75 in Bay City.[6]

US 10 has had alternate routes designated in the past, but none are active as of 2017. A multi-state alternate route between Washington and Montana was largely replaced in 1947 by the western extension of U.S. Route 2 and later decommissioned entirely in 1967.[7][8]

Between 1926 and 1934, there was a pair of suffixed routes between St. Cloud, Minnesota, and Moorhead, Minnesota. US 10N, the northern half of the pairing, connected St. Cloud, Little Falls, Motley, and Detroit Lakes before reaching Moorhead. US 10S ran from St. Cloud through Alexandria and Fergus Falls before rejoining US 10N at Moorhead. In the mid-1930s, US 52 was extended into Minnesota, and US 10S was renamed to US 52 (now I-94). US 10N was renamed to US 10.[9]

History

Originally, US 10 also passed through Montana (including a segment of what is now Montana Highway 2), the Idaho Panhandle, and Washington, terminating in Seattle. The completion of I-90 and I-94 replaced US 10 along this route, although some sections of the old US 10 road still exist in such cities as Bismarck, Missoula, Spokane, and between Cle Elum and Ellensburg as State Route 10 (SR 10). The last section of Interstate 90 to be completed was between Coeur d'Alene and Wallace in the early 1990s. Much of this route was co-numbered as both I-90 and US 10 until the final completion of I-90 through Idaho. Some decommissioned sections of US 10 are designated Interstate 90 Business or Interstate 94 Business routes. At least two US 10 Alternate routes were used, including one from Spokane to Missoula from 1941 to 1967 via Sandpoint, Idaho (represented today by US 2, Idaho State Highway 200, Montana Highway 200 and US 93), and the Pintler Scenic Route through Philipsburg, Montana, and Anaconda, Montana, renamed Montana Highway 1 when Montana's US 10 was decommissioned in 1986.

At the eastern end, US 10 originally went south from Midland to Saginaw, Michigan, on what is now highway M-47. It then joined up with US 23 in Saginaw, and continued south until it split from US 23 near Flint. It then continued southeast as the Dixie Highway to Pontiac, where it followed Woodward Avenue, now designated M-1. From there, US 10 continued on an almost straight line to downtown Detroit, where it intersected US 16, US 25, and US 12. It then took a two-block jog, then ended at the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel to Canada.[5]

In the 1970s, US 10 was rerouted off Woodward Avenue in the Detroit area and onto the John C. Lodge Freeway (formerly Business Spur 696, now M-10) and Telegraph Road. US 10 was truncated to Bay City, Michigan, in 1986 at which point the Lodge Freeway was changed to M-10.

In 1925, US 10 was originally proposed to run from Detroit through Chicago, and northwesterly into Wisconsin on what later became US 12.

In 2015, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials officially designated the SS Badger car ferry as part of the highway's official route, joining US 9 as the only two routes with a ferry connection.[3]

Major intersections
North Dakota
I-94 / US 52 in West Fargo
I-29 / US 81 in Fargo
Minnesota
US 75 in Moorhead. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
US 59 in Detroit Lakes
US 71 in Wadena
US 169 in Elk River. The highways travel concurrently to Anoka.
I-35W on the Mounds View–Shoreview city line. The highways travel concurrently to the Mounds View–Arden Hills city line.
I-694 in Arden Hills. The highways travel concurrently to Little Canada.
I-35E / I-694 in Little Canada. I-35E/US 10 travel concurrently to Saint Paul.
I-35E / I-94 / US 52 / US 12 in Saint Paul. I-94/US 10 travel concurrently through the city.
US 61 in Saint Paul. The highways travel concurrently to Denmark Township.
I-494 in Newport
Wisconsin
US 63 west of Ellsworth. The highways travel concurrently to east of Ellsworth.
US 53 west of Osseo. The highways travel concurrently to Osseo.
I-94 in Osseo
US 12 south of Fairchild. The highways travel concurrently to east-southeast of Fairchild.
I-39 / US 51 north-northwest of Stevens Point. The highways travel concurrently to Stevens Point.
US 45 east-southeast of Fremont. The highways travel concurrently for approximately 2.57 miles (4.14 km).
I-41 / US 41 north of Neenah
I-43 northwest of Manitowoc. The highways travel concurrently to west of Manitowoc.
US 151 in Manitowoc
SS Badger in Manitowoc. US 10 utilizes the ship as a car ferry across Lake Michigan to Ludington, Michigan.
Michigan
SS Badger in Ludington.
US 31 in Amber Township. The highways travel concurrently through the township.
US 131 in Richmond Township
US 127 in Grant Township. The highways travel concurrently to Clare.
I-75 / US 23 in Monitor Township

See also

References
  1. "U.S. Route Number Database" (December 2009 ed.). American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  2. Bureau of Public Roads & American Association of State Highway Officials (November 11, 1926). United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved November 7, 2013 – via University of North Texas Libraries.
  3. Werly, Roxanne (July 7, 2015). "SS Badger Bridges the Gap Between State Highway System". Up North Live. Traverse City, MI: WPBN-TV. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
  4. Lake Michigan Carferry. "SS Badger History". Lake Michigan Carferry. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
  5. Mapguy (September 6, 2006). "End of U.S. Highway 10". Endpoints of US highways. Retrieved December 20, 2006.
  6. Bessert, Christopher J. (March 13, 2016). "US 10". Michigan Highways. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
  7. Weingroff, Richard (June 27, 2017). "U.S. 2: Houlton, Maine, to Everett, Washington". Highway History. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
  8. Idaho Department of Highways; Rand McNally & Co. (1967). Official Highway Map of Idaho (Map). c. 1:1,425,600. Boise: Idaho Department of Highways. Retrieved September 6, 2020 – via Flickr.
  9. Riner, Steve. "The Unofficial Minnesota Highways Page: Details of Routes 1-25". Retrieved April 5, 2006.

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