Type 4 20 cm rocket launcher

The Type 4 20 cm rocket mortar (四式二十糎噴進砲, Yonshiki nijyū-senchi funshinhō) was a 203 mm rocket mortar used by the Imperial Japanese Army in the final stages of World War II.

Type 4 20 cm rocket launcher
Type 4 20 cm rocket mortar. The baseplate is incorrectly positioned, extending backwards. It should face forward in order not to get damaged during firing.
TypeRocket artillery
Place of origin Empire of Japan
Service history
In service1943–1945
Used byImperial Japanese Army
WarsWorld War II
Specifications
Mass227.6 kg (502 lb)
Barrel length1.923 m (6 ft 4 in)[1]
ShellTotal: 83.7 kg (185 lb)
Explosive: 15.6 kg (34.4 lb)
Propellant 8.4 kg (18.6 lb)
Caliber203 mm (8 in)[1]
Elevation40° to +65°
Traverse300°
Muzzle velocity175 m/s (570 ft/s)
Maximum firing range2,400 m (2,600 yd)[1]

Development and design

During World War II there was considerable infighting between the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy as both competed for scarce resources. A consequence of this competition is that each produced similar but different weapons. An example of this competition was the Army Type 4 20 cm rocket launcher and the 20 cm Naval Rocket Launcher.[1]

The Type 4 rocket mortar was developed in the final stages of World War II by the Japanese Army Technical Bureau, as a low-cost, easy to produce weapon, which had an advantage of greater accuracy over conventional mortars. The Type 4 rocket used a double base solid-propellant whose exhaust gasses were forced through six venturis drilled in the base of the rocket which spin-stabilized the projectile. The rocket used trinitroanisole explosives and was nose fuzed.[1]

The first units were deployed in 1943, and were used successfully in combat during the Battle of Iwo Jima and Battle of Okinawa. Due to its ease of construction and portability, the Type 4 was produced in large numbers and distributed to hidden arsenals for use as last-ditch weapons during the projected Allied invasion of the Japanese home islands.[1]

Although the weapon came with a standard mortar tube with tripod mounting, if necessary, the rocket-propelled round could be launched from an ordinary pipe or culvert with sufficient diameter, wooden rails, or even directly from a slope in the ground.[2]

  • A schematic of rocket components.
  • A Type 4 rocket launcher in the Yasukuni Shrine.
  • A Type 4 launcher opened for loading.
  • A Type 4 rocket on a launch ramp.

References
  • Bishop, Chris (eds) The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Barnes & Nobel. 1998. ISBN 0-7607-1022-8
  • Chamberlain, Peter and Gander, Terry. Heavy Field Artillery. Macdonald and Jane's (1975). ISBN 0-356-08215-6
  • Chant, Chris. Artillery of World War II, Zenith Press, 2001, ISBN 0-7603-1172-2
  • McLean, Donald B. Japanese Artillery; Weapons and Tactics. Wickenburg, Ariz.: Normount Technical Publications 1973. ISBN 0-87947-157-3.
  • US Department of War, TM 30-480, Handbook on Japanese Military Forces, Louisiana State University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-8071-2013-8

Notes
  1. Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Mortars and rockets. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco Pub. Co. ISBN 0668038179. OCLC 2067459.
  2. Taki's Imperial Japanese Army home page
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