Turricula (gastropod)
Turricula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.[1]
Turricula | |
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Fossil shells of Turricula dimidiata | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
Order: | Neogastropoda |
Superfamily: | Conoidea |
Family: | Clavatulidae |
Genus: | Turricula Schumacher, 1817 |
Type species | |
Turricula flammea Schumacher, 1817 | |
Synonyms[1] | |
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Taxonomy
Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It remained regarded as a subfamily of Turridae by several malacologists (Kantor, Sysoev).[1] until a new publication in 2011 [2]
Fossil records
This genus is known in the fossil records from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary (age range: from 70.6 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found all over the world.[3]
Description
The turriculated shell is fusiform with a long spire. The anal sinus is situated in the infrasutural depression above the peripheral carina. The siphonal canal is long and slightly bent. The operculum has a medio-lateral nucleus. The eyes of the animal are situated at the base of the tentacles. Radula formula : 1-0-1.[4]
Distribution
The species of this marine genus occurs in the Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea and east Africa to Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia).
Species
Species within the genusTurricula include:[3][5]
- Turricula aethiopica (Thiele, 1925)
- Turricula amplisulcus (Barnard, 1958)
- † Turricula beamensis M.A. Peyrot, 1925
- † Turricula belgica (G.G. Münster, 1826)
- † Turricula beyrichi (R.A. Philippi, 1846)
- † Turricula brevicauda (Deshayes, 1834) [6]
- Turricula ceylonica (Smith E. A., 1877)
- Turricula faurei (Barnard, 1958)
- Turricula gemmulaeformis (Thiele, 1925)
- Turricula granobalteus (Hedley, 1922)
- Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Turricula navarchus (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
- Turricula nelliae (Smith E. A., 1877)
- Turricula profundorum (Smith E. A., 1896)
- Turricula sulcicancellata (Barnard, 1958)
- Turricula sumatrana (Thiele, 1925)
- Turricula thurstoni (Smith E. A., 1896)
- Turricula tornata (Dillwyn, 1817)
- Turricula turriplana (Sowerby III, 1903)
- † Turricula dimidiata Brocchi 1814[7]
- † Turricula eolavinia Olsson 1930
- † Turricula excelsa Bohm 1926
- † Turricula hanguensis Cox 1930
- † Turricula haydeni Cox 1930
- † Turricula kayalensis Dey 1961
- † Turricula promensis silistrensis Vredenburg 1921
- † Turricula promensis Vredenburg 1921
- † Turricula sethuramae Vredenburg 1921
- † Turricula spuria Hedley 1922
- † Turricula taurina Olsson 1922
- † Turricula terryi Olsson 1922
- † Turricula thangaensis Vredenburg 1921
- † Turricula wanneri (Tesch, 1915)
- Species brought into synonymy
- Turricula bijubata (Reeve, 1843): synonym of Turridrupa bijubata (Reeve, 1843)
- Turricula brunonia Dall, 1924: synonym of Veprecula brunonia (Dall, 1924)
- Turricula cadaverosa (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Vexillum cadaverosum (Reeve, 1844)
- Turricula casta H. Adams, 1872: synonym of Vexillum castum (H. Adams, 1872)
- Turricula ensyuensis Shikama, 1977: synonym of Comitas ensyuensis (Shikama, 1977)
- Turricula flammea Schumacher, 1817 : synonym of Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Turricula granobalteatus [sic] : synonym of Turricula granobalteus (Hedley, 1922)
- Turricula hondoana Dall, 1925: synonym of Aforia circinata (Dall, 1873)
- Turricula kamakurana (Pilsbry, 1895): synonym of Comitas kamakurana (Pilsbry, 1895)
- Turricula kuroharai Oyama, 1962: synonym of Comitas kuroharai (Oyama, 1962)
- Turricula lavinia Dall, 1919: synonym of Ptychobela lavinia (Dall, 1919)
- Turricula lavinoides Olsson, 1922: synonym of Fusiturricula lavinoides (Olsson, 1922)
- Turricula libya Dall, 1919: synonym of Tiariturris libya (Dall, 1919)
- Turricula limonensis Olsson, 1922: synonym of Fusiturricula lavinoides (Olsson, 1922)
- Turricula murrawolga Garrard, 1961: synonym of Comitas murrawolga (Garrard, 1961)
- Turricula rectilateralis (G.B. Sowerby II, 1874): synonym of Vexillum suluense (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
- Turricula scalaria (Barnard, 1958): synonym of Makiyamaia scalaria (Barnard, 1958)
- Turricula tornatus [sic] : synonym of Turricula tornata (Dillwyn, 1817)
- Turricula tuberculata (Gray, 1839): synonym of Turricula nelliae spuria (Hedley, 1922)
- Turricula waitaraensis Marwick, 1926 †: synonym of Thatcheria waitaraensis (Marwick, 1926) †
- Further investigation needed
- Turricula catena (species inquirenda)
References
- World Register of Marine Species: Clavatulidae. accessed 1 April 2010.
- P. Bouchet; Yu. I. Kantor; A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 77 (3): 273–308. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyr017.
- Fossilworks
- George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol. VI, p. 158; 1884 (described as the genus Surcula)
- WoRMS : Turricula; accessed : 28 August 2011
- Le Renard (J.) & Pacaud (J.-M.), 1995 Révision des Mollusques paléogènes du Bassin de Paris. 2 - Liste des références primaires des espèces. Cossmanniana, t. 3, vol. 3, p. 65-132
- Fossile
- Nomenclaturor Zoologicus info
- Li, BQ. & Li, XZ. 2008. Report on the two subfamilies Clavatulinae and Cochlespirinae (Mollusca : Neogastropoda : Turridae) from the China seas. Zootaxa 1771: 31-42
- Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.