Turricula (gastropod)

Turricula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.[1]

Turricula
Temporal range: Cretaceous - Recent
Fossil shells of Turricula dimidiata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Conoidea
Family: Clavatulidae
Genus: Turricula
Schumacher, 1817
Type species
Turricula flammea
Schumacher, 1817
Synonyms[1]
  • Pleurotoma (Surcula)
  • Surcula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • Turris (Surcula) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853

Taxonomy

Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It remained regarded as a subfamily of Turridae by several malacologists (Kantor, Sysoev).[1] until a new publication in 2011 [2]

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil records from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary (age range: from 70.6 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found all over the world.[3]

Description

The turriculated shell is fusiform with a long spire. The anal sinus is situated in the infrasutural depression above the peripheral carina. The siphonal canal is long and slightly bent. The operculum has a medio-lateral nucleus. The eyes of the animal are situated at the base of the tentacles. Radula formula : 1-0-1.[4]

Distribution

The species of this marine genus occurs in the Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea and east Africa to Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia).

Species

Fossil of the extinct species Surcula faxensis at the Geological Museum in Copenhagen
Five views of the shell of Turricula dimidiata (Brocchi, 1814) from the Pliocene of Italy

Species within the genusTurricula include:[3][5]

Species brought into synonymy
  • Turricula bijubata (Reeve, 1843): synonym of Turridrupa bijubata (Reeve, 1843)
  • Turricula brunonia Dall, 1924: synonym of Veprecula brunonia (Dall, 1924)
  • Turricula cadaverosa (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Vexillum cadaverosum (Reeve, 1844)
  • Turricula casta H. Adams, 1872: synonym of Vexillum castum (H. Adams, 1872)
  • Turricula ensyuensis Shikama, 1977: synonym of Comitas ensyuensis (Shikama, 1977)
  • Turricula flammea Schumacher, 1817 : synonym of Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Turricula granobalteatus [sic] : synonym of Turricula granobalteus (Hedley, 1922)
  • Turricula hondoana Dall, 1925: synonym of Aforia circinata (Dall, 1873)
  • Turricula kamakurana (Pilsbry, 1895): synonym of Comitas kamakurana (Pilsbry, 1895)
  • Turricula kuroharai Oyama, 1962: synonym of Comitas kuroharai (Oyama, 1962)
  • Turricula lavinia Dall, 1919: synonym of Ptychobela lavinia (Dall, 1919)
  • Turricula lavinoides Olsson, 1922: synonym of Fusiturricula lavinoides (Olsson, 1922)
  • Turricula libya Dall, 1919: synonym of Tiariturris libya (Dall, 1919)
  • Turricula limonensis Olsson, 1922: synonym of Fusiturricula lavinoides (Olsson, 1922)
  • Turricula murrawolga Garrard, 1961: synonym of Comitas murrawolga (Garrard, 1961)
  • Turricula rectilateralis (G.B. Sowerby II, 1874): synonym of Vexillum suluense (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
  • Turricula scalaria (Barnard, 1958): synonym of Makiyamaia scalaria (Barnard, 1958)
  • Turricula tornatus [sic] : synonym of Turricula tornata (Dillwyn, 1817)
  • Turricula tuberculata (Gray, 1839): synonym of Turricula nelliae spuria (Hedley, 1922)
  • Turricula waitaraensis Marwick, 1926 †: synonym of Thatcheria waitaraensis (Marwick, 1926) †
Further investigation needed

References

  1. World Register of Marine Species: Clavatulidae. accessed 1 April 2010.
  2. P. Bouchet; Yu. I. Kantor; A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 77 (3): 273–308. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyr017.
  3. Fossilworks
  4. George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol. VI, p. 158; 1884 (described as the genus Surcula)
  5. WoRMS : Turricula; accessed : 28 August 2011
  6. Le Renard (J.) & Pacaud (J.-M.), 1995 Révision des Mollusques paléogènes du Bassin de Paris. 2 - Liste des références primaires des espèces. Cossmanniana, t. 3, vol. 3, p. 65-132
  7. Fossile
  • Nomenclaturor Zoologicus info
  • Li, BQ. & Li, XZ. 2008. Report on the two subfamilies Clavatulinae and Cochlespirinae (Mollusca : Neogastropoda : Turridae) from the China seas. Zootaxa 1771: 31-42
  • Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
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