Turks in Finland
Turks in Finland or Finnish Turks (Turkish: Finlandiya Türkleri; Finnish: Suomen turkkilaiset) are the ethnic Turkish people living in Finland, including Finnish-born persons who have Turkish parents or a Turkish ancestral background. The majority of Finnish Turks descend from the Republic of Turkey; however there has also been significant Turkish migration from other post-Ottoman countries including ethnic Turkish communities which have come to Finland from the Balkans (e.g. Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Romania), the island of Cyprus, and more recently Iraq and Syria.
Total population | |
---|---|
est. 10,000 (2010 academic estimate)[1] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Helsinki, Vantaa, Kerava | |
Languages | |
Turkish and Finnish | |
Religion | |
Sunni Islam[2] · Alevism · irreligious · other religions | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Turks in Norway |
History
Turkish migration to Finland is a relatively new phenomenon in the country; the majority have predominantly arrived since the late 1980s and are made up of largely male immigrants.[3] Thus, many Turkish adolescents have a Finnish mother.[4] Between 1987 and 2012 there have been 8,904 Turkish citizens who have migrated to Finland.[5] In 2019, Turkish asylum seekers are the second largest group after Iraqis. From January to August, 283 Turkish citizens have sought asylum, while for the whole of 2018 it was 293. Their number by the end of the year is projected to be 45% more than the last year. According to Finnish Immigration Service, many Turks are seeking asylum due to the Gülen movement.[6]
Number of Turkish immigrants entering Finland by year[5] | |||||||
Year | Number | Year | Number | Year | Number | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1987 | 25 | 2000 | 316 | 2013 | 603 | ||
1988 | 50 | 2001 | 341 | 2014 | 510 | ||
1989 | 83 | 2002 | 514 | 2015 | 427 | ||
1990 | 417 | 2003 | 354 | 2016 | 764 | ||
1991 | 394 | 2004 | 401 | 2017 | 925 | ||
1992 | 455 | 2005 | 504 | 2018 | 951 | ||
1993 | 238 | 2006 | 515 | ||||
1994 | 364 | 2007 | 446 | ||||
1995 | 167 | 2008 | 570 | ||||
1996 | 235 | 2009 | 528 | ||||
1997 | 375 | 2010 | 306 | ||||
1998 | 196 | 2011 | 370 | ||||
1999 | 297 | 2012 | 443 |
Demographics
According to Statistics Finland, the majority of Turks live in the Uusimaa region with smaller communities in Pirkanmaa, Varsinais-Suomi, North Ostrobothnia, and Kymenlaakso.[7]
8,127 speak Turkish, making Turkish the 14th most spoken language in Finland. There are 4,794 Turkish citizens, while 7,472 are born in Turkey. There are 7,221 first generation Turkish immigrants in Finland and 2,135 second generation immigrants for a total of 9,356.
№ | Municipality | Turks | % |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Helsinki | 2,300 | 0.35 |
2. | Vantaa | 1,119 | 0.49 |
3. | Espoo | 726 | 0.26 |
4. | Tampere | 456 | 0.19 |
5. | Turku | 291 | 0.15 |
6. | Kerava | 237 | 0.65 |
7. | Oulu | 222 | 0.11 |
8. | Lahti | 212 | 0.18 |
9. | Jyväskylä | 201 | 0.14 |
10. | Lappeenranta | 174 | 0.25 |
Society
65.5% of them are male while 34.5% are female. 22.2% are less than 14 years old, 76.7% are between 15 and 64 years old and only 1.1% are over the age 65.
The majority of Turkish immigrants are self-employed and are predominantly active in the restaurant and fast food sector.[8]
Organizations
- Suomen turkkilainen seura[9]
Notable people
- Mehmet Gürs, chef
- Ibrahim Köse, football player
- Kaan Kairinen, football player
- Melek Mazici, visual artist
- Anton Odabasi, basketball player
- Masar Ömer, football player
- Hasan Fuat Sari, sculptor
- Teuvo Tulio, film director
- Ozan Yanar, former member of the Finnish Parliament
See also
References
- Kütük, Zeki (2010), Finlandiya’da Yabancı Düşmanlığı, Sosyal Dışlanma ve Türk Diasporası, Türk Asya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, retrieved 8 November 2020,
Toplam sayılarının 10 000 civarında olduğu tahmin edilen Türklerin...
- https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/18274/FI
- Östen 2007, 548.
- Phinney et al. 2006, 225.
- Statistics Finland. "Immigration and emigration by country of exit and entry and by age and gender 1987 - 2012". Retrieved 2011-06-25.
- https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/fbe09b96-6311-467d-8513-620d17add22e
- Statistics Finland. "Country of birth according to age and gender by region 1990-2012". Retrieved 2011-06-25.
- Östen 2008, 53.
- https://finto.fi/cn/fi/page/27427A
Bibliography
- Östen, Wahlbeck (2007), "Work in the kebab economy - A study of the ethnic economy of Turkish immigrants in Finland", Ethnicities, 7 (4): 543–563, doi:10.1177/1468796807084016
- Östen, Wahlbeck (2008), "Entrepreneurship as Social Status: Turkish Immigrants' Experiences of Self-Employment in Finland" (PDF), Migration Letters, 5 (1): 53–62, doi:10.33182/ml.v5i1.58, archived from the original on September 5, 2008CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
- Phinney, Jean S.; Berry, John W.; Sam, David L.; Vedder, Paul (2006), "Understanding Immigrant Youth: Conclusions and Implications", in Berry, John W. (ed.), Immigrant Youth in Cultural Transition: Acculturation, Identity, and Adaptation Across National Contexts, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-8058-5156-4.