Transformer (Lou Reed album)

Transformer is the second solo studio album by American recording artist Lou Reed. The album is considered an influential landmark of the glam rock genre, anchored by Reed's most successful single, "Walk on the Wild Side", which touched on then-controversial topics of sexual orientation, gender identity, prostitution, and drug use. Produced by David Bowie and Mick Ronson, the album was released in November 1972 by RCA Records. Though Reed's self-titled debut solo album had been unsuccessful, Bowie had been an early fan of Reed's former band The Velvet Underground, and used his own fame to promote Reed, who had not yet achieved mainstream success.[1][2]

Transformer
Studio album by
Lou Reed
ReleasedNovember 8, 1972 (1972-11-08)
RecordedAugust 1972
StudioTrident, London
GenreGlam rock
Length36:40
LabelRCA
Producer
Lou Reed chronology
Lou Reed
(1972)		 Transformer
(1972)		 Berlin
(1973)
Singles from Transformer
  1. "Walk on the Wild Side/Perfect Day"
    Released: November 24, 1972
  2. "Satellite of Love / Vicious"
    Released: March 2, 1973
  3. "Vicious / Goodnight Ladies"
    Released: July 1973 (US)

Background

As with its predecessor Lou Reed, Transformer contains songs Reed composed while in the Velvet Underground (here, four out of eleven). "Andy's Chest" was first recorded by the band in 1969 and "Satellite of Love" demoed in 1970; these versions were released on VU and Peel Slowly and See, respectively. For Transformer, the original up-tempo pace of these songs was slowed down.

"New York Telephone Conversation" and "Goodnight Ladies"[3] are known to have been played live during the band's summer 1970 residency at Max's Kansas City; the latter takes its title refrain from the last line of the second section ("A Game of Chess") of T. S. Eliot's modernist poem, The Waste Land: "Good night, ladies, good night, sweet ladies, good night, good night.", which is itself a quote from Ophelia in Hamlet.

As in Reed's Velvet Underground days, the connection to artist Andy Warhol remained strong. According to Reed, Warhol told him he should write a song about someone vicious. When Reed asked what he meant by vicious, Warhol replied, "Oh, you know, like I hit you with a flower",[4] resulting in the song "Vicious".

Production

Transformer was produced by David Bowie and Mick Ronson, both of whom had been strongly influenced by Reed's work with the Velvet Underground. Bowie had obliquely referenced the Velvet Underground in the cover notes for his album Hunky Dory and regularly performed both "White Light/White Heat" and "I'm Waiting for the Man" in concerts and on the BBC during 1971–1973. He even began recording "White Light/White Heat" for inclusion on Pin Ups, but it was never completed; Ronson ended up using the backing track for his solo album Play Don't Worry in 1974.

Mick Ronson (who was at the time the lead guitarist with Bowie's band, the Spiders from Mars) played a major role in the recording of the album at Trident Studios, serving as the co-producer and primary session musician (contributing guitar, piano, recorder and backing vocals), as well as arranger, notably contributing the string arrangement for "Perfect Day". Reed lauded Ronson's contribution in the Transformer episode of the documentary series Classic Albums, praising the beauty of his work and keeping down the vocal to highlight the strings. The songs on the album are now among Reed's best-known works, including "Walk on the Wild Side", "Perfect Day" and "Satellite of Love", and the album's commercial success elevated him from cult status to become an international star.

Artwork

The cover art was from a Mick Rock photograph that inadvertently became over-exposed as he was printing it in the darkroom. Rock noticed the flaw but decided he liked the fortuitous effect enough to submit the image for the album cover.[5] Karl Stoecker (who also shot the first three Roxy Music album covers) took the back cover photo of a woman and a man. The man is portrayed by Ernie Thormahlen (a friend of Reed) and appears to have a noticeable erection,[6] although Reed has said this was actually a banana which Thormahlen had stuffed down his jeans before the photo shoot.

Release

The first single from the album, "Walk on the Wild Side", became an international success, despite its controversial subject matter. The song's lyrics mention transgender issues, sex acts, and drugs, causing it to be edited in some countries and banned in others.[2] It is now generally regarded by fans and critics as Reed's signature tune. "Satellite of Love" was issued as the second single in February 1973. In 2002, a 30th anniversary edition of the album was released; in addition to demos of "Hangin' Round" and "Perfect Day", it includes a hidden track featuring an advert for the album. Following Reed's death in October 2013, digital sales of Transformer, "Walk on the Wild Side", and "Perfect Day" all rose more than 300%, and "Walk on the Wild Side" cracked the new Billboard Rock Digital Songs chart at No. 38.[7]

Critical reception
Retrospective professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[8]
Blender[9]
Chicago Tribune[10]
Christgau's Record GuideB−[11]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[12]
Pitchfork8.4/10[1]
Rolling Stone[13]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[14]
Spin[15]
Spin Alternative Record Guide8/10[16]

In a mixed review for Rolling Stone, Nick Tosches highlighted four "quality" songs, including "Hangin' 'Round" and "Satellite of Love", which he felt express a stimulating sexuality, but dismissed most of the album as "artsyfartsy kind of homo stuff" that lacks assertiveness.[17] In a retrospective review for The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004), Tom Hull remarked that Reed "wrote a bunch of clever new songs and tried to cash in on producer David Bowie's trendily androgynous glam rock, which worked well enough to break 'Walk on the Wild Side.'"[14]

In 1997, Transformer was named the 44th greatest album of all time in a "Music of the Millennium" poll conducted in the United Kingdom by HMV, Channel 4, The Guardian and Classic FM.[18] In 2000, it was voted number 58 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.[19] Transformer is also ranked at number 55 on NME's list of "Greatest Albums of All Time". In 2003, the album was ranked at number 194 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time,[20] maintaining the rating in a 2012 revised list.[21] It is also on Q magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Albums Ever".

In 2018, 33⅓ published a book by musician Ezra Furman about Transformer.[22]

Track listing

All tracks written by Lou Reed.

Side one
  1. "Vicious" – 2:55
  2. "Andy's Chest" – 3:17
  3. "Perfect Day" – 3:43
  4. "Hangin' 'Round" – 3:39
  5. "Walk on the Wild Side" – 4:12
Side two
  1. "Make Up" – 2:58
  2. "Satellite of Love" – 3:40
  3. "Wagon Wheel" – 3:19
  4. "New York Telephone Conversation" – 1:31
  5. "I'm So Free" – 3:07
  6. "Goodnight Ladies" – 4:19
30th anniversary edition bonus tracks
  1. "Hangin' 'Round" (acoustic demo) – 3:58
  2. "Perfect Day" (acoustic demo – includes a hidden track featuring an advert for the album) – 4:50

Personnel

Adapted from the Transformer liner notes.[23]

Additional personnel

Production

  • David Bowie – producer
  • Mick Ronson – producer
  • Ken Scott – engineer

Chart performance

Weekly charts
Chart Peak
Position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[24] 12
Billboard 200 29
UK Albums Chart 13

Sales and certifications
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[25] Gold 20,000^
France (SNEP)[26] Gold 100,000*
Italy (FIMI)[27] Gold 25,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[28] Platinum 424,666[29]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

References
  1. Stephens, Matthew (March 11, 2003). "Lou Reed: Transformer". Pitchfork. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  2. Trebay, Guy (2013-11-01). "The Real-Life Stories Told in 'Walk on the Wild Side'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-04-29.
  3. "The Velvet Underground - Live performances and rehearsals - 1970". Olivier.landemaine.free.fr. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
  4. Fitch, Andy (2012). Pop Poetics. ISBN 978-1-56478-766-8.
  5. Pryor, Fiona (2007-05-10). "Entertainment | Photographer lives the Rock dream". BBC News. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
  6. Nick Tosches (1973-01-04). "Transformer | Album Reviews". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
  7. "Lou Reed's Album Sales Rise 607% Following Death | Billboard". billboard.com. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
  8. Deming, Mark. "Transformer – Lou Reed". AllMusic. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  9. Young, Jon. "Lou Reed: Transformer". Blender. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
  10. Kot, Greg (January 12, 1992). "Lou Reed's Recordings: 25 Years Of Path-Breaking Music". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  11. Christgau, Robert (1981). "Lou Reed: Transformer". Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies. Ticknor and Fields. ISBN 0-89919-026-X. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  12. Larkin, Colin (2011). "Reed, Lou". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-85712-595-8.
  13. Sheffield, Rob (March 28, 2002). "Lou Reed: Transformer". Rolling Stone. No. 892. p. 72.
  14. Hull, Tom (2004). "Lou Reed". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 684–85. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
  15. Marchese, David (November 2009). "Discography: Lou Reed". Spin. Vol. 24 no. 11. p. 67. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  16. Strauss, Neil (1995). "Lou Reed". In Weisbard, Eric; Marks, Craig (eds.). Spin Alternative Record Guide. Vintage Books. pp. 325–27. ISBN 0-679-75574-8.
  17. Tosches, Nick (January 4, 1973). "Transformer". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  18. "The music of the millennium". BBC News. January 24, 1998. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  19. Larkin, Colin (2000). All Time Top 1000 Albums (3rd ed.). Virgin Books. p. 61. ISBN 0-7535-0493-6.
  20. "500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Transformer – Lou Reed". Rolling Stone. November 18, 2003. Archived from the original on December 20, 2010. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  21. "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. May 31, 2012. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
  22. Korber, Kevin (2019-07-14), 33 1/3: Transformer: By Ezra Furman, Spectrum Culture, retrieved 2020-04-14
  23. Transformer (CD booklet). Lou Reed. RCA Records. 1972.CS1 maint: others (link)
  24. Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. p. 249. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  25. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-12-07. Retrieved 2014-11-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  26. "Les Certifications (Albums) du SNEP (Bilan par Artiste)"
  27. "Italian album certifications – Lou Reed – Transformer" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Select "2016" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Select "Transformer" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Album e Compilation" under "Sezione".
  28. "British album certifications – Lou Reed – Transformer". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 25 May 2013. Select albums in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Type Transformer in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
  29. Jones, Alan (November 4, 2013). "Official Charts Analysis: Arcade Fire LP sells 45k to hit No.1". Music Week. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
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