Tit-like dacnis

The tit-like dacnis (Xenodacnis parina) is a small neotropical passerine bird found in southern Ecuador and Peru. In Spanish, it is known as Azulito Altoandino. It is found in Andean montane scrub forests from 3000 m to 4600 m elevation.

Tit-like dacnis
Adult Male, Cajas National Park, Ecuador
Female - El Cajas Nat'l Park - Ecuador
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Thraupidae
Genus: Xenodacnis
Cabanis, 1873
Species:
X. parina
Binomial name
Xenodacnis parina
Cabanis, 1873

Adults reach 12.5 cm in length. Males are solid deep blue with dark eyes, bill, and feet. Females of all subspecies are duller, with rufous-brown underparts.

Taxonomy

The tit-like dacnis was formally described in 1873 by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis from a specimen collected in the Andes of central Peru. Cabanis introduced the genus Xenodacnis and coined the binomial name Xenodacnis parina.[2][3] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek xenos meaning "different" or "unusual" with the genus name Dacnis. The specific epithet parina is from Modern Latin and means "tit like".[4] The tit-like dacnis is sister to a clade containing the four species now placed in the genus Idiopsar.[5][6]

Three subspecies are recognised:[6]

  • X. p. bella Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939 – southwest Ecuador and north Peru
  • X. p. petersi Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939 – central Peru
  • X. p. parina Cabanis, 1873 – south Peru

References
  1. BirdLife International (2012). "Xenodacnis parina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. Cabanis, Jean (1873). "Xenodacnis parina n. sp". Journal für Ornithologie (in German). 21: 312, Plate 4 figs. 1, 2.
  3. Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Volume 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 397.
  4. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 292, 410. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006.
  6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 5 November 2020.

Clements, James F., and Noam Shany. A Field Guide to the Birds of Peru. Ibis Publishing, 2001.

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