Timeline of operating systems
This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the History of operating systems.
1950s
- 1951
- LEO I 'Lyons Electronic Office'[1] was the commercial development of EDSAC computing platform, supported by British firm J. Lyons and Co.
- 1953
- 1955
- MIT's Tape Director operating system made for UNIVAC 1103[3][4]
- 1955
- 1956
- GM-NAA I/O for IBM 704, based on General Motors Operating System
- 1957
- Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer project start)
- BESYS (Bell Labs), for IBM 704, later IBM 7090 and IBM 7094
- 1958
- University of Michigan Executive System (UMES), for IBM 704, 709, and 7090
- 1959
- SHARE Operating System (SOS), based on GM-NAA I/O
1960s
- 1960
- 1961
- 1962
- Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer commissioned)
- BBN Time-Sharing System
- GCOS (GE's General Comprehensive Operating System, originally GECOS, General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor)
- 1963
- 1964
- KDF9 Timesharing Director (English Electric) – an early, fully hardware secured, fully pre-emptive process switching, multi-programming operating system for KDF9 (originally announced in 1960)
- Berkeley Timesharing System (for Scientific Data Systems' SDS 940)
- Dartmouth Time Sharing System (Dartmouth College's DTSS for GE computers)
- OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) (announced)
- SCOPE (CDC 3000 series)
- PDP-6 Monitor (DEC) descendant renamed TOPS-10 in 1970
- EXEC 8 (UNIVAC)
- 1965
- THE multiprogramming system (Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven) development
- Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645) (announced)
- BOS/360 (IBM's Basic Operating System)
- TOS/360 (IBM's Tape Operating System)
- TSOS (later VMOS) (RCA)
- Pick operating system
- 1966
- OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) PCP and MFT (shipped)
- DOS/360 (IBM's Disk Operating System)
- MS/8 (Richard F. Lary's DEC PDP-8 system)
- GEORGE 1 & 2 for ICT 1900 series
- SODA for Elwro's Odra 1204
- 1967
- CP-40, predecessor to CP-67 on modified IBM System/360 Model 40
- CP-67 (IBM, also known as CP/CMS)
- Michigan Terminal System (MTS)[6] (time-sharing system for the IBM S/360-67 and successors)
- ITS (MIT's Incompatible Timesharing System for the DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10)
- ORVYL (Stanford University's time-sharing system for the IBM S/360)
- TSS/360 (IBM's Time-sharing System for the S/360-67, never officially released, canceled in 1969 and again in 1971)
- OS/360 MVT
- WAITS (SAIL, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, time-sharing system for DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10, later TOPS-10)
- 1968
- Airline Control Program (ACP) (IBM)
- THE multiprogramming system (Eindhoven University of Technology) publication
- TSS-8 (DEC for the PDP-8)
- 1969
- TENEX (Bolt, Beranek and Newman for DEC systems, later TOPS-20)
- Unics (later Unix) (AT&T, initially on DEC computers)
- RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (RC)
- Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645 and later the Honeywell 6180) (opened for paying customers in October[7])
- GEORGE 3 For ICL 1900 series
1970s
- 1970
- DOS-11 (PDP-11)
- 1971
- 1972
- Data General RDOS
- Edos
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 1 (OS/VS1)
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R1 (OS/VS2 SVS)
- Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370), sometimes known as VM/CMS
- Virtual Machine/Basic System Extensions Program Product (BSEPP or VM/SE)
- Virtual Machine/System Extensions Program Product (SEPP or VM/BSE)
- MUSIC/SP
- PRIMOS (written in FORTRAN IV, that didn't have pointers, while later versions, around version 18, written in a version of PL/I, called PL/P)
- 1973
- 1974
- DOS-11 V09-20C (Last stable release, June 1974)
- Sintran III
- MONECS
- Multi-Programming Executive (MPE) – Hewlett-Packard
- Hydra[8] – capability-based, multiprocessing OS kernel
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R2 (MVS)
- 1975
- CP/M
- BS2000 V2.0 (First released version)
- Version 6 Unix
- 1976
- Cambridge CAP computer[9] – all operating system procedures written in ALGOL 68C, with some closely associated protected procedures in BCPL
- Cray Operating System
- FLEX[10]
- TOPS-20
- Tandem Nonstop OS v1
- 1977
- 1BSD
- KERNAL
- OASIS operating system
- TRSDOS
- Virtual Memory System (VMS) V1.0 (Initial commercial release, October 25)
- 1978
- 2BSD
- Apple DOS
- HDOS
- PTDOS[11]
- TRIPOS
- UCSD p-System (First released version)
- Lisp machine (CADR)
- KVM/370[12] – security retro-fit of IBM VM/370
- KSOS[13] – secure OS design from Ford Aerospace
- MVS/System Extensions (MVS/SE)
- 1979
1980s
- 1980
- 1981
- 1982
- Commodore DOS
- LDOS (By Logical Systems, Inc. – for the Radio Shack TRS-80 Models I, II & III)
- QNX
- Sun UNIX (later SunOS) 0.7
- Ultrix
- Stratus VOS[17]
- Unix System III
- pSOS
- 1983
- 1984
- AMSDOS
- Mac OS (System 1.0)
- MSX-DOS
- PC/IX
- Sinclair QDOS
- QNX
- UNICOS
- Venix 2.0
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture Migration Assistance (VM/XA MA)
- 1985
- Windows 1.0
- AmigaOS
- Atari TOS
- DG/UX
- DOS Plus
- MIPS RISC/os
- Oberon – written in Oberon
- SunOS 2.0
- Version 8 Unix
- Windows 1.01
- Xenix 2.0
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Facility (VM/XA SF)
- Graphics Environment Manager
- 1986
- 1987
- Topaz[22] – semi-distributed OS for DEC Firefly workstation written in Modula-2+ and garbage collected
- Arthur (much improved version came in 1989 under the name RISC OS)
- IRIX (3.0 is first SGI version)
- MINIX 1.0
- BS2000 V9.0
- OS/2 (1.0)
- PC-MOS/386
- Windows 2.0
- 1988
- A/UX (Apple Computer)
- RISC iX
- KeyKOS – capability-based microkernel for IBM mainframes with automated persistence of app data
- LynxOS
- CP/M rebranded as DR-DOS
- Mac OS (System 6)
- MVS/Enterprise Systems Architecture (MVS/ESA)
- OS/2 (1.1)
- OS/400
- SpartaDOS X
- SunOS 4.0
- TOPS-10 7.04 (Last stable release, July 1988)
- HeliOS 1.0
- VAX VMM[23] – TCSEC A1-class, VMM for VAX computers (limited use before cancellation)
- Flex machine – tagged, capability machine with OS and other software written in ALGOL 68RS
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product (VM/XA SP)
- 1989
- EPOC
- NeXTSTEP (1.0)
- OS/2 (1.2)
- RISC OS (First release was to be called Arthur 2, but was renamed to RISC OS 2, and was first sold as RISC OS 2.00 in April 1989)
- SCO UNIX (Release 3)
- TSX-32
- Version 10 Unix
- Xenix 2.3.4 (Last stable release)
- ASOS[24] – TCSEC A1-class secure, real-time OS for Ada applications
1990s
- 1990
- AmigaOS 2.0
- BeOS (v1)
- DOS/V
- Genera 8.0
- OS/2 1.3
- OSF/1
- AIX 3.0
- Novell NetWare 3
- Windows 3.0
- LOCK[25] – TCSEC A1-class secure system with kernel & hardware support for type enforcement
- Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VM/XA ESA)
- PC/GEOS
- 1991
- 1992
- 386BSD 0.1
- BSD/386, by BSDi and later known as BSD/OS.
- AmigaOS 3.0
- Amiga Unix 2.01 (Latest stable release)
- RSTS/E 10.1 (Last stable release, September 1992)
- SLS
- Solaris 2.0 (Successor to SunOS 4.x; based on SVR4 instead of BSD)
- OpenVMS V1.0 (First OpenVMS AXP (Alpha) specific version, November 1992)
- OS/2 2.0 (First i386 32-bit based version)
- Plan 9 First Edition (First public release was made available to universities)
- Windows 3.1
- LGX
- 1993
- FreeBSD
- NetBSD
- Newton OS
- Windows NT 3.1 (First Windows NT kernel public release)
- Open Genera 1.0
- IBM 4690 Operating System
- Novell NetWare 4
- OS/2 2.1
- Slackware 1.0
- Spring
- 1994
- 1995
- Digital UNIX (aka Tru64 UNIX)
- OpenBSD
- OS/390
- Plan 9 Second Edition (Commercial second release version was made available to the general public.)
- Ultrix 4.5 (Last major release)
- Windows 95
- 1996
- Mac OS 7.6 (First officially-named Mac OS)
- Windows NT 4.0
- Windows CE 1.0
- RISC OS 3.6
- AIX 4.2
- OS/2 4.0
- Palm OS
- Debian 1.1
- JN[28] – microkernel OS for embedded, Java apps
- 1997
- Inferno
- Mac OS 8
- Windows CE 2.0
- SkyOS
- MINIX 2.0
- RISC OS 3.7
- AIX 4.3
- DR-WebSpyder 1.0
- Nemesis[29]
- 1998
- Solaris 7 (first 64-bit Solaris release – names from this point drop "2.", otherwise would've been Solaris 2.7)
- Windows 98
- RT-11 5.7 (Last stable release, October 1998)
- Novell NetWare 5
- Junos
- DR-WebSpyder 2.0
- 1999
2000s
| Year–month | Windows | Apple | BSD | Linux | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000–? | z/OS | ||||
| 2000–? | z/VM | ||||
| 2000–01 | |||||
| 2000–02 | Windows 2000[31] | Solaris 8 | |||
| 2000–03 | FreeBSD 4.0 | Red Hat Linux 6.2E | AtheOS BeOS R5 | ||
| 2000–04 | Pocket PC 2000 | ||||
| 2000–05 | |||||
| 2000–06 | Windows CE 3.0 | OpenBSD 2.7 | Plan 9 Third Edition[32] | ||
| 2000–07 | Windows 2000 Service Pack 1 | ||||
| 2000–08 | Debian 2.2 | MorphOS 0.1[33] | |||
| 2000–09 | Windows Millennium Edition[34] | Mac OS X Public Beta | SUSE Linux 7.0 | ||
| 2000–10 | z/OS MorphOS 0.2 | ||||
| 2000–11 | |||||
| 2000–12 | NetBSD 1.5 OpenBSD 2.8 | AmigaOS 3.9[35] HP-UX 11i | |||
| 2001–01 | |||||
| 2001–02 | MorphOS 0.4[36] | ||||
| 2001–03 | Mac OS X Cheetah (v10.0) | ||||
| 2001–04 | |||||
| 2001–05 | Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 | AIX 5L 5.1 | |||
| 2001–06 | OpenBSD 2.9 | ||||
| 2001–07 | eComStation 1.0 | ||||
| 2001–08 | Haiku[37] | ||||
| 2001–09 | Mac OS X Puma (v10.1) | ||||
| 2001–10 | Pocket PC 2002 Windows XP[38] Windows XP 64-bit Edition 2002[39] | Novell NetWare 6.0 | |||
| 2001–11 | |||||
| 2001–12 | OpenBSD 3.0 | OS/2 4.52 | |||
| 2002–01 | Windows CE 4.x | JX microkernel for Java Sanos microkernel[40] for net appliances K42 microkernel for NUMA machines | |||
| 2002–02 | |||||
| 2002–03 | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 AS | ||||
| 2002–04 | SUSE Linux 8.0 | Plan 9 Fourth Edition[41] | |||
| 2002–05 | OpenBSD 3.1 | Solaris 9 (SPARC) | |||
| 2002–06 | |||||
| 2002–07 | Debian 3.0 | Syllable 0.4.0[42] | |||
| 2002–08 | Windows 2000 Service Pack 3 | Mac OS X Jaguar[43] (v10.2) | |||
| 2002–09 | Windows XP Service Pack 1 | NetBSD 1.6 | |||
| 2002–10 | AIX 5.2 | ||||
| 2002–11 | OpenBSD 3.2 | MorphOS 1.0 | |||
| 2002–12 | MorphOS 1.1 | ||||
| 2003–01 | FreeBSD 5.0 | Solaris 9 (x86) JNode[44] – JavaOS successor | |||
| 2003–02 | MorphOS 1.2 ReactOS 0.1.0 | ||||
| 2003–03 | Windows XP 64-bit Edition 2003[45] | MorphOS 1.3 | |||
| 2003–04 | Windows Server 2003 | eComStation 1.1 | |||
| 2003–05 | OpenBSD 3.3 | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 ES | |||
| 2003–06 | Windows 2000 Service Pack 4 Windows Mobile 2003 | OpenVMS 8.0 | |||
| 2003–07 | |||||
| 2003–08 | Novell NetWare 6.5 MorphOS 1.4 | ||||
| 2003–09 | HP-UX 11i v2 | ||||
| 2003–10 | Mac OS X Panther (v10.3) | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 SUSE Linux 9.0 | |||
| 2003–11 | OpenBSD 3.4 | Fedora Core 1 | |||
| 2003–12 | Linux 2.6.0[46] | ||||
| 2004–01 | Linux 2.6.1 | ReactOS 0.2.0 | |||
| 2004–02 | Linux 2.6.2, 2.6.3 | ||||
| 2004–03 | Linux 2.6.4 | ReactOS 0.2.1 | |||
| 2004–04 | Linux 2.6.5 | ReactOS 0.2.2 | |||
| 2004–05 | OpenBSD 3.5 | Linux 2.6.6 Fedora Core 2 | |||
| 2004–06 | ReactOS 0.2.3 | ||||
| 2004–07 | DragonFly BSD 1.0 | ||||
| 2004–08 | Windows CE 5.x Windows XP Service Pack 2 | Linux 2.6.8 | AIX 5.3 eComStation 1.2 | ||
| 2004–09 | ReactOS 0.2.4 | ||||
| 2004–10 | Linux 2.6.9 Ubuntu 4.10 | ||||
| 2004–11 | OpenBSD 3.6 | Fedora Core 3 | |||
| 2004–12 | NetBSD 2.0 | Linux 2.6.10 | |||
| 2005–01 | Solaris 10 ReactOS 0.2.5 | ||||
| 2005–02 | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 | OpenVMS 8.2 | |||
| 2005–03 | Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 Windows XP Professional x64 Edition | Linux 2.6.11 Novell Open Enterprise Server | MorphOS 1.4.4 | ||
| 2005–04 | Mac OS X Tiger (v10.4) | DragonFly BSD 1.2 | Ubuntu 5.04 | ReactOS 0.2.6 MorphOS 1.4.5 | |
| 2005–05 | Windows Mobile 5.0 | OpenBSD 3.7 | |||
| 2005–06 | Linux 2.6.12 Fedora Core 4 Debian 3.1 | ||||
| 2005–07 | |||||
| 2005–08 | Linux 2.6.13 | ReactOS 0.2.7 MorphOS 1.4.5 Classic | |||
| 2005–09 | |||||
| 2005–10 | Linux 2.6.14 Ubuntu 5.10 SUSE Linux 10.0 | ReactOS 0.2.8 | |||
| 2005–11 | FreeBSD 6.0 OpenBSD 3.8 | ||||
| 2005–12 | NetBSD 3.0 | ReactOS 0.2.9 | |||
| 2006–01 | DragonFly BSD 1.4 | Linux 2.6.15 | Solaris 10 1/06 | ||
| 2006–02 | |||||
| 2006–03 | Windows Server 2003 R2 | Linux 2.6.16 Fedora Core 5 | |||
| 2006–04 | |||||
| 2006–05 | OpenBSD 3.9 | SymbOS MINIX 3.1.2 | |||
| 2006–06 | Linux 2.6.17 Ubuntu 6.06 (LTS) | Solaris 10 6/06 | |||
| 2006–07 | DragonFly BSD 1.6 | ||||
| 2006–08 | BS2000/OSD v7.0[47] ReactOS 0.3.0 | ||||
| 2006–09 | Windows CE 6.0 | Linux 2.6.18 | FreeDOS 1.0 OpenVMS 8.3 | ||
| 2006–10 | Fedora Core 6 Ubuntu 6.10 Slackware 11.0 | ||||
| 2006–11 | Windows Vista | OpenBSD 4.0 | Linux 2.6.19 | AmigaOS 4.0 Solaris 10 11/06 | |
| 2006–12 | |||||
| 2007–01 | DragonFly BSD 1.8 | Bharat Operating System Solutions | |||
| 2007–02 | Windows Mobile 6.0 | Linux 2.6.20 | Inferno Fourth Edition | ||
| 2007–03 | Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2 | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 | ReactOS 0.3.1 | ||
| 2007–04 | Linux 2.6.21 Ubuntu 7.04 Debian 4.0 | ||||
| 2007–05 | iPhone OS 1 | OpenBSD 4.1 | Fedora 7 | ||
| 2007–06 | |||||
| 2007–07 | Linux 2.6.22 Slackware 12.0 | ||||
| 2007–08 | DragonFly BSD 1.10 | Solaris 10 8/07 | |||
| 2007–09 | iPhone OS 1.1 | HP-UX 11i v3 ReactOS 0.3.3 | |||
| 2007–10 | Mac OS X Leopard (v10.5) | Linux 2.6.23 Ubuntu 7.10 | OpenVMS 8.3-1H1 | ||
| 2007–11 | Windows Home Server | OpenBSD 4.2 | Fedora 8 gOS | AIX 6.1, | |
| 2007–12 | NetBSD 4.0 | ||||
| 2008–01 | Linux 2.6.24 | ReactOS 0.3.4 | |||
| 2008–02 | Windows Vista Service Pack 1 Windows Server 2008 | DragonFly BSD 1.12 FreeBSD 7.0 | |||
| 2008–03 | Singularity 1.1 | ||||
| 2008–04 | Windows Mobile 6.1 Windows XP Service Pack 3 | Linux 2.6.25 Ubuntu 8.04 (LTS) | |||
| 2008–05 | OpenBSD 4.3 | Fedora 9 Slackware 12.1 | Solaris 10 5/08 OpenSolaris 2008.05 BS2000/OSD v8.0A | ||
| 2008–06 | SUSE Linux 11.0 | MorphOS 2.0 ReactOS 0.3.5 | |||
| 2008–07 | iPhone OS 2 | DragonFly BSD 2.0 | Linux 2.6.26 | ||
| 2008–08 | STOP 6.5 ReactOS 0.3.6 | ||||
| 2008–09 | iPhone OS 2.1 | AmigaOS 4.1 z/OS V1R10 MorphOS 2.1 | |||
| 2008–10 | Linux 2.6.27 Ubuntu 8.10 Android 1.0 | Solaris 10 10/08 OKL4 3.0 | |||
| 2008–11 | iPhone OS 2.2 | OpenBSD 4.4 | Fedora 10 | Singularity 2.0 ReactOS 0.3.7 Genode 8.11[48] | |
| 2008–12 | Linux 2.6.28 Slackware 12.2 | MorphOS 2.2 OpenSolaris 2008.11 | |||
| 2009–01 | |||||
| 2009–02 | DragonFly BSD 2.2 | Debian 5.0 Android 1.1 | ReactOS 0.3.8 | ||
| 2009–03 | Linux 2.6.29 | ||||
| 2009–04 | NetBSD 5.0 | Ubuntu 9.04 Android 1.5 | ReactOS 0.3.9 | ||
| 2009–05 | Windows Mobile 6.5 Windows Vista Service Pack 2 | OpenBSD 4.5 | Solaris 10 5/09 | ||
| 2009–06 | iPhone OS 3 | Linux 2.6.30 Fedora 11 Palm webOS 1 | AmigaOS 4.1 OpenSolaris 2009.06 | ||
| 2009–07 | ReactOS 0.3.10 | ||||
| 2009–08 | Mac OS X Snow Leopard (v10.6) | Slackware 13.0 | MorphOS 2.3 | ||
| 2009–09 | iPhone OS 3.1 | DragonFly BSD 2.4 | Linux 2.6.31 Android 1.6 | ||
| 2009–10 | Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 R2 | OpenBSD 4.6 | Ubuntu 9.10 Android 2.0 | Solaris 10 10/09 MorphOS 2.4 | |
| 2009–11 | FreeBSD 8.0 | Fedora 12 openSUSE 11.2 | |||
| 2009–12 | Linux 2.6.32 | ReactOS 0.3.11 |
2010s
2020s
| Year–month | Windows | Apple | BSD | Linux | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020–01 | Linux 5.5 | ||||
| 2020–02 | NetBSD 9.0 | ||||
| 2020–03 | iOS 13.4 iPadOS 13.4 watchOS 6.2 |
DragonFly BSD 5.8 | Linux 5.6 | ||
| 2020–04 | Ubuntu 20.04 Fedora 32 |
ReactOS 0.4.13 | |||
| 2020–05 | Windows 10 May 2020 Update (2004) | iOS 13.5 iPadOS 13.5 |
OpenBSD 6.7 | OpenVMS 9.0 | |
| 2020–06 | Linux 5.7 | ArcaOS 5.0.5 Haiku R1/beta2 | |||
| 2020–07 | iOS 13.6 iPadOS 13.6 |
||||
| 2020–08 | Linux 5.8 | ArcaOS 5.0.6 | |||
| 2020–09 | iOS 13.7 iOS 14 |
Android 11 | |||
| 2020–10 | Windows 10 October 2020 Update (20H2) | iOS 14.1 | NetBSD 9.1 OpenBSD 6.8 FreeBSD 12.2 |
Linux 5.9 | |
| 2020–11 | macOS Big Sur (v11.0) | ||||
| 2020–12 | Linux 5.10 | ||||
See also
- Comparison of operating systems
- List of operating systems
- Comparison of real-time operating systems
- Timeline of DOS operating systems
- Timeline of Linux distributions (Diagram 1992–2010)
References
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External links
- UNIX History – a timeline of UNIX 1969 and its descendants at present
- Concise Microsoft O.S. Timeline – a color-coded concise timeline for various Microsoft operating systems (1981–present)
- Bitsavers – an effort to capture, salvage, and archive historical computer software and manuals from minicomputers and mainframes of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s
- A brief history of operating systems
- Microsoft operating system time-line
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