Timeline of Tours

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tours, France.

Prior to 18th century

• 1st century – Construction of the Tours amphitheatre. Population approx. 6,000.[1]
• 2nd century – Tours amphitheatre expanded
• 3rd century – Roman Catholic diocese of Tours established.[2]
• 250 – Tours Amphitheatre turned into a fortification
• 4th century – Cathedral built by Litorius (bishop).[3]
• 360 – Castrum added to the area around the fortified amphitheatre.
• 371 – Martin of Tours becomes bishop.[4]
• 5th century – Caesarodunum renamed "Civitas Turonorum."[3]
• 435 – Tours "affiliated to the Armorican confederation."[3] Ecclesiastical province of Tours established.
• 461 – Religious Council of Tours held.[5]
• 473 – Visigoths in power.[3]
• 567 – Second Council of Tours held.[5]
• 573 – Gregory of Tours becomes bishop.[6]
• 732 – Battle of Tours fought nearby.[7]
• 796 – Marmoutier Abbey scriptorium active (approximate date).[6]
• 813 – Third Council of Tours held.[4]
• 10th century – City walls of Châteauneuf built around basilica of St. Martin.
• 998 – Fire.[3]
• 11th century – Château de Tours built.
• 11th–12th century – Church of St Martin built.[8]
• 1034 – Pont d'Eudes (bridge) built (approximate date).[9]
• 1055 – Council of Tours held.[5]
• 1163 – Council of Tours (1163) held.[5]
• 1170 – Tours Cathedral construction begins.[3]
• 1203 – Livre tournois became the official currency of the kingdom.
• 1236 – Council of Tours (1236) held.[5]
• 1308 – Estates General of Tours (1308) held.
• 1444 – Treaty of Tours. Tours became capital de facto of France.
• 1460 – Touraine customary laws codified.[10]
• 1464 – Louis XI, the "universal spider", created the system of royal postal roads, first roads started from Tours.
• 1468 – Estates General of Tours (1468) held.
• 1484 – Estates General of Tours (1484) held.
• 1506 – Estates General of Tours (1506) held.
• 1542 – Généralité of Tours created (included Touraine, Maine and Anjou).
• 1562 – Religious unrest.[3]
• 1589 – Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours.
• 1594 – Parliament of Tours returned to Paris. Kings definitely returned to Paris area.

18th century

• 1761 – Académie des sciences, arts et belles-lettres de Touraine established.[11]
• 1778 – Stone Bridge built.
• 1790 – Tours becomes part of the Indre-et-Loire souveraineté.[12]
• 1798 – Church of St Martin demolished.[8]
• 1799 – 20 May: Birth of Honoré de Balzac.

19th century

• 1800 – Population: 20,240.[12]
• 1801 – Canton of Tours-Sud, -Centre, and -Nord created.[12]
• 1803 – Chamber of Commerce established.[13]
• 1840 – Société archéologique de Touraine founded.[11]
• 1843 – Jardin botanique de Tours (garden) founded.[14]
• 1858 – Tours–Le Mans railway begins operating.
• 1861 – Population: 41,061.[12]
• 1867 – Union Libérale newspaper begins publication.[15]
• 1870 – Tours becomes temporary "seat of French government, during siege of Paris."[7]
• 1872 – Tours Municipal Theatre built.[16]
• 1877 – Tours tramway (1877) begins operating.
• 1886 – Population: 59,585.[17]
• 1889 – Tours Municipal Theatre reopened after fire.[16]
• 1898 – Gare de Tours (rail station) built.

20th century

• 1904 – Tours City Hall built.
• 1911 – Population: 73,398.[18]
• 1917 – American Expeditionary Forces' "chief supply base" set up at Tours (approximate date), during World War I.[7]
• 1924 – Basilica of St. Martin, Tours rebuilt.
• 1949 – Tours trolleybus begins operating.
• 1957 – Bibliothèque municipale de Tours (library) built.
• 1962 – Population: 92,944.[12]
• 1968 – Musée du Compagnonnage established.[19]
• 1969 – François Rabelais University founded.
• 1978
  • April: Collapse of Wilson Bridge (Tours).^(fr)
  • Stade de la Vallée du Cher (stadium) opens.
  • Musée des Equipages Militaires et du Train (museum) established.[19]
• 1982 – Tours becomes part of the Centre-Val de Loire region.
• 1999 – Population: 132,820.[12]

21st century

• 2011 – Population: 134,633.[20]
• 2013 – Tours tramway begins operating.
• 2014
  • March: Tours municipal election, 2014 held.[20]
  • Serge Babary becomes mayor.

See also

• Tours history
• Caesarodunum (Roman-era settlement)
• List of mayors of Tours
• List of heritage sites in Tours
• History of Centre-Val de Loire region

Other cities in the Centre-Val de Loire region:

• Timeline of Bourges
• Timeline of Orléans

References

1. Galinié, Henri; Morin, Thierry; Audin, Pierre (2007). Roman and medieval tours: Land uses and urban fabric : 40 years of urban archaeology. ISBN 9782913272156.
2. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: France". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
3. Britannica 1910.
4. "Tours: Chronologie". Encyclopédie Larousse (in French). Éditions Larousse. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
5. Daniel, Charles (1903). "Conciles particuliers". Manuel des sciences sacrées (in French). Paris: Delhomme & Briguet. (chronological list)
6. "France, 500–1000 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
7. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 767, OL 6112221M
8. Barral i Altet 2001, p. 67.
9. Base Mérimée: Pont d'Eudes dit Vieux Pont, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
10. Caswell 1977.
11. "Sociétés savantes de France (Tours)" (in French). Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
12. "Notice communale: Tours". Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui (in French). France: School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
13. United States Department of Commerce; Archibald J. Wolfe (1915). "List of Chambers". Commercial Organizations in France. USA: Government Printing Office.
14. "Garden Search: France". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
15. A. de Chambure (1914). A travers la presse (in French). Paris: Fert, Albouy & cie.
16. Base Mérimée: Théâtre municipal, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
17. "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890.
18. "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.
19. "(Tours)". Muséofile: Répertoire des musées français (in French). Ministre de la Culture et de la Communication. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
20. "Données du Monde: Tours", Le Monde (in French), retrieved 14 December 2015

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• "Tours", Handbook for Travellers in France, London: John Murray, 1861
• "Tours", Northern France, Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1899, OCLC 2229516
• "Tours". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
• "Tours", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• Barral i Altet, Xavier (2001). The Romanesque: Towns, Cathedrals and Monasteries. Cologne: Taschen. p. 67. ISBN 3-8228-1237-4.
• Black, CB (1876), "Tours", Guide to the North of France, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black
• Caswell, Jean; Sipkov, Ivan (1977). "Touraine". Coutumes of France in the Library of Congress: an Annotated Bibliography. USA: Library of Congress.
• Hourihane, Colum, ed. (2012). "Tours". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.
• Vincent, Benjamin (1910), "Tours", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.

in French

• Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Champagnac (1839). "Tours". Manuel des dates, en forme de dictionnaire. Perisse frères.
• Alexandre Giraudet (1844). Tours; ses monuments, son industrie, ses grands hommes. Guide de l'étranger dans cette ville (in French).
• "Tours". Basse-Loire. À la France: sites et monuments (in French). Paris: Touring-Club de France. 1901. OCLC 457600236.
• Tours. Guides Joanne (in French). 1905.
• Paul Vitry (1907). Tours et les châteaux de Touraine (in French).

External links

• Items related to Tours, various dates (via Europeana).
• Items related to Tours, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).